ABSTRACT
CONTEXT: Yebes 40m radio telescope is the main and largest observing instrument at Yebes Observatory and it is devoted to Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) and single dish observations since 2010. It has been covering frequency bands between 2 GHz and 90 GHz in discontinuous and narrow windows in most of the cases, to match the current needs of the European VLBI Network (EVN) and the Global Millimeter VLBI Array (GMVA). AIMS: Nanocosmos project, a European Union funded synergy grant, opened the possibility to increase the instantaneous frequency coverage to observe many molecular transitions with single tunnings in single dish mode. This reduces the observing time and maximises the output from the telescope. METHODS: We present the technical specifications of the recently installed 31.5 - 50GHz (Q band) and 72 - 90.5 GHz (W band) receivers along with the main characteristics of the telescope at these frequency ranges. We have observed IRC+10216, CRL 2688 and CRL 618, which harbour a rich molecular chemistry, to demonstrate the capabilities of the new instrumentation for spectral observations in single dish mode. RESULTS: The results show the high sensitivity of the telescope in the Q band. The spectrum of IRC+10126 offers a signal to noise ratio never seen before for this source in this band. On the other hand, the spectrum normalised by the continuum flux towards CRL 618 in the W band demonstrates that the 40 m radio telescope produces comparable results to those from the IRAM 30 m radio telescope, although with a smaller sensitivity. The new receivers fulfil one of the main goals of Nanocosmos and open the possibility to study the spectrum of different astrophysical media with unprecedented sensitivity.
ABSTRACT
CONTEXT: Asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars go through a process of strong mass loss that involves pulsations of the atmosphere, which extends to a region in which the conditions are adequate for dust grains to form. Radiation pressure acts on these grains which, coupled to the gas, drive a massive outflow. The details of this process are not clear, including which molecules are involved in the condensation of dust grains. AIMS: We seek to study the role of the SiO molecule in the process of dust formation and mass loss in M-type AGB stars. METHODS: Using the IRAM NOEMA interferometer we observed the 28SiO and 29SiO J = 3 - 2, v = 0 emission from the inner circumstellar envelope of the evolved stars IK Tau and IRC+10011. We computed azimuthally averaged emission profiles to compare the observations to models using a molecular excitation and ray-tracing code for SiO thermal emission. RESULTS: We observe circular symmetry in the emission distribution. We also find that the source diameter varies only marginally with radial velocity, which is not the expected behaviour for envelopes expanding at an almost constant velocity. The adopted density, velocity, and abundance laws, together with the mass-loss rate, which best fit the observations, give us information concerning the chemical behaviour of the SiO molecule and its role in the dust formation process. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that there is a strong coupling between the depletion of gas-phase SiO and gas acceleration in the inner envelope. This could be explained by the condensation of SiO into dust grains.
ABSTRACT
CONTEXT: The variability in IRC+10216, the envelope of the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star CW Leo, has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Studying the details of this variability in the molecular emission required a systematic observation program. AIMS: We aim to reveal and characterize the periodical variability of the rotational lines from several molecules and radicals in IRC+10216, and to compare it with previously reported IR variability. METHODS: We carried out systematic monitoring within the ~80 to 116 GHz frequency range with the IRAM 30m telescope. RESULTS: We report on the periodical variability in IRC+10216 of several rotational lines from the following molecules and radicals: HC3N, HC5N, CCH, C4H, C5H, and CN. The analysis of the variable molecular lines provides periods that are consistent with previously reported IR variability, and interesting phase lags are revealed that point toward radiative transfer and pumping, rather than chemical effects. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that observations of several lines of a given molecule have to be performed simultaneously or at least at the same phase in order to avoid erroneous interpretation of the data. In particular, merging ALMA data from different epochs may prove to be difficult, as shown by the example of the variability we studied here. Moreover, radiative transfer codes have to incorporate the effect of population variability in the rotational levels in CW Leo.
