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2.
Rev. bras. cardiol. invasiva ; 17(4): 463-469, out.-dez. 2009. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-543378

ABSTRACT

A valvuloplastia aórtica por balão voltou a ganhar interesse desde o início da era da substituição percutânea da valva aórtica, por ser um procedimento que pode ser repetido como ponte e também por ser boa estratégia para a seleção de pacientes para o novo procedimento. Método: De janeiro de 2001 a janeiro de 2009, 174 pacientes consecutivos com estenose aórtica sintomática grave e alto risco cirúrgico calculado pelo EuroSCORE/STS foram submetidos a valvuloplastia aórtica por balão na França e na Argentina, utilizando-se a mesma técnica. Desse total, 21 (12,1 por cento) precisaram repetir a valvuloplastia aórtica por balão em decorrência de reestenose e os resultados foram comparados aos dos 153 pacientes que realizaram somente o primeiro procedimento. A técnica mais utilizada foi o acesso retrógrado com abordagem femoral utilizando introdutores de 10 F, 12 F ou 14 F, com tamanhos de balão...


Subject(s)
Humans , Catheterization , Aortic Valve Stenosis/surgery , Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation , Bioprosthesis , Echocardiography, Doppler/methods , Echocardiography, Doppler , Heparin/pharmacology
5.
Am J Cardiol ; 99(3): 349-52, 2007 Feb 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17261396

ABSTRACT

The optimal duration of treatment with clopidogrel after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent placement remains controversial. The Randomized Argentine Clopidogrel Stent (RACS) trial was a prospective, randomized, nonblinded study of 1,004 patients undergoing PCI who were randomized after successful bare metal stent placement to 30 versus 180 days of clopidogrel; all patients also received aspirin. Patients were eligible regardless of whether they had presented with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (MI), acute coronary syndrome, or stable angina. The primary end point was a composite of death, MI, and stroke at 180 days. Baseline clinical characteristics showed no differences between groups in terms of age, gender, history, risk factors, or incidence of diabetes; 72% presented with an acute coronary syndrome and 15% had MI as the indication for PCI. At hospital discharge and 30 days, when the 2 groups received the same treatment, there were no significant differences between groups in frequency of death, MI, or stroke. However, from 30 days to 6 months, patients assigned to 6 months of clopidogrel reached the primary end point of death, MI, and stroke less frequently (4.99% vs 1.74%, p = 0.010, relative risk decrease 65%). No significant between-group differences were found in frequency of total bleeding (0.64% vs 1.52%, p = 0.34) for the control and study groups. In conclusion, after successful placement of a bare metal stent in a coronary artery, patients treated with 6 months of clopidogrel showed a trend toward fewer adverse events compared with those treated for 30 days.


Subject(s)
Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary/instrumentation , Myocardial Ischemia/therapy , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Preoperative Care/methods , Stents , Ticlopidine/analogs & derivatives , Aged , Argentina/epidemiology , Clopidogrel , Coronary Angiography , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Myocardial Ischemia/diagnostic imaging , Myocardial Ischemia/mortality , Prospective Studies , Survival Rate/trends , Ticlopidine/therapeutic use , Time Factors
6.
Medicina (B Aires) ; 66(5): 433-8, 2006.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17137173

ABSTRACT

UNLABELLED: It is known that patients with arterial hypertension and ventricular hypertrophy have diastolic alterations, in particular during exercise. However, it is controversial if diastolic dysfunction continues once exercise had concluded. The objective was to assess the effects of isometric exercise on the diastolic function in patients with arterial hypertension. Five control patients (group 1, G1) and 7 patients with arterial hypertension (group 2, G2) were studied. All patients underwent cardiac catheterization and performed isometric exercise until heart rate increased 43 +/- 7%. Left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) were measured. We calculated, +dP/dt(max), the time constant of isovolumic pressure decay (tau) and t1/2 were all measured. RESULTS: The LVSP increased in G1 and G2 during exercise from 140 +/- 3 to 195 +/- 14 mm Hg (p < 0.05) and 161 +/- 9 to 238 +/- 15 mm Hg, respectively; returning to their basal values once exercise had concluded. The tau (tau) and t1/2 increased, while exercising in G2, from 23 +/- 2 and 15 +/- 2 msec to 35 +/- 7 and 23 +/- 4 msec, respectively. After exercise both variables continued elevated reaching 41 +/- 6 msec (p < 0.05) and 23 +/- 3 msec (p < 0.05), respectively. In conclusion, isometric exercise decreases relaxation rate and increases LVEDP in patients with arterial hypertension and ventricular hypertrophy. After exercise, isovolumic relaxation remained altered suggesting the presence of stunned myocardium.


