ABSTRACT
The muscle fiber ultrastructure in Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies (IIM) has been scarcely explored, especially in Inclusion Body Myositis. The aim of this study was to implement the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) in a small cohort of IIM patients, together with the characterization of immunological profile for a better understanding of the pathophysiology. For immunological profile characterization, we identified the presence of autoantibodies (Ro-52, OJ, EJ, PL7, PL12, SRP, Jo-1, PMScl75, PMScl100, Ku, SAE1, NXP2, MDA5, TIF1γ, Mi-2α, Mi-2ß) and quantified cytokines (IL-1ß, IFN-α2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17A, IL-18, IL-23, IL-33) and chemokines (CCL2, CXCL8). The histological analysis was made by hematoxylin-eosin staining while the muscle fiber ultrastructure was characterized by SEM. We observed changes in the morphology and structure of the muscle fiber according to muscle strength and muscle enzymes. We were able to find and describe muscle fiber ultrastructure with marked irregularities, porosities, disruption in the linearity and integrity of the fascicle, more evident in patients with increased serum levels of muscle enzymes and diminished muscle strength. Despite the scarce reports about the use of SEM as a tool in all clinical phenotypes of IIM, our work provides an excellent opportunity to discuss and reframe the clinical usefulness of SEM in the diagnostic approach of IIM.
Subject(s)
Interleukin-17 , Myositis , Humans , Interleukin-33 , Interleukin-10 , Interleukin-18 , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha , Eosine Yellowish-(YS) , Hematoxylin , Interleukin-6 , Autoantibodies , Muscle Strength , Interleukin-23ABSTRACT
The appearance of a new coronavirus, which has caused the collapse of health systems around the world, has led to the emergence of numerous investigations looking for the ideal treatment and proper management of this new entity, since its control has become impossible and its cure an international necessity. To date, there are hundreds of articles and clinical trials to review. For this reason, in an attempt to facilitate the reader's knowledge of the new evidence and in summary form, the different therapies studied so far are presented in this article: their antiviral and adverse effects. Without forgetting that there are still doubts to be resolved and this process of new knowledge is just beginning.
La aparición de un nuevo coronavirus, causante del colapso de los sistemas de salud de todo el mundo, ha provocado el surgimiento de cuantiosas investigaciones en busca del tratamiento ideal y un adecuado manejo a esta nueva entidad, ya que su control se ha vuelto imposible y su cura una necesidad internacional. Hasta la fecha existen cientos de artículos y ensayos clínicos por revisar. Por ello, en un intento por facilitar al lector el entendimiento de la nueva evidencia y en forma de resumen, se exponen en el presente artículo las distintas terapias estudiadas hasta el momento: sus efectos antivirales y adversos. Sin olvidar que aún quedan varias incógnitas por resolver y este proceso de nuevo conocimiento apenas comienza.