Varicella Orchitis: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Orchitis secondary to chickenpox (Varicella orchitis) is a rare sequelae of a common condition with only nine reports available from the current literature. We describe a case of orchitis secondary to chickenpox in a young male including the management and follow-up. In addition, the authors conducted a comprehensive review of the existing literature. In conclusion, orchitis secondary to chickenpox may lead to testicular atrophy, with potential implications for spermatogenesis, fertility and endocrine function yet to be established.

Retroperitoneal Extrusion of a Staghorn Calculus With a Nephrocutaneous Fistula Following a Percutaneous Nephrostomy: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Renal calculi forming a nidus for chronic infection is an established cause of nephrocutaneous fistulation. Although uncommon, extrusion of renal calculi from the kidney can occur on rare occasions. We describe a case of a spontaneously extruded staghorn calculus measuring 3.5 x 2.5 cm from the kidney into the retroperitoneal space resulting from a neglected nephrostomy tube resulting in a nephrocutaneous fistula. We describe the surgical management of the extruded calculus.