ABSTRACT
Existe una relación entre las enfermedades tiroideas y las alteraciones de la hemostasia primaria y secundaria. La asociación más repetida en esta línea son los estados de hipocoagulabilidad con el hipotiroidismo clínico y la trombofilia vascular (hipercoagulabilidad y/o hipofibrinólisis) con el hipertiroidismo. Sin embargo, existen estudios recientes que han detectado alteraciones de la hemostasia -primaria y secundaria- relacionadas con enfermedades tiroideas con hormonas normales, evidenciando otros mecanismos patogénicos aún desconocidos. Presentamos el caso de 2 pacientes con enfermedades tiroideas que requerían cirugía: un bocio multinodular y un carcinoma papilar de tiroides, ambos con hormonas normales y que presentaron trastornos de la hemostasia descubiertos en el estudio preoperatorio, revelando un déficit de factor vii y un déficit de factor xi junto con una trombopatía no filiada, respectivamente (AU)
There is a relationship between thyroid diseases and primary and secondary changes in haemostasis. The most frequent association between them are hypocoagulability states with clinical hypothyroidism and vascular thrombophilia (hypercoagulability and/or hypofibrinolysis) with hyperparathyroidism. However, there are recent studies that have detected changes in haemostasis -primary and secondary- associated with thyroid diseases with normal hormone levels, suggesting other pathogenic mechanisms not yet known. The cases are presented of 2 patients with thyroid disease that required surgery: one multinodular goitre and one papillary carcinoma of the thyroid, both with normal hormone levels. They were shown to have haemostasis disorders during the preoperative work up. These showed a Factor VII deficiency and a Factor XI deficiency along with a thrombotic disease of unknown origin, respectively (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Thyroid Diseases/complications , Thyroid Diseases/drug therapy , Hemostasis , Thrombosis/complications , Thrombosis/physiopathology , Blood Coagulation Disorders/complications , Blood Coagulation Disorders/drug therapy , Anesthesia, General/methods , Hyperthyroidism/complications , Goiter, Nodular/complications , Goiter, Nodular/drug therapy , Goiter, Nodular/surgery , Carcinoma, Papillary/drug therapy , Carcinoma, Papillary/surgery , Factor X Deficiency/chemically induced , Factor X Deficiency/complicationsABSTRACT
There is a relationship between thyroid diseases and primary and secondary changes in haemostasis. The most frequent association between them are hypocoagulability states with clinical hypothyroidism and vascular thrombophilia (hypercoagulability and/or hypofibrinolysis) with hyperparathyroidism. However, there are recent studies that have detected changes in haemostasis -primary and secondary- associated with thyroid diseases with normal hormone levels, suggesting other pathogenic mechanisms not yet known. The cases are presented of 2 patients with thyroid disease that required surgery: one multinodular goitre and one papillary carcinoma of the thyroid, both with normal hormone levels. They were shown to have haemostasis disorders during the preoperative work up. These showed a Factor VII deficiency and a Factor XI deficiency along with a thrombotic disease of unknown origin, respectively.
Subject(s)
Thrombosis , Thyroid Diseases , Carcinoma, Papillary , Goiter, Nodular , Hemostasis , HumansABSTRACT
Severe trauma is the principle cause of death among young people in developed countries, with the main causes being due to road traffic accidents and accidents at work. The principle cause of death in severe trauma is the massive uncontrolled loss of blood. Most of the severe traumas with a massive haemorrhage develop coagulopathy, with some controversy over what is the best treatment for this. Patients with severe trauma are complex patients; they have a high mortality, they consume a significant amount of sources and can require rapid, intensive and multidisciplinary treatment encompassed within the concept of resuscitation damage control. In this article we attempt to present a current view of the pathophysiology of severe trauma and resuscitation damage control that may be applied to these types of patients.
