ABSTRACT
The Pseudomonas aeruginosa genome can change to adapt to different ecological niches. We compared four genomes from a Mexican hospital and 59 genomes from GenBank from different niches, such as urine, sputum, and environmental. The ST analysis showed that high-risk STs (ST235, ST773, and ST27) were present in the genomes of the three niches from GenBank, and the STs of Mexican genomes (ST167, ST2731, and ST549) differed from the GenBank genomes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the genomes were clustering according to their ST and not their niche. When analyzing the genomic content, we observed that environmental genomes had genes involved in adapting to the environment not found in the clinics and that their mechanisms of resistance were mutations in antibiotic resistance-related genes. In contrast, clinical genomes from GenBank had resistance genes, in mobile/mobilizable genetic elements in the chromosome, except for the Mexican genomes that carried them mostly in plasmids. This was related to the presence of CRISPR-Cas and anti-CRISPR; however, Mexican strains only had plasmids and CRISPR-Cas. blaOXA-488 (a variant of blaOXA50) with higher activity against carbapenems was more prevalent in sputum genomes. The virulome analysis showed that exoS was most prevalent in the genomes of urinary samples and exoU and pldA in sputum samples. This study provides evidence regarding the genetic variability among P. aeruginosa isolated from different niches.
ABSTRACT
blaIMP and blaVIM are the most detected plasmid-encoded carbapenemase genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Previous studies have reported plasmid sequences carrying blaIMP variants, except blaIMP-56. In this study, we aimed to characterize a plasmid carrying blaIMP-56 in a P. aeruginosa strain isolated from a Mexican hospital. The whole genome of P. aeruginosa strain PE52 was sequenced using Illumina Miseq 2 × 150 bp, with 5 million paired-end reads. We characterized a 27 kb plasmid (pPE52IMP) that carried blaIMP-56. The phylogenetic analysis of RepA in pPE52IMP and 33 P. aeruginosa plasmids carrying resistance genes reported in the GenBank revealed that pPE52IMP and four plasmids (pMATVIM-7, unnamed (FDAARGOS_570), pD5170990, and pMRVIM0713) were in the same clade. These closely related plasmids belonged to the MOBP11 subfamily and had similar backbones. Another plasmid (p4130-KPC) had a similar backbone to pPE52IMP; however, its RepA was truncated. In these plasmids, the resistance genes blaKPC-2, blaVIM variants, aac(6')-Ib4, blaOXA variants, and blaIMP-56 were inserted between phd and resolvase genes. This study describes a new family of plasmids carrying resistance genes, with a similar backbone, the same RepA, and belonging to the MOBP11 subfamily in P. aeruginosa. In addition, our characterized plasmid harboring blaIMP-56 (pPE52IMP) belongs to this family.
ABSTRACT
Los universitarios constituyen un grupo de riesgo para la ansiedad por sus exigencias psicológicas, sociales, académicas y elevado estrés. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la prevalencia de ansiedad en estudiantes de una universidad privada de Medellín y su asociación con aspectos sociodemográficos y académicos. El método de estudio de prevalencia se llevó a cabo con 200 estudiantes seleccionados mediante muestreo probabilístico estratificado. La tamización de ansiedad se realizó con la escala de Zung. Se evaluó la fiabilidad de la escala con el a de Cronbach, el análisis se realizó con medidas de resumen, frecuencias, U de Mann Whitney y chi cuadrado, en SPSS 21®. Los resultados evidencian que la prevalencia de ansiedad fue 58 %. La escala de Zung presentó una excelente fiabilidad con a de Cronbach de 0,8. La prevalencia de ansiedad presentó una distribución estadísticamente igual según el sexo y el grupo etario; no se halló asociación con el ciclo de formación, el programa académico, la edad, los créditos matriculados, ni la ocupación. La ansiedad fue estadísticamente menor en los estudiantes de clase media. Se halló una elevada prevalencia de ansiedad, lo que pone de manifiesto la necesidad de desarrollar de estrategias educativas, identificar estudiantes de mayor riesgo e iniciar intervenciones en salud de manera oportuna.
College students are a risk group for anxiety for their psychological, social and academic demands, and high stress. In order to determine the prevalence of anxiety in students from a private university in Medellin and its association with socio-demographic and academics, a prevalence study with 200 students selected using stratified probability sampling was carried out. The anxiety screening was performed with the Zung scale. We assessed the reliability of the scale with Cronbach's a, the analysis was performed using summary measures, frequencies, Mann Whitney's U and chi square in SPSS 21®. The prevalence of anxiety was 58 %. The Zung scale showed excellent reliability with Cronbach's a of 0.8. The prevalence of anxiety presented a statistically equal distribution by sex and age group, no association was found with the training cycle, academic program, age, credits or occupation. Anxiety was statistically lower in middle-class students. We found a high prevalence of anxiety, which highlights the need to develop educational strategies, identify high-risk students and initiate health interventions opportunely.
