Oklahoma "Tobacco Stops with Me" Media Campaign Effects on Attitudes toward Secondhand Smoke.

IMPORTANCE: Public education campaigns in tobacco control play an important role in changing tobacco-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviors. The Oklahoma Tobacco Stops with Me campaign has been effective in changing attitudes overall and across subpopulations towards secondhand smoke risks. OBJECTIVE: Investigate campaign impact on secondhand smoke policy and risk attitudes. DESIGN: Serial cross-sectional data analyzed with univariate and multivariable models. SETTING: Random-digit dialing surveys conducted in 2007 and 2015 PARTICIPANTS: Oklahomans 18-65 years old Main Outcomes and Measures: (1) Support for smokefree bars; (2) risk assessment of secondhand smoke (very harmful, causes heart disease, causes sudden infant death); and 3) likelihood of protecting yourself from secondhand smoke. RESULTS: With Tobacco Stops with Me exposure, from 2007 to 2015, Oklahomans demonstrated significant increases in: (1) supporting smokefree bars (23.7% to 55%); (2) reporting beliefs that SHS causes heart disease (58.5% to 72.6%), is very harmful (63.8% to 70.6%) and causes sudden infant death (24% to 34%); and 3) reporting they are very likely to ask someone not to smoke nearby (45% to 52%). Controlling for demographics, smokers and males showed reduced attitude change. In uncontrolled comparisons, high-school graduates faired better than non-diploma individuals, who lacked significant attitude changes. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Tobacco Stops with Me achieved its mission to more closely align public perception of SHS with well-documented secondhand smoke risks. Efforts to target women were particularly successful. Smokers may be resistant to messaging; closing taglines that reinstate individual choice may help to reduce resistance/reactance (e.g., adding Oklahoma Helpline contact information).

Chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan-based perineuronal net establishment is largely activity-independent in chick visual system.

Extracellular matrix components consisting of large aggregating chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans accumulate around neuronal perikarya to establish perineuronal nets. These perineuronal nets surround subpopulations of neurons in many vertebrates including man. In chickens, perineuronal nets show very fast matrix maturation after hatching which is probably due to the rapid establishment of neuronal morphology and immediate functional and behavioural performance of the animals. In mammals, maturation of extracellular matrix including perineuronal nets largely depends upon specific afferent activation. The present study shows that extracellular matrix maturation in mesencephalic, diencephalic and telencephalic visual centers of chicks tectofugal system is not principally determined by light activation. Perineuronal nets show an equally developed phenotypic character on monocularly light deprived animals in all investigated brain regions. Results suggest that establishment of extracellular matrix and perineuronal nets are largely activity-independent in the investigated precocial bird.