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1.
World J Clin Oncol ; 14(4): 179-189, 2023 Apr 24.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37124133

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Extramedullary multiple myeloma (MM) (EMM) is a rare and aggressive subentity of MM that can be present at diagnosis or develop anytime during the disease course. There is a paucity of data on the clinical characteristics and overall epidemiology of EMM. Furthermore, there is a scarcity of data on how the interaction of age and gender influences the survival of EMM. AIM: To evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with EMM over the past 2 decades and to identify epidemiologic characteristics that may impact overall prognosis. METHODS: A total of 858 patients diagnosed with EMM, between 2000 and 2017, were ultimately enrolled in our study by retrieving the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. We analyzed demographics, clinical characteristics, and overall mortality (OM) as well as cancer-specific mortality (CSM) of EMM. Variables with a P value < 0.1 in the univariate Cox regression were incorporated into the multivariate Cox model to determine the independent prognostic factors, with a hazard ratio (HR) of greater than 1 representing adverse prognostic factors. RESULTS: From a sample of 858 EMM, the male gender (63.25%), age range 60-79 years (51.05%), and non-Hispanic whites (66.78%) were the most represented. Central Nervous System and the vertebral column was the most affected site (33.10%). Crude analysis revealed higher OM in the age group 80+ [HR = 6.951, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 3.299-14.647, P = 0], Non-Hispanic Black population (HR = 1.339, 95%CI: 1.02-1.759, P = 0.036), Bones not otherwise specified (NOS) (HR = 1.74, 95%CI: 1.043-2.902, P = 0.034), and widowed individuals (HR = 2.107, 95%CI: 1.511-2.938, P = 0). Skin involvement (HR = 0.241, 95%CI: 0.06-0.974, P = 0.046) and a yearly income of $75000+ (HR = 0.259, 95%CI: 0.125-0.538, P = 0) had the lowest OM in the crude analysis. Crude analysis revealed higher CSM in the age group 80+, Non-Hispanic Black, Bones NOS, and widowed. Multivariate cox proportional hazard regression analyses only revealed higher OM in the age group 80+ (HR = 9.792, 95%CI: 4.403-21.774, P = 0) and widowed individuals (HR = 1.609, 95%CI: 1.101-2.35, P = 0.014). Multivariate cox proportional hazard regression analyses of CSM also revealed higher mortality of the same groups. Eyes, mouth, and ENT involvement had the lowest CSM in the multivariate analysis. There was no interaction between age and gender in the adjusted analysis for OM and CSM. CONCLUSION: EMM is a rare entity. To our knowledge, there is a scarcity of data on the clinical characteristics and prognosis factors of patients with extramedullary multiple myeloma. In this retrospective cohort, using a United States-based population, we found that age, marital status, and tumor site were independent prognostic factors. Furthermore, we found that age and gender did not interact to influence the mortality of patients with EMM.

2.
Rev. inf. cient ; 101(1)feb. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1409520

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: Las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones han proporcionado nuevas formas de publicar los resultados científicos a través de plataformas digitales de fácil manejo. Objetivo: Valorar la influencia de los mecanismos de la sociedad de consumo en el uso de las revistas en acceso abierto en las condiciones actuales de los países subdesarrollados. Método: Se asumió como método general de investigación el dialéctico-materialista y, de manera particular, los métodos de revisión bibliográfica para desarrollar un análisis crítico-reflexivo sobre el contenido relacionado con la temática; se tomaron en cuenta tesis de doctorado, artículos originales, de revisión y editoriales publicados entre 2010 y 2021. La búsqueda fue realizada en las bases de datos SciELO y Google Académico en junio 2021; las palabras clave utilizadas fueron: "revistas", "acceso abierto" y "tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones". Resultados: Se analizaron aspectos relacionados con el tema, entre ellos: el concepto de acceso abierto, la geopolítica del conocimiento y su influencia para los investigadores del Sur; se alerta sobre el riesgo de colocar artículos en una revista depredadora. Conclusiones: Publicar en revistas en acceso abierto puede ser una ruta espinosa por carencias en el manejo de las plataformas en acceso abierto y habilidades de redacción del artículo científico; por la geopolítica del conocimiento y las limitaciones que suele imponer el mundo de la mercantilización editorial; y porque se corre el riesgo de ser engañado por revistas depredadoras, megadepredadoras y secuestradoras.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Information and communication technologies have provided new ways of publishing scientific achievement through user-friendly digital platforms. Objective: To assess the influence of the consumer society mechanisms on the use of the Open Access journals in the current conditions of underdeveloped countries. Method: It was assumed the dialectical materialist method as general method, particularly, it was used the literature review to develop a critical-reflexive analysis of the content related to the subject matter. Various doctorate thesis, original articles, review articles and editorials published between 2010 and 2021 were taken into account. The search was conducted in the SciELO and Google Scholar databases in June 2021; the keywords used were: "journals", "open access" and "information and communication technologies". Results: Aspects related to the topic were analyzed, among them: the concept of Open Access, knowledge geopolitics and its influence on researchers from the South; the risk of placing articles in a predatory journal was warned. Conclusions: Publishing in Open Access journals can be a thorny path due to the lack of Open Access platform management and scientific article writing skills; due to the geopolitics on the knowledge and the limitations usually imposed by the world of editorial commoditization; including the risk of being deceived by predatory, mega-predatory and hijacking journals.


