Prevalence and distribution of permanent canine agenesis in dental paediatric and orthodontic patients in Hungary.

Non-syndromic permanent canine agenesis, or combined with agenesis, or developmental absence of other tooth types, has occasionally been described in the literature, but isolated forms are rarely observed. The purpose of the present retrospective radiographic study was to provide data on the prevalence and distribution of permanent canine agenesis in the Hungarian population. Dental panoramic tomograms and the medical history data of 4417, 6- to 18-year-old children (average age 12 years, male-to-female ratio 1:1), who presented for treatment at the Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics of the Semmelweis University Budapest, Hungary, were examined. Patients with systemic diseases were excluded. Chi-square and Fisher's tests were performed to determine statistical significance at a level of P < 0.05. Thirteen subjects had permanent canine agenesis. The overall prevalence was 0.29 per cent. The prevalence of permanent canine agenesis was 0.27 per cent in the maxilla and 0.09 per cent in the mandible (P < 0.01). The male-to-female ratio was 1:2.2. Dental anomalies associated with permanent canine agenesis were found: 11 patients had retention of the primary canines, 10 other types of agenesis of the permanent teeth, one a primary supernumerary tooth, one a supernumerary cusp, and nine occlusal disturbances.

[Prevalence of congenital hypodontia in the permanent dentition and its treatment]. / A maradó fogak csírahiányának elófordulási gyakorisága és a kezelés lehetóségei.

Congenital aplasia (agenesis) is an important development dental anomaly. There is a big discrepancy between the data on the prevalence of aplasia in dental literature. The authors analyzed orthopantomograms of 1875 children and adolescents at the Department of Dentistry for Children and Orthodontics of Semmelweis University. The prevalence of congenital aplasia was found 15.68% (294 subjects). There was no difference between the sexes. The most frequently missing teeth were the upper lateral incisors, the lower second premolars, the upper second premolars and the lower central incisors. The highest number of aplasia was detected in the second premolars (330 teeth). The frequency of aplasia of the molars was 0.74%. Oligodontia was found in 1.12%. The authors present two patients with aplasia and the successful treatment of the cases.

The effects on teeth of radiotherapy for nasal endodermal sinus tumor (yolk sac tumor) in childhood.

A rare case of a 10-year-old girl with an endodermal sinus tumor that occurred in the nasal cavity is presented. She received chemotherapy and radiotherapy at the age of 4. The subsequent abnormal development of the maxillary teeth is described and discussed in the light of the known effects of radiotherapy.

Dental trauma in children presenting for treatment at the Department of Dentistry for Children and Orthodontics, Budapest, 1985-1999.

Data on children with dental trauma who presented for treatment at the Department of Dentistry for Children and Orthodontics in Budapest over a period of 15 years were analysed. The WHO guidelines were used to classify the traumatic injuries. A total of 590 children were involved, 810 teeth being affected. Children aged 7-14 years made up 88% of the cohort. The male:female ratio was 58:42. The permanent:primary ratio for the affected teeth was 90:10. The teeth most commonly affected were the maxillary central incisors. In 70% of the cases, only one tooth was traumatised. The incidence of dental trauma peaked at 10 years of age. The most common injury type observed was enamel-dentin crown fracture. The decreasing sequence of frequency of etiological factors was playing, sports, falls, cycling, road accidents and fighting. Of the accidents, 65% occurred at school or at home. Seventy seven per cent of the patients presented for medical care in the first 3 days after the accident.

[Frequency of supernumerary teeth and possibilities of treatment]. / A maradó számfeletti fogak elófordulási gyakorisága és kezelésük lehetóségei.

According to dental literature, the frequency of supernumerary teeth is 1-3%. The authors analyzed the orthopantomograms of 1875 children and adolescents aged between 6 and 18 years to determine the frequency of supernumerary teeth at the Department of Dentistry for Children and Orthodontics. The frequency was found to be 1.92%. The sequence of frequency of supernumerary teeth was: mesiodens, lateral incisor, central incisor. 77.8% of the supernumerary teeth occurred in the maxilla, 97.2% in the frontal region. Besides the data found, two successful cases of surgical and orthodontic treatment are also presented.

