El uso de la metáfora en psicoterapia / No disponible

A lo largo de la historia se ha prestado gran atención alas metáforas, cuyo concepto clave es el traslado de unsignificado. Erickson es el ejemplo más representativodel uso del lenguaje metafórico como analogía de la problemáticadel paciente y desarrolló su uso terapéutico.Lo que distingue a la metáfora es que constituye unacomunicación simbólica expresamente diseñada conuna intención curativa o terapéutica.Las metáforas proporcionan mucho material para elanálisis porque cuando se utilizan las resistencias bajan.En este sentido se han usado en el del trastorno porestrés postraumático para llegar a un conflicto demasiadodoloroso. En el siguiente trabajo analizamos las indicacionesterapéuticas de la metáfora así como las dificultadesde su utilización. Revisaremos el uso de queellas han hecho las diferentes escuelas de psicoterapia,los objetivos de su empleo, y lo que no se debe hacer ala hora de trabajar con metáforas(AU)

Throughout history metaphors have been paid closeattention. The key concept in metaphors is the transferenceof a meaning. Erickson is the most representativeexample of the use of metaphorical language as an analogyof patient’s difficulties and he developed its therapeuticuse.What distinguishes metaphors is that they establish asymbolic way of communication specially designed fortherapeutic aim.Metaphors provide a wide range of material for analysisbecause defenses do down when they are used. In thissense, metaphors had been used in posttraumatic stressdisorder as a way to address an extremely painful conflict.In this paper the therapeutic utility of metaphors andthe difficulties of their use are analyzed. We present areview of the use of metaphors by the different psychotherapyschools, the objectives of their use and whatis not to be done when working with metaphors(AU)

Prevalencia de trastornos facticios con síntomas psicológicos en pacientes hospitalizados / Prevalence of factitious disorder with psychological symptoms in hospitalized patients

El trastorno facticio se caracteriza por la invención, producción o falsificación de síntomas físicos o psicológicos que simulan una enfermedad física o mental. Entre los pacientes psiquiátricos tanto ingresados como ambulatorios no es infrecuente observar síntomas que se sospecha que son facticios aunque nunca se llegue a confirmar esta sospecha. Tras establecer unos criterios de sospecha de trastorno facticio con síntomas psicológicos se observó que el 8% de los pacientes ingresados en una unidad de hospitalización psiquiátrica presentaban síntomas facticios. Los pacientes con este diagnóstico eran fundamentalmente mujeres y su media de edad fue de 36,2 años. Los síntomas de sospecha que más se observan son la respuesta poco congruente al tratamiento, el empeoramiento de los síntomas ante la perspectiva del alta, la desaparición de los síntomas rápidamente tras el ingreso y el establecimiento de relaciones intensas con otros pacientes o con el personal durante el ingreso. Aunque no es posible determinar con total exactitud el método utilizado en la producción facticia de los síntomas psicológicos, la estrecha observación de los pacientes permite deducir que el 75% de los pacientes exageran síntomas psicológicos presentes en la actualidad o en el pasado y por tanto experimentados en algún momento de la vida. La invención de síntomas psicológicos aparentemente no experimentados nunca por el paciente y la intervención deliberada con el tratamiento psiquiátrico para afectar la evolución de la enfermedad se observaron con menos frecuencia. El 25% de los pacientes con criterios de sospecha de trastorno facticio con síntomas psicológicos presentaron también síntomas somáticos considerados facticios durante el ingreso. El 62,5% de los pacientes con síntomas facticios establecieron relaciones intensas con otros pacientes (AU)

Factitious disorder is characterized by the invention, production or falsification of physical and psychological symptoms that feign a physical or mental illness. Although it is not rare to find symptoms that seem to be factitious among psychiatric patients (both outpatients and inpatients), we have never been able to confirm this suspicion. Once we had established the suspicion criteria for factitious disorder with psychological symptoms, we discovered that 8% of the patients admitted to an inpatient psychiatric unit had factitious symptoms. The patients were mostly women with a mean age of 36.2 years. The most frequent symptoms were non-consistent response to treatment, worsening of the symptoms when faced with the perspective of a discharge plan, disappearance of the symptoms just after being admitted and intense relationship with other patients or staff during the hospitalization. Although it is not possible to determine the method used in the factitious production of the psychological systems accurately, close observation of the patients helps to infer that 75 % of the patients exaggerate the psychological symptoms currently present or those occurring in the past and thus experienced at some time during their lifespan. Invention of psychological symptoms never felt before by the patient and deliberate intervention in the psychiatric treatment to modify the evolution of the illness were less frequent. A total of 25% of the patients with suspicion criteria for factitious disorder with psychological symptoms also had physical symptoms considered to be factitious during the hospitalization and 62% of patients with factitious symptoms developed intense relationships with other patients (AU)

Prevalence of factitious disorder with psychological symptoms in hospitalized patients.

Factitious disorder is characterized by the invention, production or falsification of physical and psychological symptoms that feign a physical or mental illness. Although it is not rare to find symptoms that seem to be factitious among psychiatric patients (both outpatients and inpatients), we have never been able to confirm this suspicion. Once we had established the suspicion criteria for factitious disorder with psychological symptoms, we discovered that 8% of the patients admitted to an inpatient psychiatric unit had factitious symptoms. The patients were mostly women with a mean age of 36.2 years. The most frequent symptoms were non-consistent response to treatment, worsening of the symptoms when faced with the perspective of a discharge plan, disappearance of the symptoms just after being admitted and intense relationship with other patients or staff during the hospitalization. Although it is not possible to determine the method used in the factitious production of the psychological systems accurately, close observation of the patients helps to infer that 75% of the patients exaggerate the psychological symptoms currently present or those occurring in the past and thus experienced at some time during their lifespan. Invention of psychological symptoms never felt before by the patient and deliberate intervention in the psychiatric treatment to modify the evolution of the illness were less frequent. A total of 25% of the patients with suspicion criteria for factitious disorder with psychological symptoms also had physical symptoms considered to be factitious during the hospitalization and 62% of patients with factitious symptoms developed intense relationships with other patients.