ABSTRACT
AIM: To compare the diagnostic validity of NIA-AA criteria, for AD CSF biomarkers, with our own new criteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 2008 and 2011, 170 patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) were included. CSF levels of Aß1-42, T-tau, P-tau181, and ratios of T-tau/Aß1-42 and P-tau181/Aß1-42 were analyzed. In our criteria, we considered 3 or more abnormal variables indicative of a high likelihood of MCI due to AD. RESULTS: After a clinical follow-up of 4.5 ± 1.2 years, 44 patients remained stable, 95 developed AD, 15 other forms of dementia, 7 died and 9 received other diagnoses. Using the NIA-AA criteria and our own criteria, the diagnostic validity of the CSF biomarkers was 58% versus 85%, specificity 84% versus 72%, PPV 82% versus 79% and NPV 61% versus 79%. CONCLUSION: The inclusion of the ratios in diagnostic criteria increases sensitivity and NPV for the diagnosis of MCI due to AD.
Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease/cerebrospinal fluid , Amyloid beta-Peptides/cerebrospinal fluid , Biomarkers/cerebrospinal fluid , Cognitive Dysfunction/cerebrospinal fluid , Peptide Fragments/cerebrospinal fluid , tau Proteins/cerebrospinal fluid , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , National Institute on Aging (U.S.)/standards , Practice Guidelines as Topic/standards , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity , United StatesABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: clinical pathways are standard health care methods to coordinate clinical work, reduce inter-clinician variability, improve patient care and increase staff and patient satisfaction. The aim of this study is to develop a clinical pathway capable of organising and developing standard procedures for diagnosis, treatment and care in patients with multiple sclerosis and to coordinate all medical specialists involved in this disease. METHODS: a multidisciplinary unit for the care of MS patients was developed. All of them and quality specialists analysed some international evidence-based studies, clinical guides, international guidelines and other clinical neurological pathways in several meetings and designed several documents for the clinical pathways. RESULTS: a clinical pathway was created consisting of a scientific-technical framework, which arranges the care in relation to the diagnosis and reatment. The framework is accompanied by various patient-information documents on the disease, an information sheet on diagnostic procedures and a map of the process. Quality standards were established to achieve continuous improvement in patient care. CONCLUSIONS: a clinical pathway for the care of MS patients in a multidisciplinary unit homogenises and organises the care which the MSpatient should receive from the initial symptoms to the progressive stages. This clinical pathway improves the quality of patient care, reduces the variability in work protocols and rationalises the use of the available health care resources.
Subject(s)
Critical Pathways , Multiple Sclerosis/therapy , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Humans , Multiple Sclerosis/diagnosis , Patient Satisfaction , Quality ControlABSTRACT
Introducción: Las vías clínicas (VC) son herramientas para coordinar el trabajo asistencial, reducir la variabilidad entre el personal sanitario y mejorar la atención y el cuidado del paciente. La esclerosis múltiple (EM) es una enfermedad neurológica crónica que afecta a pacientes jóvenes y es incapacitante. El objetivo es desarrollar una vía clínica para mejorar el diagnóstico, el tratamiento y la atención de los pacientes con EM y, asimismo, facilitar la coordinación de todos los especialistas implicados en este proceso. Método: Siguiendo el modelo FOCUS-PDCA se organiza un equipo de trabajo integrado por diferentes profesionales implicados en la atención del paciente con EM. Se realiza una revisión bibliográfica exhaustiva y se llega a consenso; así, se diseñan los documentos de la VC con base en la evidencia científica. Resultados: Se crea una vía clínica compuesta por los siguientes elementos: una matriz temporal con una serie de anexos para ordenar el proceso diagnóstico y el tratamiento, un impreso de información a los pacientes sobre las pruebas diagnósticas, una hoja de información sobre la enfermedad y un mapa de procesos, una encuesta de evaluación de la calidad percibida y un documento con indicadores de calidad para evaluar la VC. Conclusiones: El desarrollo de una VC de EM facilita la atención multidisciplinaria y mejora la calidad asistencial. Esta propuesta es novedosa al enfocar la atención integral de la EM desde su inicio, tanto en aspectos diagnósticos como terapéuticos, incluyendo el ámbito ambulatorio (AU)
