The Role of TcCYP6K1 and TcCYP9F2 Influences Trehalose Metabolism under High-CO2 Stress in Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera).

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP), crucial detoxification enzymes in insects, are involved in the metabolism of endogenous substances as well as the activation and degradation of exogenous compounds. In this study, T. castaneum was utilized to investigate the roles of TcCYP6K1 and TcCYP9F2 genes influencing in the trehalose metabolism pathway under high-CO2 stress. By predicting the functional sequences of TcCYP6K1 and TcCYP9F2 genes and analyzing their spatiotemporal expression patterns, it was discovered that both genes belong to the CYP3 group and exhibit high expression levels during the larval stage, decreasing during the pupal stage, while showing high expression in the fatty body, intestine, and malpighian tubules. Furthermore, following the knockdown of TcCYP6K1 and TcCYP9F2 genes in combination with treating larvae with 75% CO2, it was observed that larval mortality increased, and glycogen content significantly decreased, while trehalose content increased significantly. Additionally, membrane-bound trehalase enzyme activity declined, TPS gene expression was significantly upregulated, GS gene expression was significantly downregulated, and ATP content showed a marked decrease. In conclusion, CYP genes are critical responsive genes of T. castaneum to high CO2 levels, potentially impacting the insect's resistance to carbon dioxide through their involvement in the synthesis or breakdown of the carbohydrate metabolism pathway. These findings could serve as a theoretical basis for the utilization of novel pesticides in low-oxygen grain storage techniques and offer new insights for environmentally friendly pest control strategies in grain storage.

Association between parenting styles and dyslexia in primary school students: the mediating role of home literacy environment.

Background: Despite an increasing amount of research on the relationship between parenting styles and neurodevelopmental disorders, there has been minimal focus on how parenting styles impact children's reading abilities. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential mediating role of the home literacy environment in the connection between parenting styles and dyslexia. Methods: A total of 212 primary school students from grade 2-5 were recruited for this study. The Chinese Reading Ability Test was used to screen children with dyslexia. The home literacy environment was evaluated using a structured questionnaire that measured the frequency and quality of reading-related activities between parents and children. Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran questionnaire was used to assess the parenting style, including emotional warmth, rejection, overprotection, and anxious rearing. It is a self-report tool filled out by the children themselves, used to assess their perceptions of their parents' parenting styles. The structural equation modeling was carried out to evaluate the direct, indirect, and total effects of parenting styles on dyslexia. Results: Compared to control group, male children with dyslexia had lower scores in parenting styles characterized by emotional warmth, overprotecting and anxious rearing (p < 0.05), while female children with dyslexia only showed lower scores in anxious rearing (p < 0.05). Children with dyslexia lacked regular reading time (OR = 2.69, 95%CI: 1.04-6.97, p < 0.05), and have higher homework pressure compared to normal children (OR = 7.41, 95%CI: 1.45-37.82, p < 0.05). Additionally, emotional warmth, paternal overprotection and anxious rearing were negatively associated with dyslexia in children (all p < 0.05). Our findings indicate a strong correlation between dyslexia, home literacy environment, and parenting styles. In a structural equation model, the home literacy environment was identified as an independent mediator between parenting styles and dyslexia. The total effect of parenting styles on dyslexia is 0.55, with an indirect effect of 0.68 mediated by the home literacy environment. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that home literacy environment serves as a mediator between parenting styles and dyslexia in children. This study highlights how parenting styles influence dyslexia, offering key insights for aiding dyslexic children and guiding effective interventions.

A highly sensitive Lock-Cas12a biosensor for detection and imaging of miRNA-21 in breast cancer cells.

The expression levels of microRNA (miRNA) vary significantly in correlation with the occurrence and progression of cancer, making them valuable biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. However, their quantitative detection faces challenges due to the high sequence homology, low abundance and small size. In this work, we established a strand displacement amplification (SDA) approach based on miRNA-triggered structural "Lock" nucleic acid ("Lock" DNA), coupled with the CRISPR/Cas12a system, for detecting miRNA-21 in breast cancer cells. The "Lock" DNA freed the CRISPR-derived RNA (crRNA) from the dependence on the target sequence and greatly facilitated the extended detection of different miRNAs. Moreover, the CRISPR/Cas12a system provided excellent amplification ability and specificity. The designed biosensor achieved high sensitivity detection of miRNA-21 with a limit of detection (LOD) of 28.8 aM. In particular, the biosensor could distinguish breast cancer cells from other cancer cells through intracellular imaging. With its straightforward sequence design and ease of use, the Lock-Cas12a biosensor offers significant advantages for cell imaging and early clinical diagnosis.

