Evaluación del uso adecuado de tecnologías de información y comunicación en adolescentes / Evaluation of the adequate use of information and communication technologies among adolescents

Objetivo: diseñar y evaluar la estructura, proceso y eficacia de una intervención educativa para fomentar el uso adecuado de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) en niños y niñas de 10-11 años de Torrijos (Toledo, España).Método: estudio cuasiexperimental pre-pos intervención en alumnado de 6º de Primaria de tres colegios. Se diseñó una intervención educativa de 90 minutos sobre ventajas y desventajas de las TIC. Tanto el alumnado como observadores externos evaluaron su estructura y proceso mediante cuestionarios ad-hoc. Su eficacia se evaluó mediante autocumplimentación de cuestionarios por el alumnado. Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas y de hábito de uso de TIC. Se emplearon las pruebas de Wilcoxon y McNemar para el análisis con significancia estadística p< 0,05.Resultados: participaron en la intervención 165 alumnos/as (52,7% chicas) de 11,2 años de media (DE= 0,46). El dispositivo más usado por las niñas fue la tablet (58,6%) y por los niños la consola (58,4%), haciendo estos un uso mayor (p< 0,001) jugando el 35,8% más de dos horas diarias. También consumían más Youtube y Twitch; ellas, TikTok y Snapchat (p< 0,001). La intervención no mostró cambios significativos en cuanto al número de horas de uso de internet ni redes sociales. El alumnado valoró positivamente la intervención y la posibilidad de expresarse libremente. Los observadores externos también valoraron positivamente la sesión en cuanto al clima percibido y la participación.Conclusiones: la intervención tuvo muy buena aceptabilidad y resultó positiva para el mantenimiento de hábitos de las TIC, aunque no mostró cambios en los hábitos de uso de las TIC posteriormente.(AU)

Objective: to design and evaluate the structure, process and efficacy of an educational intervention to encourage an adequate use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) among 10-to-11-year old children in Torrijos (Toledo, Spain).Method: a quasi-experimental pre-post-intervention study in 6º grade students from three Primary schools. A 90-minute educational intervention was designed about the advantages and disadvantages of ICTs. Both students and external observers evaluated its structure and process through ad-hoc questionnaires. Its efficacy was evaluated through questionnaires self-completed by the students. Sociodemographic variables were collected, as well as regarding the habits of ICT use. Wilcoxon and McNemar tests were used for analysis, with statistical significance p< 0.05.Results: the participation in the intervention was of 165 students (52.7% were girls) with a mean age of 11.2 years (SD= 0.46). The device most used by girls was the tablet (58,6%) and the console, by boys (58.4%), with a higher use by the latter (p< 0.001), where 35.8% played over two hours per day. There was also a higher use of YouTube and Twitch in boys, vs. TikTok and Snapchat in girls (p< 0.001). The intervention did not show any significant changes regarding the number of hours using internet or social networks. Students evaluated positively the intervention and the possibility to express themselves freely. External observers also valued the session positively, in terms of the mood perceived and participation.Conclusions: the intervention had very good acceptance and turned out positive for maintaining ICT habits, although no changes were shown subsequently in terms of habits of ICT use.(AU)

Repercusiones en pacientes crónicos de una Zona Básica de Salud de Toledo en la Pandemia COVID-19 / Impact on chronic patients in a Basic Health Zone of Toledo in the COVID-19 Pandemic