Introduction: Clinical pathways are standard health care methods to coordinate clinical work, reduce inter-clinician variability, improve patient care and increase staff and patient satisfaction. The aim of this study is to develop a clinical pathway capable of organising and developing standard procedures for diagnosis, treatment and care in patients with multiple sclerosis and to coordinate all medical specialists involved in this disease. Methods: A multidisciplinary unit for the care of MS patients was developed. All of them and quality specialists analysed some international evidence-based studies, clinical guides, international guidelines and other clinical neurological pathways in several meetings and designed several documents for the clinical pathways. Results: A clinical pathway was created consisting of a scientific-technical framework, which arranges the care in relation to the diagnosis and reatment. The framework is accompanied by various patient-information documents on the disease, an information sheet on diagnostic procedures and a map of the process. Quality standards were established to achieve continuous improvement in patient care. Conclusions: A clinical pathway for the care of MS patients in a multidisciplinary unit homogenises and organises the care which the MSpatient should receive from the initial symptoms to the progressive stages. This clinical pathway improves the quality of patient care, reduces the variability in work protocols and rationalises the use of the available health care resources (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Multiple Sclerosis/therapy , Clinical Protocols/standards , Hospital Units/organization & administration , Practice Patterns, Physicians' , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health CareABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: There are 4 immunomodulator treatments approved as first line therapy for patients with re-lapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). The objective of this study is to assess if glatiramer acetate (GA) is useful or not in patients who have discontinued interferon beta due to a suboptimal response or adverse events. METHODS: This is an observational and retrospective study in RRMS patients who discontinued IFN-beta therapy (2.9+/-2.4 years of treatment) and switched to GA (1.9+/-1.4 years). They were classified in 2 groups depending on the reason for discontinuation: suboptimal response or side effects. In both treatments we analysed number of relapses, treatment duration and causes of discontinuation. RESULTS: We included 58 patients of which 20 discontinued IFN-beta for lack of effectiveness whereas 38 were due to adverse events. Patients who discontinued for suboptimal response changed from 1.38 +/- 0.95 relapses per year with IFN-beta to 0.52+/-0.86 with GA. Patients who discontinued for adverse events changed from 0.33 +/- 0.64 relapses per year with IFN-beta to 0.37+/-0.79 with GA. CONCLUSIONS: GA can be considered a good alternative treatment for MS patients with a suboptimal response or adverse events with IFN-beta which confirms the existence of different mechanisms of action in both drugs.
Subject(s)
Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Interferon-beta/therapeutic use , Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/drug therapy , Peptides/therapeutic use , Adult , Disease Progression , Female , Glatiramer Acetate , Humans , Interferon-beta/adverse effects , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
A survey was carried out on 79 lactating Bos taurus/indicus cross-bred cows on three dual-purpose cattle farms to measure the blood concentration of metabolites and to evaluate possible relationships with nutritional status and productive variables. A rotational grazing system on Star grass and other tropical pastures (10-12% CP in leaves) was used and 2-3 kg/cow/day of concentrate were fed on two farms. Restricted calf suckling was used in two herds. Average milk yield sold per farm was 6 kg/day/cow and body condition scores (BCS) were between 3.0 and 3.8 on a scale of one-to-five. On two farms, the average interval from calving to conception (ICC) was more than 145 days. Mean blood concentrations of albumin, globulin, urea, beta-hydroxybutyrate and phosphorus were generally within reference values, but a significant group of cows had low levels of albumin and urea and high levels of globulin. Packed cell volume (PCV) was below normal values, with anemia in 63% of cows during the second trimester of lactation, which was negatively correlated to milk yield. The high incidence of anemia could be related to factors such as hematophagic parasites, not evaluated in this study. ICC values were negatively related to albumin level and could be associated with protein deficiency in the diet or with disease, as globulin values were high in many cows. Based on these diagnoses, an experiment was carried out on one of the farms to evaluate the influence of supplementation with 0.5 kg/cow/day of fish meal. Total milk yield was not influenced by the fish meal and reproductive efficiency was high in the two supplemental treatments. It was shown that supplementation with undergraded protein is not required in these cows.
