A Semi-Supervised Adaptive Matrix Machine Approach for Fault Diagnosis in Railway Switch Machine.

The switch machine, an essential element of railway infrastructure, is crucial in maintaining the safety of railway operations. Traditional methods for fault diagnosis are constrained by their dependence on extensive labeled datasets. Semi-supervised learning (SSL), although a promising solution to the scarcity of samples, faces challenges such as the imbalance of pseudo-labels and inadequate data representation. In response, this paper presents the Semi-Supervised Adaptive Matrix Machine (SAMM) model, designed for the fault diagnosis of switch machine. SAMM amalgamates semi-supervised learning with adaptive technologies, leveraging adaptive low-rank regularizer to discern the fundamental links between the rows and columns of matrix data and applying adaptive penalty items to correct imbalances across sample categories. This model methodically enlarges its labeled dataset using probabilistic outputs and semi-supervised, automatically adjusting parameters to accommodate diverse data distributions and structural nuances. The SAMM model's optimization process employs the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) to identify solutions efficiently. Experimental evidence from a dataset containing current signals from switch machines indicates that SAMM outperforms existing baseline models, demonstrating its exceptional status diagnostic capabilities in situations where labeled samples are scarce. Consequently, SAMM offers an innovative and effective approach to semi-supervised classification tasks involving matrix data.

Congruent or conflicting? The interaction between emoji and textual sentence is not that simple!

As a Japanese graphic symbol widely used in the world, Emoji plays an important role in computer mediated communication. Despite its prevalent use, the interaction dynamics between emoji and textual sentences remain inadequately explored. Based on the emotional function of emoji, this study uses the indirect priming method to explore the emotional impact of emoji on subsequent text in computer mediated communication through two progressive behavioral experiments. The results show that: (1) Emoji positioned at the onset of a sentence induce an emotional priming effect; (2) The processing speed is slowest when emoji and text are emotionally conflicting, while in non-conflicting condition, the type of emoji moderates the processing of combined sentences; (3) The emotional influence of emoji plays an auxiliary role, and the valence of textual sentence plays a decisive role in emotional perception.

Artesunate inhibits vasculogenic mimicry in choroidal melanoma through HIF-1 α/ VEGF/PDGF pathway.

Choroidal melanoma (CM), a highly metastatic eye tumor, exhibits vasculogenic mimicry (VM) facilitated by hypoxia-induced angiogenesis. This study explored the inhibitory impact of the anti-malarial drug Artesunate (ART) on CM VM through modulation of the HIF-1α/VEGF/PDGF pathway. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) confirmed VM in CM with elevated VEGF and PDGF expression. Hypoxia promoted CM proliferation, upregulating HIF-1α, VEGF and PDGF. VEGF and PDGF enhanced CM migration, invasion and VM, with HIF-1α playing a crucial role. ART mitigated VM formation by suppressing the HIF-1α/VEGF/PDGF pathway, highlighting its potential as an anti-tumor agent in CM.

Analysis of Diagnostic Efficacy of the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis ADNEX Model and the ACR O-RADS US (Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System) for Benign and Malignant Ovarian Tumors: A Retrospective Study in a Tumor Center in Northeast China.

