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Introduction: Brazil is a developing and an Upper Middle Income, categorized by the World Bank. Therefore, it is a country that needs a special vision for children with oncological diseases who require Pediatric Palliative Care. This study aimed to understand the specificities of services that provide oncology services in comparison to those that do not provide oncological care. Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional, and online survey study. A questionnaire was created by a multidisciplinary group of leaders from the Brazilian Pediatric Palliative Care Network and then the survey was distributed using a snowball strategy. Results: Of the 90 services that answered the questionnaire, 40 (44.4%) attended oncologic patients. The Southeast represented most of the services (57.57%), followed by the Northeast, with 18.89% (17 services), the South with 12.22% (11 services), and the Center West with 8.89% (8 services). No differences were observed in access to opioid prescriptions between the services. It was observed that those services that attended oncologic patients had a tendency to dedicate more time to Pediatric Palliative Care. Discussion: The distribution of services that cover oncology and those that do not, are similar in the different regions of Brazil. In Brazil, there are difficulties in accessing opioids in pediatrics: access to opioid prescriptions without differences revealed that even pediatric oncologists might have difficulty with this prescription, and this should improve. It is concluded that education in Pediatric Palliative Care is the key to improvements in the area.
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Resumo Enquadramento: A terapia electroconvulsiva (TEC) é parte do passado da enfermagem que precisa de ser conhecido, a fim de dar sentido às transformações nos saberes e práticas após a Reforma Psiquiátrica. Objetivo: Identificar os cuidados de enfermagem na aplicação da terapia electroconvulsiva em utentes internados num instituto psiquiátrico brasileiro entre 1980 e 1990. Metodologia: Investigação histórico-social em documentos escritos da instituição cenário e orais produzidos com profissionais de enfermagem, interpretados à luz do referencial foucaultiano. Resultados: Os cuidados de enfermagem foram definidos pela experiência quotidiana e realizados nos momentos pré, trans e pós a aplicação da terapia electroconvulsiva. A enfermagem não tinha formação profissional e agia por conta própria, aplicando a terapia para acalmar utentes agitados ou acompanhando a aplicação pelo médico, prestando cuidados para reduzir efeitos colaterais. Conclusão: Apesar do modelo manicomial, a aplicação da terapia electroconvulsiva contava com cuidados de enfermagem aos utentes para evitar efeitos indesejados. A enfermagem acompanhou o declínio da TEC na sociedade. Este estudo evidenciou características da TEC que não se adequam à prática contemporânea.
Abstract Background: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a part of Brazilian Nursing History that needs to be known to understand the evolution of knowledge and practice following the Psychiatric Reform. Objective: To identify nursing care for inpatients undergoing ECT at a Brazilian psychiatric institution between 1980 and 1990. Methodology: Social-historical study based on written documents from a Brazilian psychiatric institution and oral statements from nursing professionals, analyzed according to Foucault's framework. Results: Nursing care was defined based on everyday experiences and provided before, during, and after ECT. Nursing professionals had no professional training. They acted autonomously, administering ECT to calm agitated patients, or accompanied physicians' interventions, providing care to reduce the side effects of ECT. Conclusion: Despite being part of the asylum-style care model, ECT included nursing care to avoid unwanted effects. Nursing professionals witnessed the decline of ECT in society. The present study describes aspects of ECT that are inconsistent with today's practice.
Resumen Marco contextual: La terapia electroconvulsiva (TEC) forma parte del pasado de la enfermería que es necesario conocer para dar sentido a las transformaciones del conocimiento y la práctica tras la Reforma Psiquiátrica. Objetivo: Identificar los cuidados de enfermería en la aplicación de la terapia electroconvulsiva en pacientes ingresados en un instituto psiquiátrico brasileño entre 1980 y 1990. Metodología: Investigación histórico-social en documentos escritos de la institución y documentos orales producidos con profesionales de enfermería, interpretados según el referencial foucaultiano. Resultados: Los cuidados de enfermería se definieron por la experiencia diaria y se llevaron a cabo antes, durante y después de la terapia electroconvulsiva. El personal de enfermería no tenía formación profesional y actuaba por su cuenta, aplicando la terapia para calmar a los pacientes agitados o acompañando la aplicación del médico, proporcionando cuidados para reducir los efectos secundarios. Conclusión: A pesar del modelo de manicomio, la aplicación de la terapia electroconvulsiva contaba con cuidados de enfermería a los pacientes para evitar efectos no deseados. La enfermería ha seguido el declive de la TEC en la sociedad. Este estudio pone de manifiesto las características de la TEC que no se ajustan a la práctica contemporánea.
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OBJECTIVE: to reconstruct Ethel Parsons' biographical aspects in the centenary of the technical cooperation mission for nursing development in Brazil. METHOD: biographical research, carried out using the historical sources analysis method, which consists of reading and interpreting the collected documents. RESULTS: from a renowned family, Ethel Parsons was head of public health services and worked for the American Red Cross before being appointed to coordinate the Rockefeller Foundation mission in Brazil, where she inaugurated the Anglo-American model of nursing. For ten years, Parsons dedicated herself to leading such a mission, which resulted in implementation and dissemination, by decree, of the Anglo-American model of nursing. In 1931, she returned to her country, where she died in 1953. CONCLUSION: Ethel Parsons stood out in the 20th century as a woman and a nurse, leading public health care services in the USA and Brazil. Her biography demonstrates an ideal of professionalization and science to be conquered by nursing in the care and educational scenario, which influenced the design of a collective identity for Brazilian nursing.