RESUMO Introdução: As tecnologias de informação e comunicação proporcionaram novas formas de publicação de resultados científicos por meio de plataformas digitais amigáveis. Objetivo: Avaliar a influência dos mecanismos da sociedade de consumo sobre o uso de periódicos em Acesso Aberto nas condições atuais dos países subdesenvolvidos. Método: O método dialético-materialista foi assumido como método geral de pesquisa e, de forma particular, os métodos de revisão bibliográfica para desenvolver uma análise crítico-reflexiva sobre o conteúdo relacionado à temática; Foram consideradas teses de doutorado, artigos originais, de revisão e editoriais publicados entre 2010 e 2021. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados SciELO e Google Academic em junho de 2021; as palavras-chave utilizadas foram: "periódicos", "acesso aberto" e "tecnologias da informação e comunicação". Resultados: Foram analisados aspectos relacionados ao tema, entre eles: o conceito de Acesso Aberto, a geopolítica do conhecimento e sua influência nos pesquisadores do Sul; ser alertado para o risco de veicular artigos em revista predatória. Conclusões: Publicar em periódicos em Acesso Aberto pode ser um caminho espinhoso devido às deficiências na gestão de plataformas de Acesso Aberto e na habilidade de redação de artigos científicos; pela geopolítica do conhecimento e as limitações que o mundo da comercialização editorial costuma impor; e porque você corre o risco de ser enganado por revistas predatórias, megadedatórias e sequestradoras.

3.
Edumecentro ; 13(1): 252-274, ene.-mar. 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1149244

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: una dificultad lingüística recurrente en los textos escritos de los profesionales de la salud radica en la incorrecta utilización del gerundio debido a la influencia del idioma inglés en el español, las malas traducciones, el desconocimiento lingüístico y las concepciones erróneas ―dogmáticas― arraigadas. Objetivo: fundamentar el empleo acertado del gerundio español en la redacción científica, como importante y necesaria estructura del idioma español. Métodos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica, se consultaron 32 textos ―tesis de grado, artículos originales y de revisión-. Después de la lectura preliminar, se seleccionaron 20, teniendo en cuenta la actualización de la bibliografía y su pertinencia con el objetivo propuesto. Resultados: según el análisis, el gerundio puede ser utilizado correctamente en las más disímiles situaciones. Las multiplicidades de funciones otorgadas a esta forma no personal verbal por inexpertos en el idioma han lastrado sus funciones y han generado temor entre los que desconocen sus bondades y posibilidades. Los autores consideran que la superación lingüística en el conocimiento morfosintáctico del idioma es casi nula en un contexto universitario donde la prioridad es el dominio de las ciencias médicas, unido al desinterés de algunos profesionales del sector por no considerar el lenguaje como la mejor herramienta para su proyección intelectual y como aspecto inherente a su imagen profesional. Conclusiones: se constató que las generalidades de los autores consultados coinciden en que el gerundio puede utilizarse en todos los estilos de redacción, incluyendo el científico, siempre que se emplee en correspondencia con las normas lingüísticas.


