Effect of support based on family centered empowerment model on care burden in family caregivers of patients with multiple sclerosis.

Introduction: Family caregivers of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) are at risk of care burden that may lead to a detrimental effect on their quality of life (QoL), physical and mental well-being. This study aimed to determine the effect of the family-centered empowerment model (FCEM) on the care burden of caregivers of patients with MS. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted using convenience sampling on 60 caregivers of patients referring to the Multiple Sclerosis Clinic in Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. The participants were assigned to FCEM and control groups based on the days they were referred to the MS clinic. Data collection tools included the Zarit Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI), completed in the intervention and control groups before and 1 month after the intervention. The support based on FCEM was provided during eight 45-60-min sessions, and the control group received the medical center's routine training. Data were analyzed by Chi-square, independent t-test, analysis of covariance, and repeated measure tests. Results: The results of the present study showed that all demographic characteristics were homogeneous at the baseline. Before the intervention, no significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding mean scores of care burden. Based on the repeated measure test, there was no significant treatment and time interaction in changes in care burden. Conclusion: The FCEM has no significant effect in alleviating the care burden. It is recommended to observe the necessary considerations regarding the context of this type of intervention and to carry out further investigations in different intervals.

The Spiritual and Religious Coping of Mothers with Disabled Children in Turkey: Correlation Between Stress Coping Styles and Self-Efficacy.

This study aimed to determine the correlation between stress coping styles and self-efficacy with regard to the spiritual and religious coping of mothers with disabled children. The descriptive and relational screening model was used in this study. The research was completed with 227 mothers in a private rehabilitation center at Turkey. The data were collected using Maternal Spiritual Coping, Religious Coping Styles, Stress Coping Styles Scales (SCSS), and General Self-Efficacy Scales. As a result of the study, there was a statistically advanced degree of significant correlation in a positive direction between effective coping with stress and spiritual coping (p < 0.001), and a negative significant correlation between ineffective coping with stress and general self-efficacy (p < 0.05). Additionally, there was a negative significant correlation between the SCSS-effective coping dimension with the SCSS-ineffective coping points (p < 0.05). The high level of spiritual coping of mothers and its effect on coping with stress is an important result. For the participation of children with disabilities and their parents in society, it is essential to identify components such as mental health and spiritual coping that will improve mothers' mental health so that mothers can effectively cope with the difficulties they experience.

Reliability and Validity of the Positive Mental Health Literacy Scale in Turkish Adolescents.

Background: The present study aims to determine the reliability and validity of the Positive Mental Health Literacy Scale in the Turkish language. Methods: The sample of the present methodological study included 457 adolescents. The data were collected between February 10, 2019, and May 31, 2019, with a socio-demographic data form and the Positive Mental Health Literacy Scale. The scale was first translated to the Turkish language, expert opinion was obtained, and a pilot scheme was conducted. The content validity index was employed to test the validity of the scale, confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses were conducted to test the construct validity, item analysis was conducted to test the reliability of the scale, Cronbach's alpha analysis was employed to determine internal consistency, and the test-retest scores were compared to determine time invariance. Results: The scale is unidimensional. The content validity analysis of the scale was 0.97. Scale item loads varied between 0.56 and 0.72 based on the confirmatory factor analysis. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the scale was 0.87, and the test-retest score was intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.739 (P < . 001). The mean participant score on the positive mental health literacy scale was 2.9 (SD=0.9). Conclusion: The validity and reliability findings in the study that was conducted to adapt the Positive Mental Health Literacy Scale to the Turkish language revealed that the scale could be used to measure the mental health literacy of adolescents. The Turkish version of the scale could be used in programs that aim to identify positive mental health literacy levels of adolescents in Turkish society.

Effect of group psychoeducation on depression, anxiety, stress and coping with stress of nursing students: A randomized controlled study.

