The effect of theoretical and student-centered interactive education on intern nursing students' knowledge and consideration regarding human papillomavirus and its vaccine in Turkey: A repeated measures design.

Background: Intern nursing students not only belong to the high-risk group for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and its associated complications but also represent the future healthcare workforce. Therefore, they constitute a significant group that should comprehensively understand HPV and its vaccine. Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of educational interventions on intern nursing students' knowledge and considerations related to HPV and its vaccine. Methods: A repeated measures design with pretest/posttest measures was employed. The study involved 88 students at a university in Turkey and was conducted between November 2021 and February 2022. Data were collected using a Personal Information Form and the HPV Information Scale. All participants received theoretical and student-centered interactive education, and data were analyzed using numerical data, percentage distributions, Bonferroni correction, and one-way repeated measures ANOVA. Results: The total score of the scale and the scores of all four sub-dimensions obtained in the first and third months after the education were significantly higher than those obtained before the education (p <0.001). Additionally, the proportion of students considering getting an HPV vaccine increased following the education (p <0.001).Conclusions: The education on HPV and its vaccine potentially improved students' knowledge levels and increased consideration for vaccination. Implementing interventions that equip nursing students with sufficient knowledge about HPV and its vaccine can contribute to reducing HPV-related cancer rates. Therefore, it is recommended to implement educational programs focused on the prevention of HPV-related cancers.

Effects of applications manual pressure and shotblocker to reduce needle-related pain and fear in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

BACKGROUND: Pain and fear associated with insulin injections can cause children with type 1 diabetes mellitus to avoid insulin injections and skip doses. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare pain and fear levels in children aged 6-12 years receiving subcutaneous insulin injection using the manual pressure and ShotBlocker methods. METHODS: A randomized controlled study was conducted with 90 children with type 1 diabetes who were allocated using block randomization to the manual pressure, ShotBlocker, and control groups (n = 30 in each group). Fear and pain levels were rated by the children, their parents, and a member of the study team immediately before and after insulin injection using the Children's Fear Scale and Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale, respectively. RESULTS: All groups had similar self-, parent-, and researcher-reported levels of preprocedural pain and fear (p > 0.05). However, pain and fear scores were lower in the manual pressure and ShotBlocker groups than in the control group after injection (p = 0.0001). There was no significant difference in pain and fear scores between the two intervention groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Manual pressure and the ShotBlocker both reduced fear and pain associated with insulin injection in 6- to 12-year-old children with type 1 diabetes. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Both the manual pressure and ShotBlocker methods can easily be applied in children receiving insulin injections. As manual pressure is completely cost- and equipment-free, it is a useful option to reduce pain and fear related to insulin injection. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: National Institutes of Health (NIH), ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05789810.

The effect of moral intelligence on cultural sensitivity in nurses.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to determine the relationship between the levels of moral intelligence and intercultural sensitivity in nurses. METHODS: The cross-sectional study was conduct with 200 nurses working in a research and training hospital. The data were collected using the intercultural sensitivity scale and the scale for the measurement of moral intelligence in the provision of health services. RESULTS: The mean total intercultural sensitivity score of the nurses was determined to be 89.34 ± 10.01, while their moral intelligence score was found 201.22 ± 21.99. There was a positive relationship between the nurses' mean total scores scales (p < 0.000). PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The nurses' intercultural sensitivity and moral intelligence were at a moderate level. As the nurses' levels of moral intelligence increased, their intercultural sensitivity levels increased.

The effects of nursing students' conscientious intelligence on their cultural sensitivity levels.

PURPOSE: This study was carried out to determine the relationship between the level of conscientious intelligence and cultural sensitivity among nursing students. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional descriptive design. The sample of this study consisted of 172 nursing students. The study data were collected using a sociodemographic data form, the intercultural sensitivity scale, and the conscientious intelligence scale. RESULTS: The mean intercultural sensitivity scale score was 80.07 ± 10.68, and the mean conscientious intelligence scale score was 120.89 ± 12.32. Also, a positive relationship was determined between both scales that the nursing students obtained. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The scale scores of nursing students were found to be a moderate level. As students' conscientious intelligence levels increased, their intercultural sensitivity was determined to increase, as well.