Subject(s)
Blood Pressure/physiology , Exercise/physiology , Hypertension/physiopathology , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology , Isometric Contraction/physiology , Aged , Case-Control Studies , Diastole/physiology , Exercise Test , Female , Heart Rate/physiology , Humans , Hypertension/complications , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/etiology , Male , Myocardial Contraction/physiology , Prospective Studies
7.
Am Heart J ; 151(5): 1093.e1-7, 2006 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16644341

ABSTRACT

UNLABELLED: NT-probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) has been associated with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and adverse outcome in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTEACS). However, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for this association have not been well established. We sought to explore the relation between NT-proBNP levels and extension of coronary artery disease (CAD) and the presence of more complex and severe coronary lesions. METHODS: This prospective, multicenter angiographic substudy included 585 patients admitted with NSTEACS. Blinded measurements of NT-proBNP and troponin T were performed at a median time of 3 hours after admission and analyzed centrally. Angiograms were read at a core laboratory by 2 independent readers blinded to patient data. Complex coronary lesion was defined as the presence of at least one of the following: thrombus (+), TIMI flow < 2, or ulcerated plaque. RESULTS: NT-probrain natriuretic peptide levels increased proportionally as LV function decreased. The levels of NT-proBNP were directly related to the extent of the CAD. This association was maintained when we analyzed patients with normal LV function (n = 257). Patients with complex coronary lesions or those with at least one of its individual component had higher levels of NT-proBNP compared with those without complex coronary lesions. After adjusting for clinical and electrocardiographic variables and other biomarkers, positive troponin (OR 2.20, 95% CI 1.50-3.22, P < .0001) and supramedian NT-proBNP levels (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.19-2.47, P = .003) independently contributed to the prediction of complex coronary lesions. CONCLUSION: In this study of patients with NSTEACS, NT-proBNP levels progressively increase with the severity of CAD and degree of LV dysfunction. Increased levels of NT-proBNP independently predict the presence of more complex coronary lesions.


Subject(s)
Coronary Angiography , Coronary Disease/diagnostic imaging , Coronary Disease/physiopathology , Natriuretic Peptide, Brain/blood , Peptide Fragments/blood , Acute Disease , Aged , Coronary Disease/complications , Female , Humans , Male , Multicenter Studies as Topic , Predictive Value of Tests , Prognosis , Prospective Studies , Severity of Illness Index , Syndrome , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/etiology , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
8.
Rev. argent. cardiol ; 74(1): 19-27, ene.-feb. 2006. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-440314

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: El NT-proBNP se asocia con disfunción ventricular y mala evolución en síndromes coronarios agudos sin elevación del ST (SCA-SEST). La evidencia sobre su valor pronóstico en pacientes con SCA-SEST y función sistólica conservada es escasa. Objetivos: Explorar el valor pronóstico del NT-proBNP en pacientes con SCA-SEST sin disfunción ventricular. Material y métodos: De una cohorte de pacientes con SCA-SEST sometidos a angiografía se seleccionaron 393 con fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo menor igual 40 por ciento. Laboratorios centrales independientes analizaron las angiografías y las determinaciones de NT-proBNP, troponina T, mioglobina y proteína C reactiva. Se empleó un punto de corte de NT-proBNP de 586 pg/ml. El punto final primario fue la incidencia de muerte o infarto a los 180 días. Resultados: Ochenta y tres pacientes (21 por ciento) tuvieron NT-proBNP mayor igual 586 pg/ml y 310 (79 por ciento) niveles < 586 pg/ml. Los pacientes con NT-proBNP elevado eran más añosos, con mayor frecuencia de sexo femenino; tuvieron una proporción mayor de marcadores séricos elevados y una proporción mayor de enfermedad coronaria extensa y de lesiones coronarias complejas. Estos pacientes, comparados con aquellos con NT-proBNP < 586 pg/ml, tuvieron una incidencia mayor de muerte (9,6 por ciento versus 2,3 por ciento; p = 0,002), infarto (9,6 por ciento versus 3,2 por ciento; p = 0,01) y muerte o infarto (16,9 por ciento versus 5,5 por ciento; p = 0,001) a los 180 días. Ajustando por variables clínicas, electrocardiográficas y angiográficas, el NT-proBNP resultó ser un predictor independiente del punto final combinado de muerte o infarto a los 6 meses y de muerte por cualquier causa. Conclusiones: El NT-proBNP es un predictor independiente de muerte e infarto y de muerte global a los 6 meses en pacientes con SCA-SEST sin disfunción ventricular.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Acute Disease , Myocardial Infarction , Myocardial Ischemia , Natriuretic Peptide, Brain/metabolism , Biomarkers/blood , Syndrome
9.
Rev. argent. cardiol ; 74(1): 19-27, ene.-feb. 2006. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-122048