Introducción: Las personas con enfermedades crónicas son población vulnerable a la interrupción de la atención y al estrés producido con la pandemia por COVID-19. Se necesita reevaluar su riesgo cardiovascular postconfinamiento. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto del confinamiento y modificaciones en sistema de atención sanitaria en la salud de personas con enfermedades crónicas de una Zona Básica de Salud de Toledo durante la pandemia COVID-19. Métodos: Estudio analítico, observacional, longitudinal, retrospectivo. Pacientes con patologías crónicas. Muestra aleatoria 420. Revisión historias clínicas para recogida parámetros clínicos/metabólicos antes y después confinamiento; N.º y tipo visitas enfermería e ingresos hospitalarios antes, durante y después confinamiento. Resultados: Se evaluaron 349 historias. Edad media 65,36 y el 52,7% fueron hombres. Se encontró que tras el confinamiento hubo una disminución significativa de peso (p=0,046) y aumento de presión arterial diastólica (p=0,018) en toda la muestra. La disminución de peso fue mayor en mujeres, mayores de 65, hipertensos y personas con hiperlipidemias. En cuanto a variables clínicas que incrementaron sus cifras postconfinamiento, se observó aumento colesterol LDL en mayores de 65 (p=0,005). Aumento presión arterial diastólica en mujeres (p=0,005), mayores de 65 (p=0,022) e hipertensos (p=0,038), y aumento de presión arterial sistólica en mujeres (p=0,041). Aumento ingresos postconfinamiento (p=0,001); 57,1% de ingresos estuvo relacionado con su patología crónica y una disminución visitas enfermería durante y postconfinamiento (p=0,000). Conclusiones: Los pacientes crónicos han empeorado sus condiciones relacionadas con su patología durante y después del confinamiento. La atención presencial disminuida durante este período podría ser un factor que ha contribuido a esta situación. (AU)

Introduction: People with chronic diseases are vulnerable to disruption of care and stress with the COVID-19 pandemic. Their post-confinement cardiovascular risk needs to be reassessed. Objective: To assess the impact of confinement and modifications in health care system on the health of people with chronic diseases in a Basic Health Zone in Toledo during COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: Analytical, observational, longitudinal, retrospective study. Patients with chronic pathologies. Random sample 420. Review of clinical records to collect clinical/metabolic parameters before and after confinement. Number and type of nursing visits and hospital admissions before, during and after confinement. Results: 349 records were evaluated. Mean age 65.36 and 52.7% were men. It was found that after confinement there was a significant decrease in weight (p=0.046) and increase in diastolic blood pressure (p=0.018) in the whole sample. The decrease in weight was greater in women, patients aged >65 years, those with hypertension and those with hyperlipidemia. In terms of clinical variables that increased post-confinement figures, an increase in LDL cholesterol was observed in patients aged >65 (p=0.005). Increased diastolic blood pressure in women (p=0.005), patients aged >65 (p=0.022) and those with hypertension (p=0.038) and increased systolic blood pressure in women (p=0.041). Increased post-confinement admissions (p=0.001); 57.1% of admissions were related to their chronic pathology and a decrease in nursing visits during and post-confinement (p=0.000). Conclusions: Chronic patients have worsened conditions related to their pathology during and after confinement. Decreased face-to-face patient care during this period could be a contributing factor to this situation. (AU)

Influence of COVID-19 on treatment adherence and psychological well-being in a sample of hypertensive patients: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global health crisis. This situation has affected the general population, especially the most vulnerable populations such as individuals with cardiovascular diseases. The main objective of this study was to analyse adherence to treatment and psychological well-being in hypertensive patients before and after the COVID-19 lockdown in Spain. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed in a Basic Health Area of Toledo, Spain. Adherence and psychological well-being (resilience, self-esteem, and health-related quality of life [HRQoL]) were measured in hypertensive patients, a group of patients before the COVID-19 lockdown and, in another group after the COVID-19 lockdown using a heteroadministered and anonymous questionnaire. A factorial multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was applied for the outcome variables using pre- and post-COVID-19 lockdown assessment, gender, and age (< 65 years-old vs. ≥ 65 years-old) as independent variables. Univariate F follow-up tests were conducted within the multivariate significant overall differences. RESULTS: The sample of the present study included 331 hypertensive patients. The mean age was 67.68 years (SD = 10.94). Women comprise 53.5% of the sample and men account for the remaining 46.5%. A total of 144 questionnaires were collected before the COVID-19 pandemic and 187 questionnaires were collected after the onset of the pandemic and once the lockdown was over. MANOVA showed significant main effects for pandemic lockdown (F = 13.383, p < 0.001,) age group (F = 3.74, p = 0.003) and gender (F = 8.85, p < 0.001). Therapeutic adherence decreased after the lockdown (F = 15.393, p < 0.001). However, scores on resilience (F = 17.771, p < 0.001), self-esteem (F = 4.789, p = 0.029), and physical component of HRQoL (F = 13.448, p < 0.001) increased after the lockdown. Regarding age, the univariate test showed a significant effect for the physical component of HRQoL, with scores decreasing in those aged ≥ 65 years (F = 9.375, p = 0.002). Regarding gender, women scored lower on resilience (F = 20.280 p < 0.001), self-esteem (F = 18.716, p < 0.001), the physical component of HRQoL (F = 5.722, p = 0.017), and the mental component of HRQoL (F = 28.912, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic had a negative effect on treatment adherence of hypertensive patients in Spain. However, variables related to psychological well-being have increased in these patients, which may serve as a protective factor against pandemic stress.