ABSTRACT Introduction: a recurrent linguistic difficulty in the written texts of health professionals lies in the incorrect use of the gerund due to the influence of the English language in Spanish, bad translations, linguistic ignorance and ingrained ―dogmatic― misconceptions. Objective: to base the correct use of the Spanish gerund in scientific writing, as an important and necessary structure of the Spanish language. Methods: a bibliographic review was carried out, 32 texts were consulted ― degree theses, original articles and review articles. After preliminary reading, 20 were selected, taking into account the updating of the bibliography and its relevance to the proposed objective. Results: according to the analysis, the gerund can be correctly used in the most dissimilar situations. The multiplicities of functions granted to this non-personal verbal form by inexperienced in the language have weighed down its functions and have generated fear among those who are unaware of its benefits and possibilities. The authors consider that linguistic improvement in the morphosyntactic knowledge of the language is almost nil in a university context where the priority is the domain of medical sciences, together with the lack of interest of some professionals in the branch for not considering language as the best tool for its intellectual projection and as an inherent aspect of their professional image. Conclusions: it was found that the generality of the consulted authors agree that the gerund can be used in all writing styles, including the scientific one, as long as it is used in correspondence with the linguistic norms.


Subject(s)
Communication , Education, Medical , Language , Language Arts
4.
Edumecentro ; 12(3): 82-101, jul.-set. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1124704

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Fundamento: la educación superior cubana prioriza el desarrollo de la lengua materna entre sus estudiantes, quienes en ocasiones muestran carencias cognoscitivas e insuficientes habilidades lingüísticas. Objetivo: explicar una experiencia docente investigativa vinculada al desarrollo de la lengua materna, desde el programa "Ortografía y Gramática" para alumnos de tercer año de Licenciatura en Nutrición. Métodos: se realizó un estudio cualitativo en la Facultad de Tecnología-Enfermería en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara, durante el periodo septiembre-noviembre de 2019. Paralelamente a los métodos y procedimientos pedagógicos utilizados en la impartición del programa, se emplearon métodos teóricos: análisis-síntesis e inducción-deducción para obtener, procesar y analizar la información. La revisión documental -método empírico fundamental- el análisis del discurso y el método matemático, propiciaron el arribo a conclusiones confiables. Resultados: el diagnóstico realizado permitió explorar acerca del estado cognoscitivo y las habilidades ortográficas, gramaticales y de redacción de los estudiantes a partir de la revisión de trabajos escritos por ellos; el programa fue impartido empleando técnicas indagatorias que se transformaron en experiencias positivas ya que a pesar de su poca duración los resultados finales demostraron lo acertado de su aplicación. Conclusiones: la experiencia pedagógica propició que los alumnos se involucraran conscientemente en un proceso donde sistematizaron habilidades propias de la lengua materna casi perdidas, y adquirieron y reafirmaron contenidos usando una bibliografía actualizada y adecuada a sus carencias y las necesidades del programa.


ABSTRACT Background: Cuban higher education prioritizes the development of mother tongue among students. Sometimes cognitive deficiencies and lack of language skills can be perceived in expressing themselves. Objective: to explain teaching and research experiences linked to the development of mother tongue, based on the "Ortografía Gramática" for third year students studying Bachelor's Degree in Nutrition. Methods: a qualitative study was carried out in the Tecnology and Nursing Faculty at the University of Medical Sciences of Villa Clara, from September to November 2019. In the same way that pedagogical methods and procedures were used in the program delivery, theoretical methods were also used: analysis-synthesis and induction-deduction methods to collect, process and analyze the information. Documentary review - a basic empirical method - speech analysis and the mathematical method favoured we draw valid conclusions. Results: diagnostic tests resulted in searching for the cognitive state and students' orthographic, grammatical and writing skills taking as reference papers written by them; the program was taught by using exploratory techniques that became into positive experiences since the final results proved its successful application even though the program was taught in a very short time. Conclusions: pedagogical experience brought students to consciously engage in a process through which they could systematize the almost lost mother tongue skills, and they learned and consolidated content using an updated and appropriate bibliography according to their shortcomings and the program needs.


Subject(s)
Students , Program , Education, Medical , Language
5.
Edumecentro ; 12(1): 111-130, ene.-mar. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1090002

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Fundamento: en la redacción científica se producen numerosas incorrecciones que provocan imprecisiones y anfibologías en los mensajes, entre ellas el uso incorrecto del gerundio, signo cuestionado e incluso rechazado por algunos investigadores. Objetivo: caracterizar el empleo del gerundio en la redacción científica de algunos profesionales de la salud. Métodos: se realizó una investigación descriptiva en la Facultad de Tecnología-Enfermería, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara, durante 2018 y primer trimestre de 2019. Se emplearon métodos teóricos: análisis-síntesis e inducción-deducción; empíricos: revisión documental como fuente de datos primarios, encuesta en forma de cuestionario aplicado a profesionales y el análisis del discurso en los artículos científicos analizados; y matemáticos para los datos numéricos. Resultados: se constataron empleos correctos del gerundio simultáneo y perifrástico, esencialmente con estar; también el explicativo e ilocutivo; en otras situaciones lo utilizan de manera incorrecta: reiterado, con acción posterior y función adjetiva. Se percibió algún rechazo hacia su empleo en documentos científicos, debido a ciertas concepciones dogmáticas arraigadas, lo que condujo a cuestionamiento entre los investigadores. Conclusiones: se reafirma la necesidad de superación idiomática, en la que se incentive el uso del gerundio como un elemento que aporta diversos matices al texto científico.


