ABSTRACT
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) in pregnant women is an uncommon disease. It could be easily misdiagnosed because of physiologic changes during pregnancy; in some cases, patients could remain asymptomatic maintaining elevated calcium serum levels, and this situation represents a threat to the health of both mother and fetus. We present two cases of PHPT during pregnancy and their evolution after surgical treatment in the second trimester; there were no observed complications during pregnancy or delivery in our patients. Early diagnosis and medical/surgical treatment in PHPT are necessary for avoiding maternal and fetal complications which could not be predicted based on duration or severity of hypercalcemia. An appropriate management of PHPT during pregnancy is necessary for preserving the health of both the woman and the fetus.
Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/secondary , Catheters , Diagnostic Errors , Iodine Radioisotopes , Radiopharmaceuticals , Tracheostomy/instrumentation , Whole Body Imaging , Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/diagnostic imaging , Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/radiotherapy , Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/surgery , False Positive Reactions , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Iodine Radioisotopes/pharmacokinetics , Iodine Radioisotopes/therapeutic use , Laryngismus/surgery , Middle Aged , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Postoperative Complications/surgery , Radionuclide Imaging , Radiopharmaceuticals/pharmacokinetics , Radiopharmaceuticals/therapeutic use , Saliva/metabolism , Sodium Iodide/therapeutic use , Thyroid Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Thyroid Neoplasms/surgery , Thyroidectomy , Thyrotropin Alfa , Vocal Cord Paralysis/etiology , Vocal Cord Paralysis/surgerySubject(s)
Cushing Syndrome/diagnostic imaging , Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 , Spinal Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Teratoma/diagnostic imaging , ACTH Syndrome, Ectopic/complications , ACTH Syndrome, Ectopic/diagnostic imaging , Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/physiology , Adult , Cushing Syndrome/etiology , Female , Humans , Positron-Emission Tomography , Sacrococcygeal Region/diagnostic imaging , Sacrococcygeal Region/pathology , Spinal Neoplasms/complications , Spinal Neoplasms/metabolism , Teratoma/complications , Teratoma/metabolismABSTRACT
The nutritional status of a patient determines to a great extent his/her susceptibility and capacity in responding to infections. Protein and caloric malnutrition as well as many selective mineral and vitamin deficiencies deteriorate the immune and inflammatory metabolic response, increasing the frequency of infections and worsening their evolution and prognosis. Furthermore, recurrent infections can deteriorate nutritional status, with both problems forming a vicious circle that needs to be recognized for adequate treatment. This problem is not as foreign to us as we might think, given that many hospitalized patients as well as those with chronic diseases suffer from serious nutritional deficiencies. If we also take into account the proposition that the nutritional status of a patient can affect his/her response to treatment with antibiotics and vaccines, we realize then that not enough attention has been paid to this important public health risk factor to date.
Subject(s)
Communicable Diseases/physiopathology , Disease Susceptibility/physiopathology , Nutritional Status/physiology , Animals , HumansABSTRACT
Enteral nutrition is an artificial form of nutrition which is expanding an there are thus a great many commercial preparations on the market which are rapidly being developed. This study is a presentation of the quantitative and qualitative changes in these preparations from 1988-1991, classified depending upon their main nutrient: proteins. In global terms, there has been an increase of 18 formulae, distributed among different types, but with the most spectacular increase in special diets. Discussion of the trends observed, which respond to further knowledge on the absorption or tolerance of nutrients and nutritional needs in different pathologies.