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: El NT-proBNP se asocia con disfunción ventricular y mala evolución en síndromes coronarios agudos sin elevación del ST (SCA-SEST). La evidencia sobre su valor pronóstico en pacientes con SCA-SEST y función sistólica conservada es escasa. Objetivos: Explorar el valor pronóstico del NT-proBNP en pacientes con SCA-SEST sin disfunción ventricular. Material y métodos: De una cohorte de pacientes con SCA-SEST sometidos a angiografía se seleccionaron 393 con fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo menor igual 40 por ciento. Laboratorios centrales independientes analizaron las angiografías y las determinaciones de NT-proBNP, troponina T, mioglobina y proteína C reactiva. Se empleó un punto de corte de NT-proBNP de 586 pg/ml. El punto final primario fue la incidencia de muerte o infarto a los 180 días. Resultados: Ochenta y tres pacientes (21 por ciento) tuvieron NT-proBNP mayor igual 586 pg/ml y 310 (79 por ciento) niveles < 586 pg/ml. Los pacientes con NT-proBNP elevado eran más añosos, con mayor frecuencia de sexo femenino; tuvieron una proporción mayor de marcadores séricos elevados y una proporción mayor de enfermedad coronaria extensa y de lesiones coronarias complejas. Estos pacientes, comparados con aquellos con NT-proBNP < 586 pg/ml, tuvieron una incidencia mayor de muerte (9,6 por ciento versus 2,3 por ciento; p = 0,002), infarto (9,6 por ciento versus 3,2 por ciento; p = 0,01) y muerte o infarto (16,9 por ciento versus 5,5 por ciento; p = 0,001) a los 180 días. Ajustando por variables clínicas, electrocardiográficas y angiográficas, el NT-proBNP resultó ser un predictor independiente del punto final combinado de muerte o infarto a los 6 meses y de muerte por cualquier causa. Conclusiones: El NT-proBNP es un predictor independiente de muerte e infarto y de muerte global a los 6 meses en pacientes con SCA-SEST sin disfunción ventricular. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Natriuretic Peptide, Brain/metabolism , Acute Disease , Myocardial Infarction , Myocardial Ischemia , Biomarkers/blood , Syndrome
10.
Rev. argent. cardiol ; 74(1): 19-27, ene.-feb. 2006. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-119638

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: El NT-proBNP se asocia con disfunción ventricular y mala evolución en síndromes coronarios agudos sin elevación del ST (SCA-SEST). La evidencia sobre su valor pronóstico en pacientes con SCA-SEST y función sistólica conservada es escasa. Objetivos: Explorar el valor pronóstico del NT-proBNP en pacientes con SCA-SEST sin disfunción ventricular. Material y métodos: De una cohorte de pacientes con SCA-SEST sometidos a angiografía se seleccionaron 393 con fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo menor igual 40 por ciento. Laboratorios centrales independientes analizaron las angiografías y las determinaciones de NT-proBNP, troponina T, mioglobina y proteína C reactiva. Se empleó un punto de corte de NT-proBNP de 586 pg/ml. El punto final primario fue la incidencia de muerte o infarto a los 180 días. Resultados: Ochenta y tres pacientes (21 por ciento) tuvieron NT-proBNP mayor igual 586 pg/ml y 310 (79 por ciento) niveles < 586 pg/ml. Los pacientes con NT-proBNP elevado eran más añosos, con mayor frecuencia de sexo femenino; tuvieron una proporción mayor de marcadores séricos elevados y una proporción mayor de enfermedad coronaria extensa y de lesiones coronarias complejas. Estos pacientes, comparados con aquellos con NT-proBNP < 586 pg/ml, tuvieron una incidencia mayor de muerte (9,6 por ciento versus 2,3 por ciento; p = 0,002), infarto (9,6 por ciento versus 3,2 por ciento; p = 0,01) y muerte o infarto (16,9 por ciento versus 5,5 por ciento; p = 0,001) a los 180 días. Ajustando por variables clínicas, electrocardiográficas y angiográficas, el NT-proBNP resultó ser un predictor independiente del punto final combinado de muerte o infarto a los 6 meses y de muerte por cualquier causa. Conclusiones: El NT-proBNP es un predictor independiente de muerte e infarto y de muerte global a los 6 meses en pacientes con SCA-SEST sin disfunción ventricular. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Natriuretic Peptide, Brain/metabolism , Acute Disease , Myocardial Infarction , Myocardial Ischemia , Biomarkers/blood , Syndrome
11.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 66(5): 433-438, 2006. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-451711