This study is to analyze and compare the diagnostic efficacy of the ADNEX model and O-RADS in Northeast China for benign and malignant ovarian-adnexal tumors. From July 2020 to February 2022, ultrasound images of 312 ovarian-adnexal masses included in the study were analyzed retrospectively, and the properties of these masses were identified using the ADNEX model and O-RADS. The diagnostic efficiency of the ADNEX model and O-RADS was analyzed using a ROC curve, and the capacities of the two models in differentiating benign and malignant ovarian masses at the optimum cutoff value were compared, as well as the consistency of their diagnosis results was evaluated. The study included 312 ovarian-adnexal masses, including 145 malignant masses and 167 benign masses from 287 patients with an average age of (46.8 ± 11.3) years. The AUC of the ADNEX model was 0.974, and the optimum cutoff value was the risk value > 24.2%, with the corresponding sensitivity and specificity being 97.93 and 86.83, respectively. The AUC of the O-RADS was 0.956, and the optimum cutoff value was > O-RADS 3, with the corresponding sensitivity and specificity being 97.24 and 85.03, respectively. The AUCs of the two models were 0.924 and 0.911 at the optimum cutoff values, with no statistical differences between them (P = 0.284). Consistency analysis: the kappa values of the two models for the determination and pathological results of masses were 0.840 and 0.815, respectively, and that for the diagnostic outcomes was 0.910. Both the ADNEX model and O-RADS had good diagnostic performance in people from Northeast China. Their diagnostic capabilities were similar, and diagnostic results were highly consistent at the optimum cutoff values.

Neurons for infant social behaviors in the mouse zona incerta.

Understanding the neural basis of infant social behaviors is crucial for elucidating the mechanisms of early social and emotional development. In this work, we report a specific population of somatostatin-expressing neurons in the zona incerta (ZISST) of preweaning mice that responds dynamically to social interactions, particularly those with their mother. Bidirectional neural activity manipulations in pups revealed that widespread connectivity of preweaning ZISST neurons to sensory, emotional, and cognitive brain centers mediates two key adaptive functions associated with maternal presence: the reduction of behavior distress and the facilitation of learning. These findings reveal a population of neurons in the infant mouse brain that coordinate the positive effects of the relationship with the mother on an infant's behavior and physiology.

Myeloid-specific Hdac10 deletion protects against LPS-induced acute lung injury via P62 acetylation at lysine 165.

BACKGROUND: Aberrant activation of macrophages is associated with pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI). However, the potential pathogenesis has not been explored. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to identify whether histone deacetylase (HDAC) 10 is involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-exposed ALI and reveal the underlying pathogenesis by which it promotes lung inflammation in LPS-exposed ALI via modifying P62 with deacetylation. METHODS: We constructed an ALI mice model stimulated with LPS to determine the positive effect of Hdac10 deficiency. Moreover, we cultured murine alveolar macrophage cell line (MH-S cells) and primary bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) to explore the pro-inflammatory activity and mechanism of HDAC10 after LPS challenge. RESULTS: HDAC10 expression was increased both in mice lung tissues and macrophage cell lines and promoted inflammatory cytokines production exposed to LPS. Hdac10 deficiency inhibited autophagy and inflammatory response after LPS stimulation. In vivo, Hdac10fl/fl-LysMCre mice considerably attenuated lung inflammation and inflammatory cytokines release exposed to LPS. Mechanistically, HDAC10 interacts with P62 and mediates P62 deacetylation at lysine 165 (K165), by which it promotes P62 expression and increases inflammatory cytokines production. Importantly, we identified that Salvianolic acid B (SAB), an HDAC10 inhibitor, reduces lung inflammatory response in LPS-stimulated ALI. CONCLUSION: These results uncover a previously unknown role for HDAC10 in regulating P62 deacetylation and aggravating lung inflammation in LPS-induced ALI, implicating that targeting HDAC10 is an effective therapy for LPS-exposed ALI.

Therapeutic effects of exendin-4 on spinal cord injury via restoring autophagy function and decreasing necroptosis in neuron.

AIMS: Necroptosis is one of programmed death that may aggravate spinal cord injury (SCI). We aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of exendin-4 (EX-4) on the recovery of motor function and necroptosis after SCI. METHODS: The SD rats with left hemisection in the T10 spinal cord as SCI model were used. The behavior tests were measured within 4 weeks. The effects of EX-4 on necroptosis-associated proteins and autophagy flux were explored. In addition, the SHSY5Y cell model was introduced to explore the direct effect of EX-4 on neurons. The effect of lysosome was explored using mTOR activator and AO staining. RESULTS: EX-4 could improve motor function and limb strength, promote the recovery of autophagy flux, and accelerate the degradation of necroptosis-related protein at 3 d after injury in rats. EX-4 reduced lysosome membrane permeability, promoted the recovery of lysosome function and autophagy flux, and accelerated the degradation of necroptosis-related proteins by inhibiting the phosphorylation level of mTOR in the SHSY5Y cell model. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrated that EX-4 may improve motor function after SCI via inhibiting mTOR phosphorylation level and accelerating the degradation of necroptosis-related proteins in neurons. Our findings may provide new therapeutic targets for clinical treatment after SCI.