PURPOSE: This study was performed with the aim of determining the effect of group psychoeducation in Turkish nursing students. DESIGN AND METHODS: This study was planned with experimental design (randomized, controlled, and pretest-posttest control group observational study). FINDINGS: There were significant differences identified for points in the experimental group before and after psychoeducation and 1 month later and between the posttest and 1-month observation measures (p < 0.05). While there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the styles of coping with stress and stress, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in anxiety and depression, though anxiety and depression scores decreased. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The use of group psychoeducation in which stress coping styles are taught is recommended to reduce symptoms of stress and manage the symptoms of anxiety, and depression levels.

The relationship between problematic Internet use in adolescents and emotion regulation difficulty and family Internet attitude.

The study aims to determine the relationship between problematic Internet use in adolescents and emotion regulation difficulty and family Internet attitude. The study used a descriptive and correlational design. The sample of the study consisted of 5916 students. The data were collected using the "Problematic Internet Use Scale," "Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale," "Internet Parental Style Scale." The total score on the Problematic Internet Use Scale was 55.41 ± 19.60 while the total score on the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale was 97.51 ± 17.84. Considering the Internet parental styles, it was found that 42.89% of the parents had a negligent attitude. According to the results of the logistic regression analysis performed, grade level was found to affect problematic Internet use. A highly significant correlation was found between problematic Internet use and emotional regulation difficulties and family control of family Internet attitude (p < 0.01). This study determined that adolescents' grade level and excessive Internet use of the father were effective in the problematic Internet use of the adolescents. Adolescents' difficulties in emotion regulation and the type of families' attitudes towards Internet use were associated with problematic Internet use. In accordance with these results, it can be recommended to form programs to decrease problematic Internet use.

Evaluation of worry level in healthcare professionals and mental symptoms encountered in their children during the COVID-19 pandemic process.

This study was conducted to evaluate the worry level in healthcare professionals and the mental symptoms encountered in their children during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The study was designed in a cross-sectional, descriptive and relational screening model. Target population of the study comprised healthcare professionals living in Turkey who had children aged 6 to 16 years. The study data was obtained from 457 healthcare professionals who were accessible online between June 15 and August 15, 2020. The Introductory Information Form, the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) and the Pediatric Symptom Checklist-17 (PSC-17) were used as data collection method. The mean age of the healthcare professionals was 39.82 ± 4.83 years and 88.6% of them were female, 58.6% were nurses, 9.0% were doctors and 54.3% were working in the pandemic service. The mean total PSWQ score of the healthcare professionals was 53.53 ± 11.82 and the mean total PSC-17 score of their children was 10.74 ± 5.68. The mean PSWQ score of the healthcare professionals who had a psychological disease and provided care to COVID-19 patients was significantly higher. The PSC-17 scores were significantly higher in children with a mental disorder. There was a statistically significant positively correlation between the mean total PSWQ score of the healthcare professionals and the mean total PSC-17 score of their children. The study showed that children of healthcare professionals who experience all aspects of the pandemic, comprise an important risk group because they are unable to have physical contact with their parents and they experience the pandemic-related measures more.

Experiences of nursing students during clinical education in mental health clinics: A phenomenological qualitative study.

AIM: Nursing students have both positive and negative experiences during clinical education. This study was conducted to identify experiences of nursing students during clinical education in mental health clinics. DESIGN: This phenomenological qualitative design study was conducted with 4th year undergraduate nursing students from a university in Turkey to identify their experiences specifically in mental health clinics. METHODS: The data were collected using focus groups interviews with 40 nursing students and assessed with the 7-stage phenomenological analysis method described by Colaizzi. RESULTS: Three main themes were determined: (i) the need for supportive interventions to cope with negative emotions; (ii) difficulty in translating theoretical knowledge into practice; and (iii) the lack of role model nurses and teaching staff. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that supportive interventions should be given to nursing students before clinical education. Also, the duration of clinical education, the teaching methods to be used and role model nurses and teaching staff effectiveness in clinical education should be planned carefully.