[Comparative epidemiologic examination of caries in adolescents]. / Osszehasonlító caries epidemiológiai vizsgálatok serdülókorú fiatalokban.

The aim of the study was to assess the caries prevalence and oral hygiene in groups of adolescents living in two Hungarian towns and to establish correlations with socio-economical factors. Examinations of caries and oral hygiene were performed in 586 14-16-year-old children. The percentage of caries free children was 5.1%, the DMFT and DMFS values were 6.97 +/- 4.67 and 9.95 +/- 7.94 respectively. The VPI index was 41.6 +/- 32.7% (mean +/- S.D.), and showed positive correlation with the caries prevalence. The DMFT and DMFS values, as well as VPI decreased as the educational level of the father had increased. The number of siblings had a worsening effect on DMFT, DMFS and VPI values.

[Comparative epidemiologic study of caries in German and Hungarian adolescents]. / Német és magyar serdülókorú fiatalok összehasonlító caries epidemiológiai vizsgálata.

The aim of the study was to assess the trend of caries prevalence in German and Hungarian population sample. The authors examined 15-16-year-old Hungarian adolescents in Debrecen and Budapest in 1997 (451 persons), then re-examined them in 1999 (377 persons). These data were compared to those of 15-16 and 17-18-year-old adolescents examined in the Eastern part of Germany (Plauen) in 1991 (668 persons) and in 1995 (586 persons). The results showed significant caries reduction in Germany. The DMFT values of 17-18-year-old adolescents were nearly half in Germany (x = 5.2) compared to those of Hungary (x = 9.0). This fact suggests the necessity of introduction of effective preventive programs including salt fluoridation in Hungary.

[Orthodontic anomalies in adolescents]. / Fogazati rendellenességek gyakorisága serdülökorban.

An epidemiological survey of 483 adolescents had bean carried out in Budapest and Debrecen to assess the prevalence of malocclusion. The authors used the WHO's questionnaire "Dentofacial anomalies". Normocclusion was seen in 52.8% adolescents, Angle Class I. malocclusion in 23.2% and 25.9% had Angles Class II/1. Spacing of the upper segments was observed in 10.4%, while spacing of the lower segments was seen in 2.9%. Crowding of these segments occurred in 14.3%. Deep bite was found to occur in 26.1% of the patients. Statistically significant correlations were found between crowding and DMFT, DMFS mean values and frequency of dental plaque.

Associations between microbiological and salivary caries activity tests and caries experience in Hungarian adolescents.

The aim of the study was to assess caries prevalence in connection with salivary caries-related findings in 349 14- to 16-year-old Hungarian adolescents living in two different cities. DMFT, DMFS means, stimulated salivary flow, buffer capacity, mutans streptococci, lactobacilli and candida counts in saliva were determined. The ratio of caries-free adolescents was 4.6% in the total population sample, DMFT mean values were 7.24+/-4.86, DMFS means 10.50+/-8.35. Mean secretion rate of stimulated saliva was 0. 84+/-0.50; a low buffer capacity was found in 6.3% of the examined children. The ratio of carriers of mutans streptococci, lactobacilli and yeasts in saliva was 89.7, 73.9 and 47.7%, respectively. DMFT and DMFS values as well as mutans streptococci and candida counts were lower in the capital than in the other city. Statistically significant correlations were found between DMFT, DMFS mean values, and salivary microbiological counts.

[Relationship between dental status and salivary microbiology in adolescents]. / Serdülökorúak fogazati állapotának és a nyál mikrobiológiai vizsgálati eredményeinek összefüggései.

The authors studied caries prevalence in connection with salivary caries related findings, in 349, 14-16 years old Hungarian adolescents, living in two different cities. DMF.T, DMF-S means, stimulated salivary flow, buffer capacity, Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus and Candida albicans counts in saliva were determined. The ratio of cariesfrre adolescents was 4.6% in the total population sample, DMF-T mean values were 7.24 +/- 4.86, DMF-S means 10.50 +/- 8.35. Mean secretion rate of stimulated saliva was 0.84 +/- 0.50, a low buffer capacity was found in 6.3% of the examined children. Ratio of carriers of Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacilli and yeasts in saliva was 89.7%, 73.9% and 47.7% respectively. DMF-T and DMF-S values, as well as S. mutans counts were lower in the capital than in the other city. Statistically significant correlations were found between DMF-S, DMF mean values and salivary microbiological counts.

