ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To investigate the association between central choroidal thickness (CT), axial length (AL), age, gender, and refractive error in a healthy pediatric population using optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS: This institutional study involved 137 healthy children (57 boys, 80 girls) aged between 4 and 18 years. Each child underwent a dilated eye examination, cycloplegic refraction, and AL measurement using a Nidek AL-Scan optical biometer. The central foveal thickness (CFT) and CT were measured using Cirrus high definition (HD)-OCT. The right eye of each subject was selected for analysis. RESULTS: The mean age of the children was 10.0 ± 4.7 years (range, 4-18 years). The mean spherical equivalent (SE) was -0.24 ± 1.24 diopters (D) (range, -2.00 D to +2.25 D). The mean AL was 23.1 ± 1.2 mm (range, 20-27 mm). The mean central CT was 388.2 ± 50.0 µm and was not correlated with age, gender, AL, or refractive error. CONCLUSION: The data provide a pediatric normative database of CT using enhanced depth imaging OCT. This information may be useful in the diagnosis and monitoring of retino-choroidal diseases in children.
Subject(s)
Axial Length, Eye/physiology , Choroid/anatomy & histology , Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods , Adolescent , Age Factors , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Fundus Oculi , Humans , Male , Reference Values , Refractive Errors , Sex Factors , Visual Acuity/physiologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: To evaluate the potential efficacy and safety of inner limiting membrane (ILM) staining with brilliant blue G (BBG) under air infusion. METHODS: 63 patients, treated by one surgeon with macular hole or idiopathic epiretinal membrane were evaluated prospectively. BBG was applied under air infusion in 38 patients (group 1), and injected into the vitreous cavity in 25 (group 2). Main outcome measures were the chromaticity difference between the stained ILM and the unstained underlying retina, anatomical-functional outcomes and complications of the surgery. Chromaticity difference was measured by an objective and quantitative analysis method to describe colour contrast strengths as they are perceived by the human eye. Anatomical and functional outcomes were assessed using optical coherence tomography (OCT), visual field analyses (VFA) and multifocal electroretinography (mfERG). RESULTS: CIELAB scores showed a significantly superior contrast for group 1 (16.72±2.36) than group 2 (10.34±1.29) (p<0.001). Visual acuity had increased in 28 eyes and remained stable in 10 eyes in group 1. In group 2, visual acuity had improved in 17 patients and remained unchanged in 8 patients. Based on postoperative OCT, anatomical success rate was 100%. During the follow-up period, mfERG and VFA demonstrated no case of BBG toxicity in either group. Cataract progression was the main postoperative complication (six eyes in group 1 and four eyes in group 2) and did not show a significant difference between the groups (p=0.45). CONCLUSIONS: BBG under air infusion yields a significantly higher contrast staining and easy peeling of ILM associated with anatomical and functional improvement and no retinal toxicity after macular surgery.
Subject(s)
Basement Membrane/pathology , Contrast Sensitivity/physiology , Epiretinal Membrane/surgery , Indicators and Reagents , Retinal Perforations/surgery , Rosaniline Dyes , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Air , Electroretinography , Epiretinal Membrane/diagnosis , Epiretinal Membrane/physiopathology , Female , Fluorocarbons/administration & dosage , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prone Position , Prospective Studies , Retinal Perforations/diagnosis , Retinal Perforations/physiopathology , Staining and Labeling/methods , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Visual Acuity , Visual Fields , VitrectomyABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To identify the distribution, variation, and determinants of ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) thickness in healthy Turkish children measured by high-definition optical coherence tomography (HD-OCT). PATIENTS AND METHODS: This institutional study involved 296 eyes from 296 healthy children aged between 3 and 17 years. Each child underwent a dilated eye examination, cycloplegic refraction, and axial length measurement using Nidek AL-Scan optical biometer. Macular scan was used to measure the GC-IPL thickness, and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness was measured using the HD-OCT (Cirrus HD-OCT). Right eye of each subject was selected for analysis. RESULTS: A total of 296 children (125 boys, 171 girls) were included in this study. The mean age of the children was 9.62±4.10 years (range, 3 to 17 y). The mean spherical equivalent was -0.09±1.49 D. The mean AL was 23.03±1.03 mm. The mean overall GC-IPL thickness was 83.44±5.52 µm and RNFL thickness was 96.91±10.21 µm. They were thicker than has been reported in adults. According to age-adjusted multiple regression analyses significant predictors of mean GC-IPL thickness were peripapillary RNFL thickness and AL (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study ensures a pediatric normative database of GC-IPL using spectral-domain OCT. This information may provide to diagnosis and monitoring of optic nerve diseases and glaucoma in children.
Subject(s)
Nerve Fibers , Retinal Ganglion Cells/cytology , Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods , Adolescent , Age Factors , Axial Length, Eye/anatomy & histology , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Healthy Volunteers , Humans , Intraocular Pressure , Male , Organ Size , Prospective Studies , Reference Values , Refraction, Ocular/physiology , Sex Factors , TurkeyABSTRACT
Uveitis, glaucoma, and cystoid macular edema frequently develop in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. The authors describe a case of cystoid macular edema associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis that had not responded to intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide and bevacizumab but improved significantly following intravitreal injection with a dexamethasone 0.7 mg implant.
