Does energy productivity and public-private investment in energy achieve carbon neutrality target of China?

Carbon neutrality target is of great importance to all countries around the globe recently. Innovative methods are being evaluated to achieve the environmental sustainability. In this study, we aim to inspect the influence of public-private partnership in energy and energy efficiency on CO2 emissions in China from 1991Q1 to 2017Q4. In doing so, we include other important determinants of CO2 emissions also, such as environmental innovation, renewable energy, energy productivity and economic growth in our model. We employ the advanced cointegration methods that are developed recently. Moreover, spectral Breitung and Candelon (BC) causality test is used to find the causal effects of technological innovation, energy productivity, public-private partnership in energy, renewable energy consumption and GDP on CO2 emissions. The results suggest that increase in income and public-private partnership enhance carbon emission in China. Conversely, an improvement in energy productivity, renewable energy and technological innovation exert negative influence over CO2 emissions. There is a need to improve the efficiency of public-private partnership in energy projects in terms of carbon emission. Policymakers in China need to ensure an effective and timely transition towards renewable energy sources through environment related innovations and improved efficiency in all sources of energy.

Enrichment of Hazelnut Oil with Several Polyphenols: An Alternative Approach to A New Functional Food.

Hazelnut oil has been examined according to its oxidative stability and antioxidant activity. The oil sample has been treated with gallic acid, ascorbic acid, catechin, vanillic acid, p-coumaric acid and rutin. Stability of the pure and treated oils against the oxidation has been assessed via Rancimat by detecting the protection factor. The quality parameters of the oil samples were compared depending on their antioxidant activity. D-Optimal design of Response Surface Method has been applied to optimize the enrichment conditions of hazelnut oil with several polyphenols. Principal component analysis has been applied to comprehend the relationship between the groups and their quality parameters. Depending on the analysis of variance test, the most important parameter (at p < 0.0001) affecting the relevant system has been found polyphenol type with respect to stability and antioxidant capacity. Gallic acid has enhanced the stability of hazelnut oil against oxidation ~3 times over that of pure sample. The maximum yields of protection factor, antioxidant activity and dissolved polyphenol level have been 2.738, 46.14% and 259.424 ppm under the optimum conditions (300 ppm gallic acid).

Improving the quality of vegetable oils treated with phytochemicals: a comparative study.

In this study, sunflower, corn, peanut and hazelnut oils were investigated according to their oxidative stability and antioxidant activity parameters. The related vegetable oils were treated with gallic acid, rutin and carotenoid. Olive leaf extract having a large variety of phytochemical was also valorized. After the leaf samples were extracted through a homogenizer, they were added into the vegetable oils, respectively. Moreover, synthetic antioxidants were also dissolved into the oils for control reasons. Stability of the vegetable oils against the oxidation was evaluated via Rancimat by measuring induction time. The quality parameters of treated and untreated oil samples were compared depending on phenolic and carotenoid contents, antioxidant activity and induction time.