ABSTRACT Background: in the scientific writing there are numerous inaccuracies that cause errors and amphibologies in the messages, including the incorrect use of the gerund, a questioned sign and even rejected by some researchers. Objective: to characterize the use of the gerund in the scientific writing of some health professionals. Methods: a descriptive investigation was carried out in the Faculty of Technology - Nursing, in Villa Clara, from20 18 to the first quarter of 2019. Theoretical methods were used: analysis-synthesis and induction-deduction; Empirical ones: documentary review as a source of primary data, questionnaire survey applied to professionals and discourse analysis in the scientific articles analyzed; and mathematics for numerical data. Results: the correct use of simultaneous and peripheral gerund was found, essentially with being; also the explanatory and ilocutive; in other situations they use it incorrectly: repeated, with subsequent action and adjective function. Some rejection was perceived towards its use in scientific documents, due to certain entrenched dogmatic conceptions, which led to questioning among researchers. Conclusions: the need for language improvement is reaffirmed, in which the use of the gerund is encouraged as an element that brings diverse nuances to the scientific text.


Subject(s)
Education, Medical , Mentoring , Language , Language Arts
6.
Edumecentro ; 11(2): 205-212, abr.-jun. 2019.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1039702

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Existe una problemática evidentemente generalizada y observada entre los profesionales relacionada con una competencia profesional básica: la comunicación lingüística; los autores han indagado sobre el asunto y exponen ejemplos de cómo se afectan esencialmente los niveles léxico y sintáctico; se proponen algunos sustitutos para evitar la impropiedad léxica y los clichés porque provocan una atmósfera viciada, tediosa y monótona en la comunicación como evidencia de empobrecimiento del vocabulario, lo cual pone de manifiesto una deformada imagen lingüística. Significa esta otra acción dirigida a la reflexión y perfeccionamiento comunicativo para estos profesionales.


ABSTRACT There is evidently a widespread and observed problem among professionals related to a basic professional competence: linguistic communication; the authors have investigated the issue and present examples on how lexical and syntactic levels are essentially affected; some substitutes are proposed to avoid lexical impropriety and clichés because they provoke a tainted, tedious and monotonous atmosphere in the communication as evidence of impoverishment of vocabulary, which reveals a deformed linguistic image. It´s another action aimed at the reflection and communication improvement of these professionals.


Subject(s)
Professional Competence , Communication , Education, Medical
8.
Edumecentro ; 4(3): 73-85, sep.-dic. 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-728406

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de este estudio consistió en caracterizar los principales fenómenos sintácticos presentes en textos científicos escritos por docentes del perfil de Higiene y Epidemiología de la Facultad de Tecnología de la Salud de Villa Clara. Se trabaja con una muestra intencional de ocho ponencias redactadas por los profesores de este perfil y presentadas en eventos provinciales, territoriales e internacionales durante 2010-2011. Los métodos y técnicas empleados posibilitaron sistematizar, analizar y percibir lo común de los datos registrados, y arribar a conclusiones confiables. Pudo constatarse que dichos profesionales conocen las generalidades del lenguaje científico; sin embargo, incurren inconscientemente en hechos sintácticos que afectan la claridad y calidad de sus textos. A partir del diagnóstico efectuado surge la necesidad de proyectar acciones de superación profesional y normativas relacionadas con esta labor.


The objective of this article is to characterize the process and outcomes of a research work, it was motivated by the occurrence of different syntactic problems found in the speech of professionals of Villa Clara Health Technology Faculty, which have an incidence in written scientific documents. The sample comprises eight scientific works that were written by professors of the Hygiene and Epidemiology career, which were presented in provincial, territorial and international events from 2010 to 2011. The methods and techniques applied made possible to systematize, analyze and perceive the registered common data, this allowed arriving at reliable conclusions. It could be stated that this professionals know the generalities of the scientific language; however, they unconsciously have syntactic problems which affect the clarity and quality of the scientific document. Consequently, Professional upgrading actions and norms related to the writing of scientific documents are proposed.