The Relationship Between Spiritual Care Levels of Turkish Nurses with the Spiritual Well-Being of Their Patients: An Exploratory Study.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between spiritual well-being of patients with the spiritual care levels of nurses. This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted between July and August 2019. The sample was composed of 63 nurses from one university hospital and 142 patients receiving care at the department of internal medicine of the hospital. For data collection, the information form and "Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale" were applied to the nurses, personel information form and "FACIT Spiritual Well-Being Scale" were used for the patients. For data analysis, the descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation analysis, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used. The mean age of the nurses was 37.44 ± 6.95 years, and 88.9% were female. The mean age of the patients was 55.04 ± 15.86 years, and 57.7% were female. 89.4% of the patients stated that nurses provided spiritual care. A positive correlation was found between item scores on two scales (r = 0.264, p < 0.001). As the level of spirituality and spiritual care of nurses increases, the level of spiritual well-being of patients increases as well.

Mental status of nursing students assessed using the general health questionnaire during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to determine the mental state of nursing students when the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Turkish population reached its peak. DESIGN AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was remotely conducted using General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) and personnel information form, for 2630 nursing students, in Turkey. Data were statistically analyzed. FINDINGS: The mean GHQ-12 score was 3.04 ± 2.13, and 71.5% of nursing students scored ≥2 on the GHQ-12, indicating risk for mental problems. We highlighted that nursing students who reported less sleep and diet during the COVID-19 pandemic as well as those who thought they were suffering from COVID-19 symptoms obtained significantly higher mean scores on the GHQ-12. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Our results showed that most nursing students reported mental problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pre-training of the frontline staff during outbreaks is needed to prepare them to deal with a global pandemic.

Reducing Pain and Fear in Children During Venipuncture: A Randomized Controlled Study.

BACKGROUND: Venous blood sampling is a common procedure in the hospital setting and cause significant pain and stress for children. AIM: This study was conducted to determine and compare the effects of balloon inflation, ball squeezing, and coughing methods on levels of pain and fear during venipuncture in children aged 7-12 years. DESIGN: Experimental, randomized controlled study. SETTING: The study was conducted at a state hospital in Turkey between March and July 2017. PARTICIPANTS/SUBJECTS: The study population comprised children 7-12 years of age who were subjected to venous blood sampling in the phlebotomy unit of a state hospital. The study sample included 120 children for a confidence interval of 95% and statistical power of 80%. METHODS: The children were assigned to one of four groups (balloon inflation, ball squeezing, coughing, and control groups), each including 30 participants. The children's pain and fear were rated before and after the procedure by the children themselves, their parents, and a researcher using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale and Children's Fear Scale, respectively. RESULTS: Mean scores for pain and fear after the procedure were lower in all intervention groups compared with the control group (p = .001). There was no statistical difference in pain or fear scores between the intervention groups; however, the children in the coughing group had the lowest scores for both pain and fear. CONCLUSION: Balloon inflation, ball squeezing, and coughing were all effective in reducing pain and fear associated with venipuncture in children aged 7-12 years. These are simple, rapid, and cost-effective methods that nurses can implement during venipuncture with minimal equipment and preparation.

Knowledge and practices of primary care providers on skin cancer and skin self-examination.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the knowledge and practices related to skin cancer and skin self-examination of primary care providers. METHOD: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in Turkey. The study was carried out in primary health centers such as family health centers, community health centers, early cancer detection centers and family planning centers in 2016-2017. Participants' socio-demographic characteristics, their knowledge and practices related to skin cancer, skin cancer risk factors and skin self-examination were determined. RESULTS: The study population included 94 primary care providers. The symptoms of which the participants were most aware were changes in the color of moles or skin spots (95.71%), and of which participants were the least aware was the itching of a mole (71.43%). Among participants, the most recognized risk factor was having fair skin (97.14%), whereas the least known was the presence of birthmarks (24.29%). The mean scores the participants obtained from the questionnaire were as follows: 5.39±1.61 for skin cancer risk factors and 10.47±2.73 for skin cancer symptoms. Of the participants, 14.29% received training on skin self-examination, 38.57% knew how to perform skin self-examination, and 67.14% did not perform skin self-examination. Of the participants, 61.7% did not perform skin self-examination because they did not know what to look for. Of the participants, 85.71% did not have continuing education/workshop about skin self-examination after graduation. CONCLUSION: Although the primary care providers' knowledge of skin cancer symptoms was adequate, their knowledge of skin cancer risk factors was not sufficient. Primary care providers' knowledge of skin self-examination was good, but they did not perform skin self-examination adequately.

