Inhibition Effects of Different Toothpastes on Demineralisation of Incipient Enamel Lesions.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the inhibitory effects of different toothpastes on demineralisation of incipient enamel lesions using a toothbrush simulator. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty enamel specimens were prepared from extracted human molars. The specimens were randomly assigned to the following groups (n = 10/group): 1. no treatment (control); 2. toothpaste containing arginine (ProRelief, Colgate;); 3. fluoride toothpaste (Pronamel, Sensodyne GlaxoSmithKlein); 4. tooth mousse containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) (Recaldent, GC); 5. toothpaste (Restore, Dr. Collins) containing bioactive glass (NovaMin, GlaxoSmithKlein). All specimens were exposed to pH cycling. The remineralising agents were applied to the samples with a toothbrush simulator for 2 min twice a day for five days. The weight percentage of mineral changes for the elements calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), sodium (Na) and silica (Si) were measured by SEM energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). SEM revealed properties of treated enamel surfaces. The data were analysed using one-way ANOVA. RESULTS: Statistically significantly higher levels of Ca and P were found in all groups compared to the control (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The toothpastes' efficacy of inhibiting demineralisation depended on the active ingredients in the respective toothpaste. The demineralisation inhibition efficacy of the tested toothpastes depended on the active ingredients in the toothpaste.

Bulk-Fill Restorative Materials in Primary Tooth: An Intrapulpal Temperature Changes Study.

OBJECTIVES: It was aimed to investigate the temperature changes in primary teeth pulp chamber during the curing/setting of bulk-fill restorative materials with different nanoparticle contents. METHODS: Twenty-five extracted, primary mandibular second molars were prepared as a Class II cavity. Five bulk-fill restorative materials consisting of Equia Fil (HVGIC), glass carbomer (GC) cement, Sonic Fill (SF), X-tra Fil (XF), and Quix Fil (QF) were tested. The measurement of the pulp chamber temperature changes (starting temperature 37°C) during setting/curing was performed with a J type thermocouple. The data, differences between highest and initial temperature values, were recorded and analyzed by one-way ANOVA. RESULTS: The temperature changes in the pulp chamber were in EF (2.81°C), GC (7.92°C), SF (3.33°C), XF (3.43°C), and QF (3.02°C). There were statistically significant differences between temperature changes in groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The tested bulk-fill resin composites and high-viscosity glass ionomer cement do not increase the intrapulpal temperature in primary teeth during the curing/setting.

Comparative evaluation of apical sealing ability of different root canal sealers.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the short and long term apical sealing ability of different root canal sealers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-five extracted human anterior single-root teeth were used. The coronal part of each tooth was removed and the root canals were prepared with NiTi rotary instruments. Teeth were divided into 5 study groups; Group I: MTA Fillapex (Angelus, Brazil); Group II: Sealapex (Sybron-Kerr, Romulus, MI, USA) and Group III: AH Plus (Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany) (n=15) and negative and positive control groups (n=5). The quality of root canal sealing was assessed by a fluid filtration method performed at 24 h and 180-day time intervals. Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney U tests were used to compare the groups. RESULTS: At 24 h evaluation, MTA Fillapex presented significantly less microleakage than the Sealapex and AH Plus (p<0.05). At long term interval (180-day), Sealapex and AH Plus presented significantly less microleakage than the MTA Fillapex (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Sealapex and AH Plus showed significantly better sealing abilities than MTA Fillapex in the long term.

Antimicrobial effect of ozonated water, sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine gluconate in primary molar root canals.

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to determine the antimicrobial effect of ozonated water, ozonated water with ultrasonication, sodium hypochloride and chlorhexidine (CHX) in human primary root canals contaminated by Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-eight extracted human primary molar teeth were used. Crowns were cut off using a diamond saw under water-cooling. One hundred roots were obtained and mechanically prepared. The roots were then sterilized by autoclaving in water for 15 min at 121°C. All samples were contaminated with E. faecalis for 24 h and the root canals were randomly divided into five groups (n = 20). Group I: 25 mg/L of Ozonated water (O3aq), Group II: 25 mg/L of O3aq with ultrasonication, Group III: 2.5% Sodium hypochloride (NaOCl), Group IV: 2% CHX and Group V: Positive control. The canal of each specimen was irrigated for 4 min and positive control was untreated. All root canals were agitated with sterile saline solution. The saline solution was collected from canals with sterile paper points. For each specimen, the paper points were transposed to eppendorf vials containing 2 ml of brain heart infusion. According to bacterial proliferation, the mean values of optical density were achieved by ELISA (Biotek EL ×800, Absorbance Microplate Reader, ABD) and the data were analyzed. RESULTS: NaOCI, CHX and two types of O3aq were found statistically different than positive control group. NaOCI irrigation was found significantly most effective. CONCLUSIONS: NaOCl, CHX and O3aq applications provide antibacterial effect in vitro conditions in primary root canals.