ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the association between prematurity (by the gestational week [gw]) and ADHD during childhood. Method: Observational, matched cohort study using data from children born in a tertiary-level hospital (Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Catalonia, Spain) during 1995-2007 and data from the Information System for the Development of Research in Primary Health Care (SIDIAP database, Catalonia, Spain). Results: Prevalence of ADHD increases as gestational age decreases, 12.7% for those born ≤28 gw, compared to 3.2% for those born after the 37 gw. The risk of developing ADHD in the non-premature children tends to increase as the gw decreases (35-36 gw, hazard ratio [HR] = 1.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.19, 2.44]; 33-34 gw, HR = 3.38, 95% CI [2.08, 5.50]; 29-32 gw, HR = 2.37, 95% CI [1.54, 3.63]; and ≤28 gw, HR = 5.57, 95% CI [2.49, 12.46]) Conclusion: Being born preterm is associated with a risk of developing ADHD, also in late preterm children (35-36 gw). Attention when taking care of these infants regarding their mental health must be made.
Subject(s)
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology , Child , Cohort Studies , Female , Gestational Age , Humans , Infant , Infant, Low Birth Weight , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Spain/epidemiologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: We aimed at describing the trends in antidepressants use (AD) by age and sex, during 2007-2011, in 5 European settings (Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Catalonia and Veneto), and to assess whether the differences found across settings could be related to economic, social and cultural determinants. METHODS: We collected data of AD use expressed in defined daily doses (DDD). Data were retrieved from population-based databases. We calculated DDD/1000 inhabitants/day. We analysed which economic, social, and cultural covariates determined between-settings differences in AD consumption. RESULTS: The use of AD showed an increasing trend during the study period, being Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors the most consumed, followed "others AD". Women and the elderly showed the highest AD consumption. Between-settings variability in AD consumption showed a positive correlation with pharmaceutical expenditure and a negative one with general practitioner's rate. After adjusting by pharmaceutical expenditure and general practitioners rate Masculinity, Long-Term Orientation and Individualism cultural dimensions were associated with AD use by using the Hofstede´s cultural dimensions model. LIMITATIONS: This study has been conducted in administrative databases, with no information on AD use by indication; differences among AD use could be related to their prescription for other disorders. Analyses were based on a small dataset and none of the results reached statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: AD use increased through 2007-2011. Pharmaceutical expenditure and General Practitioners rate, Masculinity, Long-Term Orientation and Individualism explained the differences in AD use between countries. People's attitude should be considered when designing national campaigns to improve antidepressant use.
Subject(s)
Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use , Cultural Characteristics , Depressive Disorder/drug therapy , Drug Utilization/statistics & numerical data , Age Factors , Aged , Antidepressive Agents/economics , Databases, Factual , Drug Utilization/economics , Female , Humans , Male , Masculinity , Prescription Fees , Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Sex Factors , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant , Foodborne Diseases/diagnosis , Foodborne Diseases/therapy , Beta vulgaris/adverse effects , Methemoglobinemia/diagnosis , Methemoglobinemia/etiologySubject(s)
Abscess/etiology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Myositis/etiology , Staphylococcal Infections/etiology , Abscess/drug therapy , Abscess/surgery , Cloxacillin/therapeutic use , Combined Modality Therapy , Disease Susceptibility , Drainage , Female , Humans , Leg , Middle Aged , Myositis/drug therapy , Myositis/surgery , Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy , Staphylococcal Infections/surgery , SuppurationABSTRACT
No disponible