Intensive Versus Moderate Statin-Based Therapies in Patients With Mild Ischemic Stroke: A Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Statins are widely used for treating patients with ischemic stroke at risk of secondary cerebrovascular events. It is unknown whether Asian populations benefit from more intensive statin-based therapy for stroke recurrence. Therefore, in the present study we evaluated the effectiveness and safety of high-dose and moderate-dose statins for patients who had experienced mild ischemic stroke during the acute period. METHODS AND RESULTS: This multicenter prospective study included patients with mild ischemic stroke who presented within 72 hours of symptom onset. The outcomes of patients in the high-intensity and moderate-intensity statin treatment groups were compared, with the main efficacy outcome being stroke recurrence and the primary safety end point being intracranial hemorrhage. The propensity score matching method was employed to control for imbalances in baseline variables. Subgroup analyses were conducted to evaluate group differences. In total, the data of 2950 patients were analyzed at 3 months, and the data of 2764 patients were analyzed at 12 months due to loss to follow-up. According to the multivariable Cox analyses adjusted for potential confounders, stroke recurrence occurred similarly in the high-intensity statin and moderate-intensity statin groups (3 months: adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.12 [95% CI, 0.85-1.49]; P=0.424; 12 months: adjusted HR, 1.08 [95% CI, 0.86-1.34]; P=0.519). High-intensity statin therapy was associated with an increased risk of intracranial hemorrhage (3 months: adjusted HR, 1.81 [95% CI, 1.00-3.25]; P=0.048; 12 months: adjusted HR, 1.86 [95% CI, 1.10-3.16]; P=0.021). The results from the propensity score-matched analyses were consistent with those from the Cox proportional hazards analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with moderate-intensity statin therapy, high-dose statin therapy may not decrease the risk of mild, noncardiogenic ischemic stroke recurrence but may increase the risk of intracranial hemorrhage. REGISTRATION: URL: www.chictr.org.cn/. Unique Identifier: ChiCTR1900025214.

Follicular fluid lipidomics analysis reveals altered lipid signatures in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.

BACKGROUND: This research investigates the metabolic profiles of follicular fluid (FF) samples from patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) undergoing in vitro fertilisation and aims to identify diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for PCOS through lipidomic analysis. METHODS: We performed non-targeted lipid analysis of FF samples from women with PCOS (n = 6) and normal controls (n = 6) using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Differential lipids between the two groups were screened using multidimensional statistical analysis, followed by fold change analysis and t-tests to identify potential PCOS biomarkers. RESULTS: Multivariate statistical analysis revealed significant differences in FF lipid levels between the PCOS and control groups. Five different lipids were selected as standards, with p < .05. Phosphatidylcholine (PC), the main differentially expressed lipid, was significantly increased in the FF of the POCS group and was closely related to other lipids. CONCLUSIONS: Using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, we investigated lipid biomarkers based on FF lipidomics to provide useful information for the discovery of diagnostic markers for PCOS. Our study identified five distinct lipids as potential markers of PCOS, with PC being the primary aberrant lipid found in the FF of patients with PCOS.

Follicular fluid (FF) is a complex microenvironment involved in oocyte growth, follicular maturation and germ cell­somatic cell communication. All metabolites during oocyte growth are collected from the FF. This study used lipidomic analysis to identify differences in FF lipids between normal women and those diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The pathogenesis of PCOS is associated with abnormal metabolism of glyceroglycolipids and sphingomyelin. Here, we found that phosphatidylcholine is the main abnormal lipid in FF in patients with PCOS. Our study informs the future research into the development of diagnostic markers for PCOS to be used in clinical practice.