Subject(s)
Schools, Health Occupations , Abstracting and Indexing , Research
9.
Edumecentro ; 4(1): 95-103, ene.-abr. 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-728395

ABSTRACT

Posterior a la incorporación de la Facultad deTecnología de la Salud de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara a la educación superior, se pudo constatar la existencia de un pobre desarrollo de las habilidades investigativas del claustro, lo que incide en los resultados de rubros evaluables de los indicadores en la producción científica. Esta situación influye negativamente en los resultados de la investigación científico-estudiantil; de ahí que se decidiera desarrollar un estudio para analizar cómo contribuir a elevar su desarrollo en los docentes, y proponer una estrategia pedagógica que contribuyera al desarrollo de las mencionadas habilidades con carácter permanente. El método fundamental empleado fue la investigación acción, pues en la actualidad resulta muy útil para tratar los análisis de nuevos desarrollos curriculares y tendencias metodológicas en la investigación educativa.


After the incorporation of the Health technology Faculty to the Villa Clara University of Medical Sciences it was tested a poor development of researching abilities in the teaching staff, this aspect has an incidence in the scientific production indicator of the teacher´s evaluation. This situation has a negative influence in the results of the students scientific research works. That´s why it is decided to carry out a research work to analyze how to contribute to elevate the development of researching abilities in the teachers and to propose a pedagogical strategy which contribute to elevate the permanent development of researching abilities. The action investigation was the method used, because it´s very useful to analyze the new curricular development and methodological tendencies in the educative research works.


Subject(s)
Health Strategies , Education, Medical , Efficiency
10.
Rev Edumecentro ; 4(1)ene. 2012. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-52425

ABSTRACT

Posterior a la incorporación de la Facultad deTecnología de la Salud de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara a la educación superior, se pudo constatar la existencia de un pobre desarrollo de las habilidades investigativas del claustro, lo que incide en los resultados de rubros evaluables de los indicadores en la producción científica. Esta situación influye negativamente en los resultados de la investigación científico-estudiantil; de ahí que se decidiera desarrollar un estudio para analizar cómo contribuir a elevar su desarrollo en los docentes, y proponer una estrategia pedagógica que contribuyera al desarrollo de las mencionadas habilidades con carácter permanente. El método fundamental empleado fue la investigación acción, pues en la actualidad resulta muy útil para tratar los análisis de nuevos desarrollos curriculares y tendencias metodológicas en la investigación educativa(AU)


Subject(s)
Knowledge Management for Health Research , Scientific Communication and Diffusion , Health Strategies , Strategic Research
11.
Rev Edumecentro ; 4(3)2012.
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-51261

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de este estudio consistió en caracterizar los principales fenómenos sintácticos presentes en textos científicos escritos por docentes del perfil de Higiene y Epidemiología de la Facultad de Tecnología de la Salud de Villa Clara. Se trabaja con una muestra intencional de ocho ponencias redactadas por los profesores de este perfil y presentadas en eventos provinciales, territoriales e internacionales durante 2010-2011. Los métodos y técnicas empleados posibilitaron sistematizar, analizar y percibir lo común de los datos registrados, y arribar a conclusiones confiables. Pudo constatarse que dichos profesionales conocen las generalidades del lenguaje científico; sin embargo, incurren inconscientemente en hechos sintácticos que afectan la claridad y calidad de sus textos. A partir del diagnóstico efectuado surge la necesidad de proyectar acciones de superación profesional y normativas relacionadas con esta labor(AU)


Subject(s)
Research , Faculty , Job Description
12.
Rev Edumecentro ; 3(1)2011. tab
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-51319

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y sincrónico sobre insuficiencias lingüísticas presentes en la producción científica escrita de los profesionales docentes de la Facultad de Tecnología de la Salud de Villa Clara, entre 2005 y 2010, para caracterizar los fenómenos lingüísticos que ocasionan detrimento en la calidad de esos textos. Se hizo un diagnóstico en diferentes escenarios docentes y revisiones de documentos, donde se observó el uso de la lengua materna. La muestra estuvo integrada por 20 proyectos investigativos de perfil médico. En el proceso se emplearon métodos teóricos, empíricos y específicos. Los errores más significativos se relacionaron con el nivel morfosintáctico y la ortografía, con predominio de la acentuación gráfica y el uso de los signos de puntuación. Todo ello evidencia carencias de conocimiento y habilidades en el uso de la lengua materna, lo cual indica la necesidad de realizar diferentes acciones para solucionar el problema(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Linguistics/methods , Records , Publications , Health Evaluation
14.
PLoS One ; 3(10): e3580, 2008.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18974868