[Incidence of structural disorders of teeth in hereditary epidermolysis bullosa]. / A fogak szerkezeti rendellenességének elöfordulása epidermolysis bullosa hereditariában.

Authors present a 12-year old boy, whose diagnosis was epidermolysis bullosa. Beside the general characteristics of the illness they discuss the dental status of the patient and sum up the literary references together with other anomalies occurring in epidermolysis bullosa hereditaria.

[Effect of various mouthwashes on wound healing after tooth extraction]. / Különbözö gyógyszeres öblítö szerek hatása az extractiós seb gyógyulására.

The results of the clinical tests involving 200 patients show that after extraction the use of Meridol, NaF and Chlorhexidine mouthrinses along with careful mouth hygiene helps healing to a great extent. The antiseptic affect of solutions in case of solutions of fluoride content are manifested in an antibacterial way, while solutions of chlorhexidine content act in an antiseptic way. Furthermore the solutions foster good oral hygiene and in this way lessen the number of complications. This is shown by the decreased frequency rate of gingivitis and also the opinions of the patients. Their reports confirm that there is less foetor ox ore, pain and functional insufficiency in mastication. Based on these facts we can state that any of the three mouthrinses considerably helps complication-free healing.

[Experience with Ketac silver filling material]. / Ketac silver tömöanyaggal szerzett tapasztalataink.

The authors used ESPE's Ketac silver "cermet" in deciduous molars. They advise to use it only in deciduous teeth because of its low wearing quality and britleness.

Results of a 3-year oral hygiene programme, including amine fluoride products, in patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances.

This paper reports the results of a 3-year study on children treated with fixed orthodontic appliances. They were all regularly instructed in oral hygiene maintenance and used a standardized fluoride-free toothpaste during the course of the study. The patients were divided into three groups. Groups one and two, respectively, had a fluoride gel and fluoride fluid (Elmex amine fluoride products, GABA International Ltd, Basle, Switzerland) applied. Group three used only the toothpaste supplied, had oral hygiene instruction, but not topical applications. Caries increments were lowest and gingival health best in the two groups using amine fluorides, especially the gel group.

[Experience with amalgams manufactured by Southern Dental Industries (Australia)]. / Tapasztalataink az SDI cég által gyártott amalgámmal.

The gamma 2 phaseless amalgam of the firm Southern Dental Industries (SDI) was tested. None of the 205 fillings showed level deviations, unevenness, secondary caries and breakage. A minimum size gap was found in 2 cases.

[Results of the use of amine-fluoride preparations in orthodontic practice]. / Aminofluorid készítmények alkalmazásának eredménye fogszabályozó kezelés alatt.

The authors report about a 3 years examination of children wearing fixed orthodontic appliances. The patient were divided into three groups (each comprising 70 persons): 1. Elmex fluid, 2. Elmex gel, 3. control group. Increase of caries intensity was lower while condition of the gingiva was better in the groups using aminofluoride preparations. Good results were obtained especially by employing the Elmex gel.

Collaborative WHO xylitol field studies in Hungary. III. Longitudinal counts of lactobacilli and yeasts in saliva.

The levels of salivary lactobacilli and yeasts were determined annually in half of the subjects of the xylitol (X) and fluoride (F) groups of a 3-year caries study. These measurements were carried out with Dentocult (DC) and Oricult (OC) dip-slide methods. A high level of lactobacilli prevailed throughout the study in these subjects. Significant changes were registered in some subgroups--that is, improvement in one of the X institutions and worsening in one of the F and one of the X institutions. At base line the counts of OC were worse in the X than in the F group. In the total material some improvement occurred during the course of the study, mainly in the X group. The changes associated with the preventive program should also be considered as related to the improvement in oral hygiene, restorative treatment, and the mere study effect.