PCSK9 Inhibitor Added to High-Intensity Statin Therapy to Prevent Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Randomized, Double- Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter SHAWN Study.

BACKGROUND: It is currently uncertain whether the combination of a proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitor and high-intensity statin treatment can effectively reduce cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for culprit lesions. METHODS: This study protocol describes a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter study aiming to investigate the efficacy and safety of combining a PCSK9 inhibitor with high-intensity statin therapy in patients with ACS following PCI. A total of 1212 patients with ACS and multiple lesions will be enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either PCSK9 inhibitor plus high-intensity statin therapy or high-intensity statin monotherapy. The randomization process will be stratified by sites, diabetes, initial presentation and use of stable (≥4 weeks) statin treatment at presentation. PCSK 9 inhibitor or its placebo is injected within 4 hours after PCI for the culprit lesion. The primary endpoint is the composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, re-hospitalization due to ACS or heart failure, or any ischemia-driven coronary revascularization at one-year follow-up between two groups. Safety endpoints mean PCSK 9 inhibitor and statin intolerance. CONCLUSION: The SHAWN study has been specifically designed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of adding a PCSK9 inhibitor to high-intensity statin therapy in patients who have experienced ACS following PCI. The primary objective of this study is to generate new evidence regarding the potential benefits of combining a PCSK9 inhibitor with high-intensity statin treatment in reducing cardiovascular events among these patients.

The Correlation of Centromere Protein Q with Diagnosis and Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the major types of liver cancer. Previous studies have shown that the centromere protein family is associated with malignant biological behaviors such as HCC proliferation. As a member of the centromere protein family, centromere protein Q (CENPQ) is closely associated with immunotherapy and immune cell infiltration in various tumors. However, the role and mechanism of CENPQ in HCC remain unclear. Methods: Multiple public databases and RT-qPCR were used to study the expression of CENPQ in HCC. Based on TCGA data, the correlation between CENPQ and clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of HCC patients was analyzed, and its diagnostic value was evaluated. The potential biological functions of CENPQ in HCC were explored by functional enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes. The distribution of tumor-infiltrating immune cell types was assessed using single-sample GSEA, and immune checkpoint gene expression was analyzed using Spearman correlation. Subsequently, loss-of-function experiments were performed to determine the function of CENPQ on the cell cycle and proliferation of HCC cells in vitro. Results: CENPQ was found highly expressed in HCC and correlated with weight, BMI, age, AFP, T stage, pathologic stage, histologic grade, and prothrombin time (all p < 0.05). ROC and Kaplan-Meier analyses indicated that CENPQ may be potentially used as a diagnostic marker for HCC (AUC = 0.881), and its upregulation is associated with decreased OS (p = 0.002), DSS (p < 0.001), and PFI (p = 0.002). Functional enrichment analysis revealed an association of CENPQ with biological processes such as immune cell infiltration, cell cycle, and hippo-merlin signaling deregulation in HCC. Furthermore, knockdown of CENPQ manifested in HCC cells with G0/1 phase cycle arrest and decreased proliferative capacity. Conclusion: CENPQ expression was higher in HCC tissues than in normal liver tissues. It was significantly associated with poor prognosis, immune cell infiltration, cell cycle, and proliferation. Therefore, CENPQ may become a promising prognostic biomarker for HCC patients.