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Although several mathematical models have been proposed to assess the risk:benefit of drugs in one measure, their use in practice has been rather limited. Our objective was to design a simple, easily applicable model. In this respect, measuring the proportion of patients who respond favorably to treatment without being affected by adverse drug reactions (ADR) could be a suitable endpoint. However, remarkably few published clinical trials report the data required to calculate this proportion. As an approach to the problem, we calculated the expected proportion of this type of patients. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Theoretically, responders without ADR may be obtained by multiplying the total number of responders by the total number of subjects that did not suffer ADR, and dividing the product by the total number of subjects studied. When two drugs are studied, the same calculation may be repeated for the second drug. Then, by constructing a 2 x 2 table with the expected frequencies of responders with and without ADR, and non-responders with and without ADR, the odds ratio and relative risk with their confidence intervals may be easily calculated and graphically represented on a logarithmic scale. Such measures represent "net efficacy adjusted for risk" (NEAR). We assayed the model with results extracted from several published clinical trials or meta-analyses. On comparing our results with those originally reported by the authors, marked differences were found in some cases, with ADR arising as a relevant factor to balance the clinical benefit obtained. The particular features of the adverse reaction that must be weighed against benefit is discussed in the paper. CONCLUSION: NEAR representing overall risk-benefit may contribute to improving knowledge of drug clinical usefulness. As most published clinical trials tend to overestimate benefits and underestimate toxicity, our measure represents an effort to change this trend.


Subject(s)
Models, Theoretical , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/statistics & numerical data , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/adverse effects , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/epidemiology , Fluoroquinolones/administration & dosage , Fluoroquinolones/adverse effects , Gemifloxacin , Humans , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/adverse effects , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Naphthyridines/administration & dosage , Naphthyridines/adverse effects , Pneumonia/drug therapy , Preventive Medicine/statistics & numerical data , Risk Assessment/methods , Treatment Outcome
15.
Eur J Pharmacol ; 595(1-3): 69-77, 2008 Oct 24.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18652820

ABSTRACT

Three important features must be considered when proposing therapeutic strategies in liver cirrhosis: inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrogenesis. Pirfenidone is a synthetic molecule which oxidative action has not been tested in cirrhosis. Cirrhosis was induced in rats by ligation of the common bile duct or carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) chronic intoxication and treated with pirfenidone or diphenyleneiodonium (a potent known antioxidant) for the last two weeks for bile duct ligation model or for the last three weeks for CCl(4) chronic intoxication. A 60% reduction in fibrosis index for bile duct ligation model and 42% for CCl(4) along with reduced inflammation was observed. Considerable reduction on hepatic enzymes and total and direct bilirubins were detected with pirfenidone in both models. Pirfenidone antioxidant capacity rendered a 28% and 30% reduction in nitrites and malonyldealdehide concentration in bile duct ligation and 52% and 38% in CCl(4). With respect to gene expression, fibrotic genes like transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and collagen Ialpha (Col-1alpha) were down-regulated by pirfenidone and increased expression of regenerative genes like hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and c-met . Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression were importantly down-regulated where nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) binding activity also decreased with pirfenidone treatment. Also, SOD and CAT functional activity decreased after pirfenidone action. On the other hand, diphenyleneiodonium induced a drop in oxidative stress similar in extent to pirfenidone, but it was not as effective as pirfenidone in reducing fibrosis. In this work, we showed antioxidant properties of pirfenidone beyond its well-known antifibrotic effect. These features make pirfenidone an attractive drug for trying fibrotic diseases accompanied by oxidative stress processes.


Subject(s)
Antioxidants/pharmacology , Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/prevention & control , Liver/drug effects , Onium Compounds/pharmacology , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Pyridones/pharmacology , Alanine Transaminase/blood , Animals , Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood , Bilirubin/blood , Carbon Tetrachloride , Catalase/genetics , Catalase/metabolism , Collagen Type I/genetics , Collagen Type I/metabolism , Common Bile Duct/surgery , Hepatocyte Growth Factor/genetics , Hepatocyte Growth Factor/metabolism , Ligation , Liver/enzymology , Liver/pathology , Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/enzymology , Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/etiology , Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/pathology , Malondialdehyde/metabolism , NF-kappa B/metabolism , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/genetics , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism , Nitrites/metabolism , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/genetics , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Superoxide Dismutase/genetics , Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism , Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics , Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
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