ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The evaluation of renal function changes over time is crucial in day-to-day renal transplant care, and the slope of renal function is a major outcome in clinical trials. Little is known about the reliability of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in reflecting real glomerular filtration rate (GFR) changes. METHODS: We analyzed the variability of eGFR slope by 63 equations in estimating measured GFR (mGFR) changes in 110 renal transplant patients. The agreement between eGFR and mGFR slopes was evaluated by the concordance correlation coefficient and the limits of agreement. Patients were grouped based on mGFR slope in rapid GFR loss: faster than -3 mL/min/y; stable renal function: -3 to +3 mL/min/y; and improvement in GFR: higher than +3 mL/min/y. RESULTS: Concordance correlation coefficient averaged 0.36 and limits of agreement ±10 mL/min/y, indicating very poor agreement between eGFR and mGFR slopes. The eGFR slope classified patients into the same group of mGFR slope only in 25% of the cases. In about two-thirds of patients, the eGFR slope was either markedly faster or slower than the mGFR slope. In half of these cases, the discrepancy between mGFR and eGFR slopes was ≥50%. CONCLUSIONS: Formulas are neither accurate nor precise in reflecting real GFR decline in renal transplant patients, making them unreliable for clinical practice and trials.
Subject(s)
Kidney Transplantation , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic , Creatinine , Glomerular Filtration Rate , Humans , Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
El sistema NADPH oxidasa es un complejo multiproteico encargado de producir especies reactivas del oxígeno (ROS, por reactive oxygen species) en diferentes células y tejidos. Es de gran importancia en las células fagocíticas (principalmente neutrófilos y macrófagos) porque participa en la destrucción de microorganismos patógenos, mediante la fagocitosis y la formación de las trampas extracelulares de neutrófilos (NET, por neutrophils extracelular traps), así como en la activación de procesos inflamatorios. Las alteraciones en la producción de ROS por parte de las células fagocíticas a causa de defectos genéticos en los componentes del sistema generan la inmunodeficiencia primaria denominada enfermedad granulomatosa crónica (EGC). Este es un artículo de revisión sobre los componentes del sistema NADPH oxidasa, su distribución celular, mecanismo de activación y acción, así como de las funciones que desempeña en otros tejidos. Además, se revisan los defectos moleculares que llevan a la EGC y el tratamiento de esta, incluyendo la terapia con IFNγ, y finalmente las perspectivas para el estudio del sistema.
The NADPH oxidase system is a multiprotein complex that acts as the main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in different cells and tissues. In phagocytic cells (mainly macrophages and neutrophils) it is essential for eliminating pathogenic microorganisms, by phagocytosis and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). It also contributes to inflammatory processes. Genetic defects in the components of the system cause alterations in the production of ROS by phagocytic cells, leading to the primary immunodeficiency known as chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). This is a review article on the components of the NADPH oxidase system, its cellular distribution, activation, mechanisms of action, and roles in other tissues. The different molecular defects that lead to EGC are also reviewed, as well as its treatment, including therapy with IFNγ, and the prospects for the study of the system.