Excess multi-cause mortality linked to influenza virus infection in China, 2012-2021: a population-based study.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to estimate the excess mortality burden of influenza virus infection in China from 2012 to 2021, with a concurrent analysis of its associated disease manifestations. Methods: Laboratory surveillance data on influenza, relevant population demographics, and mortality records, including cause of death data in China, spanning the years 2012 to 2021, were incorporated into a comprehensive analysis. A negative binomial regression model was utilized to calculate the excess mortality rate associated with influenza, taking into consideration factors such as year, subtype, and cause of death. Results: There was no evidence to indicate a correlation between malignant neoplasms and any subtype of influenza, despite the examination of the effect of influenza on the mortality burden of eight diseases. A total of 327,520 samples testing positive for influenza virus were isolated between 2012 and 2021, with a significant decrease in the positivity rate observed during the periods of 2012-2013 and 2019-2020. China experienced an average annual influenza-associated excess deaths of 201721.78 and an average annual excess mortality rate of 14.53 per 100,000 people during the research period. Among the causes of mortality that were examined, respiratory and circulatory diseases (R&C) accounted for the most significant proportion (58.50%). Fatalities attributed to respiratory and circulatory diseases exhibited discernible temporal patterns, whereas deaths attributable to other causes were dispersed over the course of the year. Conclusion: Theoretically, the contribution of these disease types to excess influenza-related fatalities can serve as a foundation for early warning and targeted influenza surveillance. Additionally, it is possible to assess the costs of prevention and control measures and the public health repercussions of epidemics with greater precision.

Targeting a mTOR/autophagy axis: a double-edged sword of rapamycin in spontaneous miscarriage.

Immune dysfunction is a primary culprit behind spontaneous miscarriage (SM). To address this, immunosuppressive agents have emerged as a novel class of tocolytic drugs, modulating the maternal immune system's tolerance towards the embryo. Rapamycin (PubChem CID:5284616), a dual-purpose compound, functions as an immunosuppressive agent and triggers autophagy by targeting the mTOR pathway. Its efficacy in treating SM has garnered significant research interest in recent times. Autophagy, the cellular process of self-degradation and recycling, plays a pivotal role in numerous health conditions. Research indicates that autophagy is integral to endometrial decidualization, trophoblast invasion, and the proper functioning of decidual immune cells during a healthy pregnancy. Yet, in cases of SM, there is a dysregulation of the mTOR/autophagy axis in decidual stromal cells or immune cells at the maternal-fetal interface. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have highlighted the potential benefits of low-dose rapamycin in managing SM. However, given mTOR's critical role in energy metabolism, inhibiting it could potentially harm the pregnancy. Moreover, while low-dose rapamycin has been deemed safe for treating recurrent implant failure, its potential teratogenic effects remain uncertain due to insufficient data. In summary, rapamycin represents a double-edged sword in the treatment of SM, balancing its impact on autophagy and immune regulation. Further investigation is warranted to fully understand its implications.

[Melatonin alleviates autophagy in cortical neurons of neonatal rats with hypoxic- ischemic brain damage via the PI3K/AKT pathway]. / è¤ªé»‘ç´ é€šè¿‡PI3K/AKTé€šè·¯å‡è½»ç¼ºæ°§ç¼ºè¡€æ€§è„‘æŸä¼¤æ–°ç”Ÿå¤§é¼ å¤§è„‘çš®å±‚ç¥žç»ç»†èƒžè‡ªå™¬çš„ç ”ç©¶.