Comparative transcriptomic and metabolomics analysis of modified atmosphere responses in Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae).

Modified atmosphere is effective in controlling Tribolium castaneum Herbst, but it has adaptations. Comprehending the potential mechanism of resistance to T. castaneum in a modified atmosphere will help advance related management methods. This study conducted a comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis to understand the physiological mechanism of T. castaneum in adapting to CO2 stress. Results showed that there were a large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in T. castaneum treated with different concentrations of CO2. Gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed significant enrichment of DEGs mainly in binding, catalytic activity, cell, membrane, membrane part, protein-containing complex, biological regulation, and cellular and metabolic process. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that different treatments had different effects on the metabolic pathways of T. castaneum. DEGs induced by 25% CO2 were involved in arginine and proline metabolism, and 50% air + 50% CO2 treatment affected most kinds of metabolic pathways, mainly the signal transduction pathway, including PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, AMPK signaling pathway, neurotrophin signaling pathway, insulin signaling pathway, and thyroid hormone signaling. Ribosome and DNA replication were enriched under high CO2 stress (75% and 95%). The metabolomics revealed that different concentrations of CO2 treatments might inhibit the growth of T. castaneum through acidosis, or they may adapt to anoxic conditions through histamine and N-acetylhistamine. Multiple analyses have shown significant changes in histamine and N-acetylhistamine levels, as well as their associated genes, with increasing CO2 concentration. In conclusion, this study comprehensively revealed the molecular mechanism of T. castaneum responding to CO2 stress and provided the basis for an effectively modified atmosphere in the T. castaneum.

Ultrasensitive miRNA Detection Based on Magnetic Upconversion Nanoparticle Enhancement and CRISPR/Cas13a-Driven Signal Amplification.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small molecules with important regulatory functions, have been widely used in the field of biosensing as biomarkers for the early diagnosis of various diseases. Therefore, it is crucial to develop an miRNA detection platform with high sensitivity and specificity. Here, we have designed a CRISPR/Cas13-based enzymatic cyclic amplification system and regarded the magnetic upconversion nanoparticles (MUCNPs) as a biosensor of outputting the detection signal for the highly sensitive and high-fidelity detection of miRNAs. MUCNPs were composed of UCNPs (fluorescence donors) and Fe3O4@AuNPs (fluorescence acceptors) through double-stranded DNA hybrid coupling. The target miRNA acted as an activator, which could activate the trans-cleavage activity of Cas13a to the well-designed Trigger containing two uracil ribonucleotides (rU) in its loop and trigger a strand displacement reaction to generate a large amount of single-stranded DNA, resulting in the release of the UCNPs from MUCNPs. Benefiting from the high fidelity and high selectivity of CRISPR/Cas13a, the great effect of triggered enzymatic cycle amplification, and the high-intensity luminescent signal of MUCNPs, this method possessed miRNA detection capability with high sensitivity and specificity even in the complex environment with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and a serum sample. Meanwhile, the detection limit could be as low as 83.2 fM. In addition, this method effectively reduced the effect of photobleaching and maintained high stability, which was expected to achieve efficient and sensitive miRNA detection.

Home reading environment, sociometric and demographic factors associated with dyslexia in primary school students in China: A case-control study.

Background: Developmental dyslexia (DD) has been generally recognized as a multifactorial psychological disorder in recent decades. However, studies on reading and learning environment, social and demographic factors affecting Chinese developmental dyslexia (DD) are still scarce in China. This study aims to explore multidimensional home influencing factors associated with DD before and after birth. Methods: A total of 60 dyslexic and 252 normal elementary school students graded 2-5 were recruited in Shantou, China. The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression model was used for the social and demographic variables screening. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between DD and related factors were estimated by multivariate logistic regression models. Results: Through LASSO regression, we ultimately identified 13 key variables, including maternal education level and family monthly income, among others. The logistic regression analyses showed that the risk of DD was higher in children with lower maternal education levels. Divergent parenting styles may be a risk factor for developing DD as opposed to consistent parenting styles (OR = 4.93, 95%CI: 1.11-21.91). Children whose mothers suffered from malnutrition during pregnancy were more likely to develop DD (OR = 10.31, 95%CI: 1.84-37.86), as well as exposure to second-hand smoking at home every day (OR = 5.33, 95%CI: 1.52-18.66). Interestingly, children's active reading (OR = 0.26, 95%CI: 0.08-0.84; OR = 0.17, 95%CI: 0.04-0.76 for "sometimes" and "often" compared to none, respectively), children having extracurricular reading fairy tale books (OR = 0.37, 95%CI: 0.15-0.90), and children having extracurricular reading composition books (OR = 0.25, 95%CI: 0.09-0.69) were significant protective factors for DD. Conclusions: Home reading environment, several educational, sociometric and demographic factors may influence the development of dyslexia. We should pay attention to these factors on the development of dyslexia, so as to provide the well social and familial environment to ensure the healthy development of children.

