Leaking in Intimate Partner Homicide: A Systematic Review.

Intimate partner homicides (IPH) are serious offenses by a heterogeneous group of offenders with diverse risk factors that are too unspecific for the successful prediction of an offense. Recent research suggested several warning signs that may precede IPH and enhance its prevention, but little is still known about "leaking." Leaking comprises all offense-related statements, behaviors, or actions that express the perpetrator's thoughts, fantasies, ideas, interests, feelings, intentions, plans, or positive evaluations of an own violent act or previous similar offenses prior to the own attack. This review aims to identify the forms, recipients, and media of leaking as well as potential subgroup differences in cases of IPH. We identified 47 relevant publications via a systematic search of eight databases and additional methods. We included publications that did not explicitly use the term, but described behaviors that could be interpreted as leaking. Up to now, leaking has not been systematically researched in cases of IPH. Nevertheless, publications described several behaviors that are in line with our definition of leaking and were categorized into five broader categories: (a) homicide announcements, (b) previous severe acts of violence, (c) suicidal behavior, (d) planning activities, and (e) interest in similar offenses/offenders. Information on recipients and media as well as subgroup differences was sparse. Leaking is relevant in IPH, but more systematic research is needed to understand its potential role in future risk analyses procedures and prevention of IPH.

Preparing railway stakeholders against CBRNe threats through better cooperation with security practitioners.

This paper presents partial results from the Horizon2020 PROACTIVE project, following a set of literature reviews and surveys conducted with first responder organisations and rail security experts. Qualitative and quantitative data from two surveys are being presented. The results provide an overview of the CBRNe (Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear and explosive) preparedness and response capabilities of railway stakeholders and how these relate to a wider context represented by CBRNe first responders. The results highlight a set of challenges as well as five core skills that railway staff need to develop or improve: 1) understand the specific characteristics of the CBRNe threat, 2) develop basic response measures, 3) cooperate with authorities and train with specialised first responders, 4) improve public awareness about this threat, and 5) optimise crisis communication. In line with these, project PROACTIVE will further help update rail crisis management plans with practical recommendations concerning the CBRNe threat.

Inhibition of neointimal proliferation with 188Re-labeled self-expanding nitinol stent in a sheep model.

PURPOSE: To evaluate a self-expanding rhenium 188 (188Re) radiochemically labeled radioactive stent in sheep. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A self-expanding nitinol stent (30 mm in length, 8 mm in diameter) coated with a functionalized polymer layer was radiolabeled with 188Re. Fifty prostheses, 25 of which were radioactive (mean radioactivity, 20 MBq +/- 3.8 [SD]) and 25 of which were nonradioactive, were implanted into the external iliac arteries of 25 sheep. Stent patency was assessed with angiography. Neointimal formation was assessed with intravascular ultrasonography and histologic examination 1 month (in all sheep) and 3 months (in 12 sheep) after implantation. The results were analyzed by using repeated-measures analysis of variance with two repeated factors and paired t tests for comparison at each measuring point. RESULTS: All stents were placed successfully. Data in one animal had to be excluded from the study. After 3 months, a mean neointimal area reduction of 70 mm2 +/- 55 (SD) was observed inside the radioactive stents, and a mean lumen reduction of 126 mm2 +/- 39 was observed inside the nonradioactive control stents (P =.022). An edge effect was observed in the radioactive stents in that they showed an amount of neointimal formation at the edges that was similar to that seen in control stents. This neointimal formation accounted for the maximum lumen loss in the vascular segment with the stent. CONCLUSION: As compared with a nonradioactive stent, a beta particle-emitting stent, through endovascular irradiation, significantly inhibits neointimal formation inside the stent but not at the stent edges.