OBJECTIVES: To observe the effects of melatonin on autophagy in cortical neurons of neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) and to explore its mechanisms via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, aiming to provide a basis for the clinical application of melatonin. METHODS: Seven-day-old Sprague-Dawley neonatal rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group, an HIBD group, and a melatonin group (n=9 each). The neonatal rat HIBD model was established using the classic Rice-Vannucci method. Neuronal morphology in the neonatal rat cerebral cortex was observed with hematoxylin-eosin staining and Nissl staining. Autophagy-related protein levels of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and Beclin-1 were detected by immunofluorescence staining and Western blot analysis. Phosphorylated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (p-PI3K) and phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT) protein expression levels were measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The correlation between autophagy and the PI3K pathway in the melatonin group and the HIBD group was analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-four hours post-modeling, neurons in the sham operation group displayed normal size and orderly arrangement. In contrast, neurons in the HIBD group showed swelling and disorderly arrangement, while those in the melatonin group had relatively normal morphology and more orderly arrangement. Nissl bodies were normal in the sham operation group but distorted in the HIBD group; however, they remained relatively intact in the melatonin group. The average fluorescence intensity of LC3 and Beclin-1 was higher in the HIBD group compared to the sham operation group, but was reduced in the melatonin group compared to the HIBD group (P<0.05). The number of p-PI3K+ and p-AKT+ cells decreased in the HIBD group compared to the sham operation group but increased in the melatonin group compared to the HIBD group (P<0.05). LC3 and Beclin-1 protein expression levels were higher, and p-PI3K and p-AKT levels were lower in the HIBD group compared to the sham operation group (P<0.05); however, in the melatonin group, LC3 and Beclin-1 levels decreased, and p-PI3K and p-AKT increased compared to the HIBD group (P<0.05). The correlation analysis results showed that the difference of the mean fluorescence intensity of LC3 and Beclin-1 protein in the injured cerebral cortex between the melatonin and HIBD groups was negatively correlated with the difference of the number of p-PI3K+ and p-AKT+ cells between the two groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Melatonin can inhibit excessive autophagy in cortical neurons of neonatal rats with HIBD, thereby alleviating HIBD. This mechanism is associated with the PI3K/AKT pathway.

Rft1 catalyzes lipid-linked oligosaccharide translocation across the ER membrane.

The eukaryotic asparagine (N)-linked glycan is pre-assembled as a fourteen-sugar oligosaccharide on a lipid carrier in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Seven sugars are first added to dolichol pyrophosphate (PP-Dol) on the cytoplasmic face of the ER, generating Man5GlcNAc2-PP-Dol (M5GN2-PP-Dol). M5GN2-PP-Dol is then flipped across the bilayer into the lumen by an ER translocator. Genetic studies identified Rft1 as the M5GN2-PP-Dol flippase in vivo but are at odds with biochemical data suggesting Rft1 is dispensable for flipping in vitro. Thus, the question of whether Rft1 plays a direct or an indirect role during M5GN2-PP-Dol translocation has been controversial for over two decades. We describe a completely reconstituted in vitro assay for M5GN2-PP-Dol translocation and demonstrate that purified Rft1 catalyzes the translocation of M5GN2-PP-Dol across the lipid bilayer. These data, combined with in vitro results demonstrating substrate selectivity and rft1∆ phenotypes, confirm the molecular identity of Rft1 as the M5GN2-PP-Dol ER flippase.

Intravascular Ultrasound vs Angiography-Guided Drug-Coated Balloon Angioplasty: The ULTIMATE â ¢ Trial.

BACKGROUND: Drug-coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty seems a safe and effective option for specific de novo coronary lesions. However, the beneficial effect of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-guided DCB angioplasty in de novo lesions remains uncertain. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the benefits of IVUS guidance over angiography guidance during DCB angioplasty in de novo coronary lesions. METHODS: A total of 260 patients with high bleeding risk who had a de novo coronary lesion (reference vessel diameter 2.0-4.0 mm, and lesion length ≤15 mm) were randomly assigned to either an IVUS-guided or an angioplasty-guided DCB angioplasty group. The primary endpoint was in-segment late lumen loss (LLL) at 7 months after procedure. The secondary endpoint was target vessel failure at 6 months. RESULTS: A total of 2 patients in the angiography-guided group and 7 patients in the IVUS-guided group underwent bailout stent implantation (P = 0.172). The primary endpoint of 7-month LLL was 0.03 ± 0.52 mm with angiography guidance vs -0.10 ± 0.34 mm with IVUS guidance (mean difference 0.14 mm; 95% CI: 0.02-0.26; P = 0.025). IVUS guidance was also associated with a larger 7-month minimal lumen diameter (2.06 ± 0.62 mm vs 1.75 ± 0.63 mm; P < 0.001) and a smaller diameter stenosis (28.15% ± 13.88% vs 35.83% ± 17.69%; P = 0.001) compared with angiography guidance. Five target vessel failures occurred at 6 months, with 4 (3.1%) in the angiography-guided group and 1 (0.8%) in the IVUS-guided group (P = 0.370). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that IVUS-guided DCB angioplasty is associated with a lower LLL in patients with a de novo coronary lesion compared with angiography guidance. (Intravascular Ultrasound Versus Angiography Guided Drug-Coated Balloon [ULTIMATE-III]; NCT04255043).