Subject(s)
Resuscitation , Wounds and Injuries/therapy , Blood Coagulation Disorders/complications , Blood Coagulation Disorders/therapy , Humans , Hypotension/etiology , Hypotension/therapy , Injury Severity Score , Resuscitation/methods , Wounds and Injuries/complications , Wounds and Injuries/physiopathologyABSTRACT
Severe trauma is the principle cause of death among young people in developed countries, with the main causes being due to road traffic accidents and accidents at work. The principle cause of death in severe trauma is the massive uncontrolled loss of blood. Most of the severe traumas with a massive haemorrhage develop coagulopathy, with some controversy over what is the best treatment for this. Patients with severe trauma are complex patients; they have a high mortality, they consume a significant amount of sources and can require rapid, intensive and multidisciplinary treatment encompassed within the concept of resuscitation damage control. In this article we attempt to present a current view of the pathophysiology of severe trauma and resuscitation damage control that may be applied to these types of patients(AU)
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Wounds and Injuries/drug therapy , Accidents, Traffic/mortality , Accidents, Traffic/trends , Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation/complications , Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation/drug therapy , Accidents, Traffic/statistics & numerical data , Wounds and Injuries/physiopathology , Wounds and Injuries , Multiple Trauma/drug therapyABSTRACT
El uso cada día más extendido de los anticoagulantes orales ha llevado al aumento del número de complicaciones con las que diariamente se enfrentan los servicios de urgencias (SU). El concentrado de complejo protrombínico (CCP) constituye una importante opción terapéutica cuando es urgente la reversión de la anticoagulación, ya que actúa de forma más rápida y completa que el plasma fresco congelado (PFC). A través del siguiente caso clínico, se revisa el uso e indicaciones del CCP en pacientes anticoagulados, y su utilización en procesos hemorrágicos intracraneales donde la rapidez de instauración del tratamiento es fundamental (AU)
The use of oral anticoagulants is increasing, leading to a rise in the number of complications emergency health services must cope with. A review of the literature showed that prothrombin complex is an important therapeutic option when emergency reversion of anticoagulation is required, as it acts more quickly and completely than fresh frozen plasma. In this case report we review the use and indications of prothrombin complex in patients on oral anticoagulants, noting that rapid onset of effect is particularly important in cases of intracerebral hemorrhage (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prothrombin/therapeutic use , Anticoagulants/adverse effects , Emergency Treatment/methods , Intracranial Hemorrhages/complications , Drug Overdose/drug therapy , Vitamin K/antagonists & inhibitorsSubject(s)
Airway Obstruction/diagnosis , Anesthesiology/methods , Dysphonia/etiology , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Preoperative Care/methods , Airway Obstruction/complications , Airway Obstruction/therapy , Algorithms , Anesthesiology/standards , Anthropometry , Cohort Studies , Head Movements , Humans , Posture , Predictive Value of Tests , Research Design , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Airway Obstruction/diagnosis , Airway Obstruction/etiology , Pharyngeal Diseases/cerebrospinal fluid , Pharyngeal Diseases/diagnosis , Predictive Value of Tests , Oropharynx/pathology , Oropharynx/physiopathology , Phonation/physiologyABSTRACT
Artificial nutrition support forms part of the basic care of critical patients. Enteral feeding has been shown to be better than total parenteral nutrition at improving morbidity (infectious complications) and reducing the length of hospital stays, number of days with mechanical ventilation, and costs. As with any other treatment, enteral feeding has associated complications and side effects which should be understood and treated in order to obtain the greatest benefit from it and reduce possible adverse effects. In this review, we attempt to provide a practical summary of the use of enteral feeding in critical patients. We cover the management of the most frequent associated complications, based on new studies and current scientific evidence. The review is intended to serve as a practice guide for the routine care of severely ill patients.
Subject(s)
Critical Care/methods , Enteral Nutrition , Acute Disease , Acute Kidney Injury/therapy , Calorimetry, Indirect , Contraindications , Enteral Nutrition/adverse effects , Enteral Nutrition/methods , Food, Formulated/adverse effects , Food, Formulated/analysis , Gastrointestinal Diseases/etiology , Gastrointestinal Diseases/prevention & control , Gastrointestinal Diseases/therapy , Humans , Immune System/drug effects , Jejunum , Liver Failure/therapy , Nutritional Requirements , Pancreatitis/therapy , Pneumonia, Aspiration/etiology , Pneumonia, Aspiration/prevention & control , Sepsis/therapy , Stomach , Wounds and Injuries/therapyABSTRACT
El soporte nutricional artificial forma parte del cuidadobásico del paciente crítico. La nutrición enteral(NE) se ha mostrado superior a la nutrición parenteraltotal (NPT) en la mejoría de la morbilidad (complicacionesinfecciosas), y en la reducción de la estancia hospitalaria,días de ventilación mecánica y costes.Como cualquier otro tratamiento, la NE no está exentade complicaciones y efectos secundarios, que debemosconocer y tratar para obtener el máximo beneficio deésta y disminuir en lo posible los efectos adversos.En esta revisión intentamos resumir de manera prácticael uso de la NE en el paciente crítico, así como elmanejo de las complicaciones más frecuentes que podemosencontrar en relación con dicha nutrición en base alas nuevas publicaciones y la evidencia científica existente,de manera que pueda servir como Guía de actuaciónal profesional en la asistencia diaria al paciente gravementeenfermo (AU)