Autoeficacia percibida de personas cuidadoras familiares de la Zona Básica de Salud de Torrijos / Self-efficacy perceived by caregivers to relatives in the Torrijos Basic Health Area

Objetivo: determinar el nivel de autoeficacia percibida de personas cuidadoras familiares de la Zona Básica de Salud (ZBS) de Torrijos (Toledo, España), describiendo la repercusión de variables sociodemográficas y de cuidado en la autoeficacia. Identificar la influencia de la sobrecarga, la autoestima y la utilización de servicios sociosanitarios en la autoeficacia. Metodología: estudio descriptivo transversal (nov 2020- mar 2021). Se incluyeron personas adultas cuidadoras de la ZBS mediante muestreo de conveniencia a través de personal sanitario. Se midieron variables sociodemográficas de la persona cuidadora y cuidada, autoeficacia percibida (escala revisada de autoeficacia para el cuidado: alta/ baja), sobrecarga del cuidador (escala de Zarit: sin, sobrecarga, sobrecarga intensa), autoestima (escala de Rosenberg: mín.10 a máx. 40) y uso de servicios sociosanitarios, mediante cuestionario heteroadministrado. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y bivariantes. Resultados: participaron 88 personas (83% mujeres, 56,8% hijas, edad media de 61 años, con dedicación media al cuidado de 16 horas diarias). El 33% tenía sobrecarga y una autoestima media de 37,6 sobre 40. El 58% utilizaba algún servicio sociosanitario. El 53,3% mostró alta autoeficacia. Tuvieron mayor autoeficacia quienes compartían cuidados con otras personas (p= 0,01), percibían apoyo (p= 0,02) y cuidaban a mujeres (p= 0,03). Las personas con alta autoeficacia habían dedicado menos meses al cuidado (p< 0,05), tenían menor sobrecarga y realizaron más consultas con el personal de Enfermería tras la pandemia. No hubo asociación entre la utilización de servicios sociosanitarios con la autoeficacia ni la sobrecarga. Conclusiones: la percepción de apoyo, la presencia de más cuidadores y cuidar a mujeres se asociaron a mayor autoeficacia. Existió una asociación negativa entre autoeficacia y sobrecarga.(AU)

Objective: to determine the level of self-efficacy perceived by caregivers to relatives in the Torrijos Basic Health Area (Toledo, Spain), describing the impact of sociodemographic and care variables on self-efficacy. To identify the influence on self-efficacy of overload, self-esteem, and the use of sociosanitary services. Methodology: a descriptive cross-sectional study (November 2020-March 2021). Adult caregivers from the BHA were included by convenience sampling through healthcare staff. The sociodemographic variables of the caregiver and of the person cared for were measured, as well as their perceived self-efficacy (revised self-efficacy scale for care: high / low), caregiver overload (Zarits scale: without, overload, intense overload), self-esteem (Rosenberg scale: minimum 10 to maximum 40) and use of sociosanitary services through self-administered hetero questionnaire. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were conducted. Results: the study included 88 persons (83% were female, 56.8% daughters, 61 years as mean age, with a mean dedication to care of 16 hours per day). Of these, 33% had overload and a mean self-esteem of 37.6 over 40; 58% used some sociosanitary service; and 53.3% showed high self-efficacy. There was higher self-efficacy in those who shared care with other persons (p= 0.01), perceived support (p= 0.02) and cared for women (p= 0.03). Those persons with high self-efficacy had dedicated fewer months to care (p< 0.05), had lower overload and conducted more consultations with the Nursing staff after the pandemics. There was no association between the use of sociosanitary services and self-efficacy or overload. Conclusions: the perception of support, the presence of more caregivers and caring for women were associated with higher self-efficacy. There was a negative association between self-efficacy and overload.(AU)

[Perception of the risk of drugs consumption in teenagers of our environment]. / Consumo de drogas en los adolescentes: percepción del riesgo.