A full-length glycoprotein mRNA vaccine confers complete protection against severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus, with broad-spectrum protective effects against bandaviruses.

Highly pathogenic viruses from family Phenuiviridae, which are mainly transmitted by arthropods, have intermittently sparked epidemics worldwide. In particular, tick-borne bandaviruses, such as severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), continue to spread in mountainous areas, resulting in an average mortality rate as high as 10.5%, highlighting the urgency and importance of vaccine development. Here, an mRNA vaccine developed based on the full-length SFTSV glycoprotein, containing both the receptor-binding domain and the fusion domain, was shown to confer complete protection against SFTSV at a very low dose by triggering a type 1 helper T cell-biased cellular immune response in rodents. Moreover, the vaccine candidate elicited long-term immunity and protection against SFTSV for at least 5 months. Notably, it provided complete cross-protection against other bandaviruses, such as the Heartland virus and Guertu virus, in lethal challenge models. Further research revealed that the conserved epitopes among bandaviruses within the full-length SFTSV glycoprotein may facilitate broad-spectrum protection mediated by the cellular immune response. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the full-length SFTSV glycoprotein mRNA vaccine is a promising vaccine candidate for SFTSV and other bandaviruses, and provide guidance for the development of broad-spectrum vaccines from conserved antigens and epitopes. IMPORTANCE: Tick-borne bandaviruses, such as SFTSV and Heartland virus, sporadically trigger outbreaks in addition to influenza viruses and coronaviruses, yet there are no specific vaccines or therapeutics against them. mRNA vaccine technology has advantages in terms of enabling in situ expression and triggering cellular immunity, thus offering new solutions for vaccine development against intractable viruses, such as bandaviruses. In this study, we developed a novel vaccine candidate for SFTSV by employing mRNA vaccination technology and using a full-length glycoprotein as an antigen target. This candidate vaccine confers complete and durable protection against SFTSV at a notably low dose while also providing cross-protection against Heartland virus and Guertu virus. This study highlights the prospective value of full-length SFTSV-glycoprotein-based mRNA vaccines and suggests a potential strategy for broad-spectrum bandavirus vaccines.

Serum cytokines and creatinine/cystatin C ratio as prognostic biomarkers in advanced cancer patients treated with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy.

OBJECTIVE: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), specifically targeting the programmed cell death protein-1 or its ligand (PD-1/PD-L1), have been extensively used in the treatment of a spectrum of malignancies, although the predictive biomarkers remain to be elucidated. This study aims to investigate the association between baseline circulating levels of cytokines and the creatinine/cystatin C ratio (CCR) with the treatment outcomes of ICIs in patients with advanced cancer. METHODS: The pre-treatment circulating levels of 10 cytokines (PD-L1, CTLA4, CXCL10, LAG3, HGF, CCL2, MIG, GRANB, IL-18, and IL-6) were measured via automated capillary-based immunoassay platform in the serum of 65 advanced cancer patients treated with anti-PD-1/PD-L1-based systemic therapy and 10 healthy volunteers. The levels of cytokines and CCR were quantified and categorized into high and low groups based on the median value. The associations of serum cytokines and CCR with response to treatment, survival, and immune-related adverse events were assessed. RESULTS: Elevated circulating levels of 6 cytokines (PD-L1, CXCL10, HGF, CCL2, MIG, and IL-6) were observed in cancer patients compared with that in healthy volunteers. The correlation coefficients between cytokines, CCR and nutritional risk index were also calculated. In the cancer cohort (N = 65), low circulating HGF (P = 0.023, P = 0.029), low IL-6 (P = 0.002, P < 0.001), and high CCR (P = 0.031, P = 0.008) were associated with significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Multi-variable COX analyses adjusted for clinicopathological factors revealed that low HGF, low IL-6, and high CCR were independent favorable prognostic factors for PFS (P = 0.028, P = 0.010, and P = 0.015, respectively) and OS (P = 0.043, P = 0.003, and P = 0.026, respectively). Grade 2 irAEs occurred more frequently in patients with low levels of circulating CCL2 and LAG3. CONCLUSIONS: Pre-treatment circulating levels of serum IL-6, HGF, and CCR may serve as independent predictive and prognostic biomarkers in advanced cancer patients treated with ICIs-based systemic therapy. These findings might help to identify potential patients who would benefit from these therapies.

