ABSTRACT
Being a synanthropic cosmopolitan fly of tropical origin, Clogmia albipunctata is an aquatic species that is commonly found in moisture-rich places such as inside a house, sewage treatment plants, and hospitals. C. albipunctata can cause urogenital, intestinal, and even nasopharyngeal accidental myiasis under non-hygienic conditions or if a person consumes substandard food. Its larvae enter the human body via bodily cavities such as rectum, genitalia, or urinary canal, thereby leading to the development of infestation. This can in turn cause haematuria, bloody stool, vomiting and fever, with the appearance of larvae in urine and faeces. Here, we present the case of a 43-year-old woman with infection in the urogenital and gastrointestinal systems by the fourth instar larvae of C. albipunctata. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of myiasis caused by this species in Turkey. This study will provide general information about the biology of this species and methods to recognize it.
Subject(s)
Myiasis/diagnosis , Psychodidae , Adult , Animals , Female , Female Urogenital Diseases/complications , Female Urogenital Diseases/diagnosis , Female Urogenital Diseases/parasitology , Gastrointestinal Diseases/complications , Gastrointestinal Diseases/diagnosis , Gastrointestinal Diseases/parasitology , Humans , Larva , Myiasis/complications , Myiasis/parasitology , Turkey , Vomiting/etiologyABSTRACT
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are used in a wide range of sectors ranging from electronics to biomedicine, as well as in eutrophicated lake restoration due to their high P, N, and heavy metal adsorption capacity. This study assessed the effects of MNPs on mortality and morphometric changes of D. magna. According to the SEM, the synthesised MNPs were found to have spherical nanoparticles, be uniformly distributed, and have a homolithic size distribution of 50-110 nm. The EDX spectra confirmed the elemental structure and purities of these MNPs. A total of 396 neonates were used for short-term bioassays (96 h) through the MNPs in the laboratory (16:8 photoperiod). Experiments were applied in triplicate for each concentration of CuFe2O4, CoFe2O4, and NiFe2O4 MNPs and their respective control groups. Mortality and morphological measurements of each individual were recorded every 24 h. In the probit analysis, the 96-h LC50 (p < 0.05) for CuFe2O4, CoFe2O4, and NiFe2O4 MNPs was calculated to be 1.455 mg L-1, 39.834 mg L-1, and 21.730 mg L-1, respectively. CuFe2O4 MNPs were found to be more toxic than the other two MNPs. The concentrations of CuFe2O4, CoFe2O4, and NiFe2O4 MNPs drastically affected life span and morphologic growth of D. magna as a result of a short time exposure. The results of this study are useful for assessing what risks they pose to freshwater ecosystems.