Detection and Treatment of Helicobacter pylori: Problems and Advances.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is chronic and etiologically linked to gastric cancer (GC) derived from gastric epithelium. The potential mechanism is complex, covering chronic inflammation, epithelial senescence, NF-κB activation, the cytotoxin-associated gene A protein translocation, and related abnormal signaling pathways. In clinical practice, the test-and-treat strategy, endoscopy-based strategy, and (family-based) screen-and-treat strategy are recommended to detect H. pylori and prevent GC. It has been demonstrated that the decreasing annual incidence of GC is largely attributable to the management of H. pylori. This study reviews the current clinical practice of H. pylori on the detection and eradication, alternative treatment strategies, and related problems and advances, and hopes to contribute to the better clinical management of H. pylori.

Highly expressed miR-504 in gastric cancer tissues regulates the biological behaviors of gastric cancer cell BGC-823 through TP53INP1 / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#[摘 要] 目的：探究微小RNA-504（miRNA-504）在胃癌（GC）组织中的表达水平及其对GC细胞生物学行为的调控机制。方法：收集2020年6月至2020年12月期间三亚中心医院外科收治的48例胃癌患者的肿瘤组织及癌旁组织标本，qPCR检测组织中miR-504、肿瘤蛋白53诱导型核蛋白1（tumor protein 53-induced nuclear protein 1，TP53INP1）mRNA的水平，WB法检测TP53INP1水平。体外培养人胃癌细胞BGC-823，分为对照组（正常培养的BGC-823细胞）、miR-504 mimic组、mimic-NC组、miR-504 inhibitor组、inhibitor-NC组、miR-504 inhibitor+si-NC组、miR-504 inhibitor+si-TP53INP1组，qPCR检测细胞中miR-504和TP53INP1 mRNA的表达，MTT法、流式细胞术、划痕实验和Transwell侵袭实验分别检测各组细胞的增殖、凋亡、迁移和侵袭能力，WB法检测各组细胞中增殖、迁移和侵袭相关蛋白（Cyclin D1、E-cadherin、MMP-2、MMP-9）以及TP53INP1的表达。双荧光素酶报告基因实验进一步验证miR-504与TP53INP1 mRNA的靶向关系。结果：与癌旁组织相比，胃癌组织中miR-504的表达显著升高（P<0.05），而TP53INP1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平显著降低（P<0.05或P<0.01），miR-504和TP53INP mRNA两者的表达呈负相关（P<0.01）。与对照组相比，miR-504 mimic组BGC-823细胞中miR-504的表达显著升高（P<0.05）、TP53INP1 mRNA和蛋白的表达显著降低（均P<0.05），且细胞增殖率、划痕愈合率、侵袭入Transwell小室下层的细胞数量，Cyclin D1、MMP-2、MMP-9蛋白表达均显著增加，细胞凋亡率和E-cadherin蛋白表达均显著降低（均P<0.05）。转染miR-504 inhibitor能显著下调BGC-823中miR-504的表达、上调TP53INP1 mRNA和蛋白的表达，抑制细胞的增殖、迁移与侵袭能力而促进细胞凋亡（均P<0.05）；而下调TP53INP1的表达可明显减弱miR-504下调对BGC-823细胞增殖、迁移与侵袭的抑制作用（P<0.01）。miR-504高表达能明显抑制野生型TP53INP1质粒的荧光素酶活性（P<0.05）。结论：miR-504在胃癌组织中呈高表达，下调miR-504可抑制胃癌BGC-823细胞的恶性生物学行为而促进其凋亡，其作用机制可能与靶向调控TP53INP1的表达有关。