ABSTRACT
Turkish forests have a very important genetic, biological and ecological diversity. Syntaxonomy of Turkish forests have been studied over 40 years but there were many unvalidly published names and a chaos among syntaxonomical units. In this paper it was aimed to overview the phytosociological studies and the sum of syntaxa of forest vegetation in Turkey. In the study all syntaxa described so far from forests in Turkey were gathered together to clear their ranks and last status.
Subject(s)
Ecosystem , Trees , Species Specificity , Trees/classification , TurkeyABSTRACT
Reactive oxygen metabolites are products of oxidative metabolism that are continuously generated in vivo, and are known to produce serious cellular, tissue and genomic damage. l-carnitine is an endogenous amine that has been shown to have an effect on the synthesis of reactive oxygen metabolites. Twenty Wistar rats, 24 months of age, were randomly assigned to two groups as control and l-carnitine treatment groups. One millilitre of distilled water was administered to control rats and 50 mg/kg l-carnitine to rats of l-carnitine treatment groups by intragastric gavage once a day for 30 days. At the end of 30 days, all groups underwent auditory brainstem response testing after administration of intraperitoneal urethane anaesthesia. l-carnitine treatment reduced III, V latencies and I-III, III-V and I-V interpeak latencies (IPL) significantly compared with the control group. l-carnitine treatment improved age-related deterioration in auditory pathways and hence may be a new alternative for the treatment of presbyacusis.
Subject(s)
Aging/physiology , Carnitine/therapeutic use , Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem/drug effects , Presbycusis/drug therapy , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Animals , Auditory Threshold/drug effects , Carnitine/pharmacology , Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem/physiology , Free Radical Scavengers/pharmacology , Free Radical Scavengers/therapeutic use , Male , Models, Animal , Presbycusis/etiology , Presbycusis/metabolism , Random Allocation , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
Since arginase has been found to be an arginine-depleting and nitric oxide synthase-regulating enzyme, the present study was devised to examine hypertrophied and infected tonsil and adenoid arginase activity in relation to a metabolic arginase-nitric oxide pathway and its association with disease processes. Tissues were taken from 32 children undergoing adenotonsillectomy. There was a statistically significant difference between the two tissue enzyme activities, with tonsillar arginase activity being higher than the corresponding adenoidal tissue (P < 0.005). This suggests a potential role for tissue arginase activity as an outcome module and a contributing factor in chronic recurrent infection and hypertrophy of tonsillar and adenoidal tissues.
