ABSTRACT
Three experiments were conducted to investigate Conditioned Olfactory Preferences using orthonasal inhalation, which is a less explored perceptual pathway compared to retronasal inhalation. In these experiments, odors were impregnated onto plastic disks to prevent the subjects from consuming or tasting them. The reinforcers used were a sucrose solution (Caloric groups) and a saccharin solution (Non-Caloric groups). The influence of nutritional deprivation was analyzed, with unrestricted access to food throughout the procedure in Experiment 1, food restriction during the conditioning phase in Experiment 2, and limited access to food during the test phase in Experiment 3. The results revealed conditioned preferences using both sucrose and saccharin as reinforcers. Furthermore, dietary restriction reduced the conditioned preference induced by saccharin, but not the preference induced by sucrose. These findings are discussed in light of the potential differences between orthonasal and retronasal presentation of odors during conditioning.
Subject(s)
Food Deprivation , Saccharin , Humans , Saccharin/pharmacology , Smell , Odorants , Sucrose/pharmacologyABSTRACT
El presente trabajo se sitúa en la perspectiva de analizar los procesos implicados en el desarrollo de la actividad científica, más que en el estudio de las características formales de los productos científicos. Dicho abordaje se realiza desde la teoría skinneriana de la conducta (condicionamiento operante). Así, se estudian tres momentos de la actividad científica: a) la selección del dato científico como conducta verbal discriminativa, b) el establecimiento de relaciones entre variables entendido como detección de relaciones de contingencia entre eventos y, c) la derivación de nuevos conceptos como u n caso de conducta gobernada por reglas. Por otra parte, las características metodológicas implícitas en la práctica del Análisis Experimental de la Conducta (AEC) se confrontan con las ideas propuestas anteriormente. Finalmente, se concluye que dichas características del AEC son altamente consistentes con el análisis de la actividad científica como conducta operante, dándose cuenta del alto grado de coherencia alcanzado por los conductistas radicales respecto a, por un lado, los aspectos formales de su práctica investigadora (AEC) y, por otro, al contenido de sus productos teóricos (condicionamiento operante) (AU)
The core of this paper lies more within the perspective of analyzing the processes involved in the development of scientific activity, than in the study of formal characteristics of scientific outcomes. The aforementioned approach is carried out from the Skinnerian theory of behaviour (operant conditioning). Thus, three moments of scientific activity are examined: a) the selection of scientific datum as discriminative verbal behaviour, b) the establishment of relations between variables understood as the detection of contingency relations between events and, c) the derivation of new concepts as a case of rule-governed behaviour. Moreover, the methodological characteristics implicit in the practice of The Experimental Analysis of Behaviour (TEAB) are contrasted with the previously proposed ideas. Finally, the paper concludes that the aforementioned characteristics of the TEAB are highly consistent with the analysis of scientific activity as operant behaviour, indicating the high level of coherence reached by the radical behaviorists in relation to, on the one hand, the formal aspects of their investigative practice (TEAB) and, on the other hand, the contents of their theoretical productions (operant conditioning) (AU)