Artificial nutrition support forms part of thebasic care of critical patients. Enteral feeding has beenshown to be better than total parenteral nutrition atimproving morbidity (infectious complications) andreducing the length of hospital stays, number of days withmechanical ventilation, and costs. As with any othertreatment, enteral feeding has associated complicationsand side effects which should be understood and treatedin order to obtain the greatest benefit from it and reducepossible adverse effects. In this review, we attempt toprovide a practical summary of the use of enteral feedingin critical patients. We cover the management of the mostfrequent associated complications, based on new studiesand current scientific evidence. The review is intended toserve as a practice guide for the routine care of severely illpatients (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Enteral Nutrition/methods , Critical Illness/therapy , Critical Care/methods , Enteral Nutrition , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Nutritional StatusABSTRACT
OBJETIVOS: Conocer la frecuencia, etiología, factores deriesgo, y mortalidad relacionados con la infección del tractourinario (ITU) en una Unidad de Reanimación.MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio prospectivo de los años1998-2003, ambos inclusive, de todos los pacientes coningreso superior a 48 horas y con seguimiento hasta las 48horas posteriores al alta de una unidad de cuidados críticospolivalentes de 12 camas. Análisis descriptivo, univariantey multivariable con regresión de Cox para los episodiosde ITU nosocomiales.RESULTADOS: La densidad de incidencia de ITU asociadaa sondaje vesical es de 8,4 por 1.000 pacientes-día. Lospatógenos aislados con más frecuencia en los pacientes conbacteriuria son Candida albicans y Escherichia coli. El germenaislado con más frecuencia en las ITU de los pacientestraumáticos es Escherichia coli, mientras que Candidaalbicans predomina en la cohorte de pacientes postquirúrgicos.Tras el análisis multivariable, tres son los factores deriesgo hallados: grado de severidad a la admisión, duraciónde la cateterización y la presencia de diabetes mellitas.El riesgo de mortalidad en pacientes con sondaje urinarioe ITU es de 2,20.CONCLUSIONES: Las ITU tienen consecuencias potencialmentegraves y son responsables de sobremortalidad. Sedesconoce su importancia real y probablemente se lasubestima pese a la publicación de múltiples estudios. Secomprueba que la microbiología de la ITU de las cohortestraumáticas y postquirúrgicas es marcadamente diferenteen nuestra unidad (AU)
OBJETIVE: To analyze the frequency, etiology, riskfactors, and mortality relating to urinary tract infection(UTI) in a postoperative recovery unit.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study wascarried out from 1998 through 2003 of all patients whostayed longer than 48 hours in a 12-bed critical care unitand who were followed to 48 hours following dischargefrom the unit. A descriptive statistics were compiled andunivariate and multiple variable Cox regression analyseswere performed for episodes of nosocomial UTI.RESULTS: The incidence density for UTI associated withbladder catheterization was 8.4 cases per 1000 patientdays.The pathogens most frequently isolated in patientswith bacteriuria were Candida albicans and Escherichiacoli. The pathogen most frequently isolated in UTI intrauma patients was E coli, whereas C albicans was mostoften found in the postoperative patients. Multivariableanalysis identified 3 risk factors: degree of severity onadmission, duration of catheterization, and presence ofdiabetes mellitus. The mortality risk in patients withbladder catheterization and UTI was 2.20.CONCLUSIONS: UTIs can have serious consequences andare responsible for excess mortality. The real importanceof UTI is unknown and is probably underestimateddespite the publication of many studies. We found that theUTI microbiology findings were markedly different for thetrauma and postoperative cohorts in our department (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Urinary Tract Infections/epidemiology , Bacteriuria/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Cross Infection/epidemiology , Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data , Diabetes Complications , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Pregnancy , Adult , Female , Humans , Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic , Cesarean Section , Anesthesia, Epidural , Factor XI Deficiency , Subarachnoid Space , Blood Loss, Surgical , Anesthesia, Obstetrical , Postpartum HemorrhageSubject(s)
Anesthesia, Inhalation , Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/surgery , Hallucinations/etiology , Narcolepsy , Parasomnias/etiology , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Anesthesia Recovery Period , Anesthesia, Inhalation/adverse effects , Antiemetics/therapeutic use , Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/complications , Apnea/prevention & control , Disorders of Excessive Somnolence/prevention & control , Femoral Artery/surgery , Fentanyl , Humans , Isoflurane , Male , Middle Aged , Monitoring, Intraoperative , Narcolepsy/complications , Ondansetron/therapeutic use , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Propofol , Sleep Paralysis/prevention & controlABSTRACT
No disponible