An efficient method for rapid screening of triterpenoid saponins in three Glycyrrhiza species using rapid resolution liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry combined with mass defect filtering.

Triterpenoid saponins, a major bioactive component of liquorice, possess high hydrophilicity and often co-occur with other impurities of similar polarity. Additionally, subtle structural differences of some triterpenoid saponins bring challenges to comprehensive characterisation. In this study, triterpenoid saponins of three Glycyrrhiza species were systematically analysed using rapid resolution liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (RRLC-Q-TOF-MS) coupled with mass defect filtering (MDF). Firstly, comprehensive date acquisition was achieved using RRLC-Q-TOF-MS. Secondly, a polygonal MDF method was established by summarizing known and speculated substituents and modifications based on the core structure to rapidly screen potential triterpenoid saponins. Thirdly, based on the fragmentation patterns of reference compounds, an identification strategy for characterisation of triterpenoid saponins was proposed. The strategy divided triterpenoid saponins into three distinct classes. By this strategy, 98 triterpenoid saponins including 10 potential new ones were tentatively characterised. Finally, triterpenoid saponins of three Glycyrrhiza species were further analysed using principle component analysis (PCA) and orthogonality partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Among these, 18 compounds with variable importance in projections (VIP) > 1.0 and P values < 0.05 were selected to distinguish three Glycyrrhiza species. Overall, our study provided a reference for quality control and rational use of the three species.

Discovery of Novel Cholinesterase Inhibitors Easily Crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier via Structure-Property Relationship Investigation: Methylenedioxy-Cinnamicamide Containing Tertiary Amine Side Chain.

In the present investigation, a series of dimethoxy or methylenedioxy substituted-cinnamamide derivatives containing tertiary amine moiety (N. N-Dimethyl, N, N-diethyl, Pyrrolidine, Piperidine, Morpholine) were synthesized and evaluated for cholinesterase inhibition and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Although their chemical structures are similar, their biological activities exhibit diversity. The results showed that all compounds except for those containing morpholine group exhibited moderate to potent acetylcholinesterase inhibition. Preliminary screening of BBB permeability shows that methylenedioxy substituted compounds have better brain permeability than the others. Compound 10c, containing methylenedioxy and pyrrolidine side chain, showed a better acetylcholinesterase inhibition (IC50: 1.52±0.19 µmol/L) and good blood-brain barrier permeability. Further pharmacokinetic investigation of compound 10c using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-mass/mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) in mice showed that compound 10c in brain tissue reached its peak concentration (857.72±93.56 ng/g) after dosing 30 min. Its half-life in the serum is 331 min (5.52 h), and the CBrain/CSerum at various sampling points is ranged from 1.65 to 4.71(Mean: 2.76) within 24 hours. This investigation provides valuable information on the chemistry and pharmacological diversity of cinnamic acid derivatives and may be beneficial for the discovery of central nervous system drugs.