Subject(s)
Leadership , Female , Humans , Brazil , History, 20th Century , United StatesABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: to reconstruct Ethel Parsons' biographical aspects in the centenary of the technical cooperation mission for nursing development in Brazil. Method: biographical research, carried out using the historical sources analysis method, which consists of reading and interpreting the collected documents. Results: from a renowned family, Ethel Parsons was head of public health services and worked for the American Red Cross before being appointed to coordinate the Rockefeller Foundation mission in Brazil, where she inaugurated the Anglo-American model of nursing. For ten years, Parsons dedicated herself to leading such a mission, which resulted in implementation and dissemination, by decree, of the Anglo-American model of nursing. In 1931, she returned to her country, where she died in 1953. Conclusion: Ethel Parsons stood out in the 20th century as a woman and a nurse, leading public health care services in the USA and Brazil. Her biography demonstrates an ideal of professionalization and science to be conquered by nursing in the care and educational scenario, which influenced the design of a collective identity for Brazilian nursing.
RESUMEN Objetivo: reconstruir aspectos biográficos de Ethel Parsons en el centenario de la misión de cooperación técnica para el desarrollo de la enfermería en Brasil. Método: investigación biográfica, realizada mediante el método de análisis de fuentes históricas, que consiste en la lectura e interpretación de los documentos recopilados. Resultados: de una familia renombrada, Ethel Parsons fue jefa de servicios de salud pública y trabajó para la Cruz Roja Americana antes de ser designada para coordinar la misión de la Fundación Rockefeller en Brasil, donde inauguró el modelo angloamericano de enfermería. Durante diez años, Parsons se dedicó a liderar tal misión, que resultó en la implementación y difusión, por decreto, del modelo angloamericano de enfermería. En 1931 regresó a su país, donde falleció en 1953. Conclusión: Ethel Parsons se destacó en el siglo XX como mujer y enfermera, al frente de los servicios públicos de salud en EUA y Brasil. Su biografía demuestra un ideal de profesionalización y ciencia a ser conquistado por la enfermería en el escenario asistencial y educativo, lo que influyó en el diseño de una identidad colectiva para la enfermería brasileña.
RESUMO Objetivo: reconstruir aspectos biográficos de Ethel Parsons no centenário da missão de cooperação técnica para o desenvolvimento da enfermagem no Brasil. Método: pesquisa biográfica, realizada pelo método de análise de fontes históricas, que consiste em leitura e interpretação dos documentos coletados. Resultados: de família renomada, Ethel Parsons ocupou chefias de serviços de saúde pública e atuou na Cruz Vermelha Americana antes de ser indicada para coordenar a missão da Fundação Rockefeller no Brasil, onde inaugurou o modelo anglo-americano de enfermagem. Por dez anos, Parsons se dedicou a liderar tal missão, que resultou na implantação e difusão, por força de decreto, do modelo anglo-americano de enfermagem. Em 1931, retornou a seu país, onde faleceu em 1953. Conclusão: Ethel Parsons se destacou no século XX como mulher e enfermeira, liderando serviços assistenciais de saúde pública nos EUA e no Brasil. Sua biografia demonstra um ideal de profissionalização e ciência a ser conquistado pela enfermagem no cenário assistencial e educacional, que influenciou no delineamento de uma identidade coletiva da enfermagem brasileira.
Subject(s)
Humans , Public Health , History of Nursing , Schools, Nursing , BiographyABSTRACT
Objetivo principal: Explorar los cuidados en los hijos de inmigrados y la relación enfermera-padres inmigrados. Metodología: Estudio de casos cualitativo con enfoque etnográfico. Observación en dos hospitales y un centro de atención primaria. Veinticuatro entrevistas semiestructuradas grabadas. Análisis cualitativo mediante comparaciones constantes. Resultados principales: Los resultados se articulan en tres grandes bloques: (1) Ser padre o madre inmigrado, (2) El sistema sanitario y los inmigrados, y (3) Los cuidados culturales. Conclusión principal: Se constataron diferencias en la percepción en relación a cuidados específicos como la higiene, el colecho, el método canguro, el cordón umbilical, la ropa, la lactancia materna y la alimentación. Factores como la barrera idiomática, los roles de género, los patrones familiares, entre otros, influyen en las diferencias encontradas. La relación inmigrante (padres) / profesionales viene determinada por la sociedad en la que ambos están inmersos (culturas de origen y culturas autóctonas) y el contexto institucional (culturas profesionales)
Objective: To explore the care provided to immigrant children and the relationships between nurses and immigrant parents within the Madrid health services (Spain). Methods: Qualitative case-study design with ethnographic approach. Field observations took place in two hospitals and a primary health care center. Twenty-four interviews were recorded and qualitative analysis of the data was conducted via the constant comparison method. Results: Results are shown in three sections: (1) Being an immigrant parent; (2) The health system and immigrants; and (3) Cultural care. Conclusions: The differences between the immigrant parents and the Spanish parents were centered on practices such as child hygiene, co-sleeping, the kangaroo-mother method, caring for the umbilical cord, clothing, and breastfeeding. The language barrier, gender roles, family composition and other socioeconomic factors influence the care. When studying the relationships between nurses and immigrants, the context in which these occur is highly relevant, and includes both the societal context and that of the health services
