ABSTRACT
Membranous nephropathy is one of the most common causes of nephrotic syndrome in the adult population. According to the underlying etiology, membranous nephropathy is classified as either primary or secondary. Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease that can affect the kidneys in 50% of patients in the course of the disease. Renal disease may be the first manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus and the development of systemic findings may be delayed for about 1-5 years following the diagnosis of lupus nephritis. We present a 59-year-old male patient who had a diagnosis of idiopathic membranous nephropathy since 2007 and developed membranous lupus nephritis during the 12-year follow-up without any extrarenal systemic lupus erythematosus findings.
Subject(s)
Glomerulonephritis, Membranous/pathology , Lupus Nephritis/etiology , Lupus Nephritis/pathology , Nephrotic Syndrome/etiology , Nephrotic Syndrome/pathology , Antibodies, Antinuclear/blood , Disease Progression , Glomerulonephritis, Membranous/complications , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Receptors, Phospholipase A2/immunologyABSTRACT
The author uses data from the 1986 Family History Survey conducted in France to examine patterns of entry into marriage and the range of informal unions that exist. "Since unmarried cohabitation is only recent for first unions, we shall confine our analysis to first unions and, for homogeneity, to those begun before the 30th birthday." She examines the effects of occupational status and social background on marriage decisions.
Subject(s)
Culture , Decision Making , Employment , Family Characteristics , Marriage , Social Class , Behavior , Demography , Developed Countries , Economics , Europe , France , Population , Population Characteristics , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
PIP: The authors examine family characteristics in France based on a 1985-1986 INED family history survey. They question whether the decrease in nuptiality is an actual representation of the number of cohabiting couples or if it reflects a change in the definition of a couple. They explore attitudes toward marriage, numbers of married and unmarried couples, and illegitimacy rates. Findings indicate the necessity of a broader definition of the word couple.^ieng
Subject(s)
Family Characteristics , Illegitimacy , Marriage , Developed Countries , Europe , France , Social ProblemsABSTRACT
Factors affecting women's employment in France are explored. In particular, "the author examines how working time may be adjusted according to the socio-occupational category of the mother. Recent French data allow for the identification of those occupations where women have a lower risk to discontinue their activity. The author investigates whether these occupations allow for a time-schedule and working conditions better adapted to family requirements or whether mothers with these occupations have at their disposal more possibilities to find a substitute for maternal care and help in housekeeping activities." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)