OBJECTIVE: To know the perception of the risk of drugs consumption and its influence in the attitudes and behaviors of the pupils of Second Year in the High Schools in Torrijos (Toledo). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Qualitative descriptive study made from April to July 2010 two High Schools in Torrijos by nurses who have worked in the Health Centre. The sample consisted of sixteen pupils taken from the lists were provided by teachers of the High School. The data was obtained making four group interviews distributed according to the gender; the speech saturation was got with these interviews. There are made categories of information after analyzing the contents. RESULTS AND DISCUSION: The teenagers know most of the drugs but alcohol and tobacco are not identified like a drug. They connect the beginning of the High School with first contact with the drugs. The most important reasons for the beginning of the consumption are invulnerability feelings and pressure of the groups. There is evidence of more consumption in males. The most important negative effects are considered risky sexual relations, traffic accidents and giving up studies. They ask for more accessibility of health services. CONCLUSIONS: The health strategies should tend to the expectations of the teenagers and not only to give information. A prevention program of the drugs consumption must include aspects to promote the development of personal abilities and reinforce their capacities of facing up to drugs.

Consumo de drogas en los adolescentes. Percepción del riesgo / Perception of the risk of drugs consumption in teenagers of our environment

Objetivo. Conocer la percepción del riesgo del consumo de drogas y su influencia en las actitudes y conductas en los alumnos de 2º de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria de los institutos de Torrijos (Toledo). Material y métodos. Estudio cualitativo descriptivo realizado entre abril y julio de 2010 en dos institutos de educación secundaria de Torrijos por enfermeras del Centro de Salud. Muestra de dieciséis alumnos seleccionados de listados proporcionados por informantes claves de los institutos. Los datos se obtuvieron con la realización de cuatro entrevistas grupales distribuidas según género, con las que se alcanzó la saturación del discurso. Se realizó un análisis de contenido categorial temático. Resultados y discusión. Los adolescentes conocen la mayoría de drogas pero no identifican alcohol y tabaco como tales. Relacionan el comienzo del instituto con el primer contacto con las mismas. Las causas principales del inicio del consumo son el sentimiento de invulnerabilidad y la presión de iguales. Se evidencia un mayor consumo en chicos. Las repercusiones negativas más destacadas son relaciones sexuales de riesgo, accidentes de tráfico y abandono de estudios. Demandan mayor accesibilidad y un espacio físico al que acudir para solventar dudas. Conclusiones. Las estrategias sanitarias deberían ir encaminadas a cubrir las expectativas de los adolescentes y no solo limitarnos a proporcionar información. Un programa para prevención de consumo de drogas debe incluir aspectos que promuevan el desarrollo de habilidades personales y refuercen capacidades de afrontamiento frente al consumo de drogas(AU)

Objective. To know the perception of the risk of drugs consumption and its influence in the attitudes and behaviors of the pupils of Second Year in the High Schools in Torrijos (Toledo). Materials and methods. Qualitative descriptive study made from April to July 2010 two High Schools in Torrijos by nurses who have worked in the Health Centre. The sample consisted of sixteen pupils taken from the lists were provided by teachers of the High School. The data was obtained making four group interviews distributed according to the gender; the speech saturation was got with these interviews. There are made categories of information after analyzing the contents. Results and discusion. The teenagers know most of the drugs but alcohol and tobacco are not identified like a drug. They connect the beginning of the High School with first contact with the drugs. The most important reasons for the beginning of the consumption are invulnerability feelings and pressure of the groups. There is evidence of more consumption in males. The most important negative effects are considered risky sexual relations, traffic accidents and giving up studies. They ask for more accessibility of health services. Conclusions. The health strategies should tend to the expectations of the teenagers and not only to give information. A prevention program of the drugs consumption must include aspects to promote the development of personal abilities and reinforce their capacities of facing up to drugs(AU)