Validity and Reliability of Turkish Male Breast Self-Examination Instrument.

Objective: This study aims to measure the validity and reliability of Turkish male breast self-examination (MBSE) instrument. Materials and Methods: The methodological study was performed in 2016 at Ege University, Faculty of Nursing, Izmir, Turkey. The MBSE includes ten steps. For validity studies, face validity, content validity, and construct validity (exploratory factor analysis) were done. For reliability study, Kuder Richardson was calculated. Results: The content validity index was found to be 0.94. Kendall W coefficient was 0.80 (p=0.551). The total variance explained by the two factors was found to be 63.24%. Kuder Richardson 21 was done for reliability study and found to be 0.97 for the instrument. The final instrument included 10 steps and two stages. Conclusions: The Turkish version of MBSE is a valid and reliable instrument for early diagnose. The MBSE can be used in Turkish speaking countries and cultures with two stages and 10 steps.

Effects of Rapid Vaccine Injection Without Aspiration and Applying Manual Pressure Before Vaccination on Pain and Crying Time in Infants.

AIM: To compare effects of rapid injection without aspiration and 10-second manual pressure before injection on pain severity and crying time in 4- to 6-month-old infants given the vaccine DTaP/IPV/Hib. METHODS: This is a randomized double-blind controlled study. The study population included all the infants presenting for DTaP/IPV/Hib to two family health centers between April and August in 2015. The study sample included 128 infants based on confidence interval of 95% and statistical power of 80%. The sample was divided into four groups: manual pressure, rapid injection without aspiration, manual pressure combined with rapid injection without aspiration, and control groups. There were 32 infants in each group. Gender was adjusted in all groups. Stratified and block randomizations were used. RESULTS: Pain severity scores and crying time during and after the injections were significantly lower in the three intervention groups than in the control group (p = .001). The lowest increase in the mean heart rate during and after the injections occurred in the rapid injection without aspiration group (p < .05). In addition, the mean oxygen saturation before, during and after the injections was significantly lower in this group than in the other groups (p < .05). However, two infants in the rapid injection without aspiration group had low oxygen saturation levels starting before the injections. In fact, mean oxygen saturations did not change across time. This suggests that lower oxygen saturation in the rapid injection without aspiration group cannot be due to vaccines or the techniques used. LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION: Manual pressure and rapid injection without aspiration are effective and useful in relief of pain and reduction of crying time due to vaccine injections in 4- to 6-month-old infants.

Knowledge and practices of nurses on cervical cancer, HPV and HPV vaccine in Cankiri state hospital, Turkey.

OBJECTIVE: To determine knowledge and practices of nurses on cervical cancer, human papillomavirus and its vaccine. METHODS: This descriptive study was conducted at Cankiri Karatekin University, Cankiri, Turkey, from December 2015 to January 2016, and included nurses. . A survey was used to collect data about socio-demographic features and knowledge and practices on cervical cancer and screening, signs and symptoms of cervical cancer and human papillomavirus vaccine. SPSS 16 was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Of the 110(61.1%) participants, 83(75.5%), 78(70.9%) and 45(40.9%) did not know risk factors of cervical cancer, signs of cervical cancer and how to protect oneself against cervical cancer, respectively. Moreover, 56(50.9%), 85(77.3%) and 60(54.5%) knew the route of transmission of human papillomavirus, risk factors of human papillomavirus and its vaccine, respectively. Besides, 2(1.8%) nurses received human papillomavirus vaccine. Also, 11(10%) nurses received a regular Pap smear test and 19(17.3%) received a regular gynaecological examination. The reasons given for not having the examinations were being sexually inactive in 28(25.5%) cases, not feeling the need for an examination 26(23.6%), shying away from gynaecological examinations 13(11.8%), and having inadequate knowledge 6(5.5%). Significantly higher rates of the nurses aged >40 years, having given birth, and having regular gynaecological examinations had a Pap smear test (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of nurses about risk factors, signs and prevention of cervical cancer were found to be below the desired level.