ABSTRACT

Es conocido que los pacientes con hipertrofia ventricular por hipertensión arterial presentan alteraciones diastólicas, particularmente durante el ejercicio. Sin embargo, es controvertido si luego del esfuerzo esta disfuncion se normaliza. El objetivo fue evaluar la función diastólica durante y después de la realización de ejercicio, en pacientes con hipertensión arterial. Se estudiaron 6 pacientes controles (grupo 1, G1) y 7 con diagnóstico de hipertensión arterial (Grupo 2, G2). Los pacientes fueron sometidos a un cateterismo cardíaco y realizaron ejercicio isométrico durante el estudio, hasta que la frecuencia cardíaca se incrementó un 43+ o -7% (p<0.05), con respecto al valor basal. Se midió la presión sistólica ventricular izquierda (PSVI) y la presión de fin de diástole (PFDVI) y se calculó la máxima velocidad de ascenso de la presión (+dP/dtmáx), la constante de tiempo de caída de la presión ventricular tau, el tiempo que tarda en caer la presión hasta un 50% de su valor al momento de la -dP/dtmáx (t1/2, mseg). La PSVI se incrementó, durante el ejercicio, desde 140+ o -3 hasta 195+ o -14 mm Hg (p<0.05) en G1 y de 161¡À9 hasta 238 + o -15 mm Hg en G2; retornando luego a susvalores basales. El tau y el t1/2 se incrementaron en G2, durante el ejercicio, desde un valor de 23+ o -2 y 15 + o -2 mseg hasta 35 + o - 7 y 23¡ + o - 4 mseg, respectivamente. Luego del esfuerzo, ambas variables permanecieron elevadas con respecto al basal, alcanzando valores de 41 + o - 6 mseg (p<0.05) y 23 + o -3 mseg (p<0.05), respectivamente. El ejercicio isométrico disminuye la velocidad de relajación e incrementa la PFDVI en pacientes con hypertension arterial e hipertrofia del ventrículo izquierdo. Luego del ejercicio la relajación permaneció alterada, a pesar de que el resto de las variables hemodinámicas retornaron a su valor basal, sugiriendo la presencia de atontamiento miocárdico


It is known that patients with arterial hypertension and ventricular hypertrophy have diastolicalterations, in particular during exercise. However, it is controversial if diastolic dysfunction continues once exercisehad concluded. The objective was to assess the effects of isometric exercise on the diastolic function in patientswith arterial hypertension. Five control patients (group 1, G1) and 7 patients with arterial hyper-tension (group 2,G2) were studied. All patients underwent cardiac catheterization and performed isometric exercise until heartrate increased 43+or -7%. Left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) weremeasured. We calculated, +dP/dtmax, the time constant of isovolumic pressure decay (tau) and t1/2 were allmeasured. Results: The LVSP increased in G1 and G2 during exercise from 140+ or -3 to 195+ or -14 mm Hg (p<0.05)and 161+ or -9 to 238+ or -15 mm Hg, respectively; returning to their basal values once exercise had concluded. The tau and t1/2 increased, while exercising in G2, from 23+ or -2 and 15+ or - msec to 35+ or -7 and 23+ or -4 msec, respectively. After exercise both variables continued elevated reaching 41+ or -6 msec (p<0.05) and 23+ or -3 msec (p<0.05), respectively. In conclusion, isometric exercise decreases relaxation rate and increases LVEDP in patients with arterial hypertension and ventricular hypertrophy. After exercise, isovolumic relaxation remained altered suggesting the presence of stunned myocardium


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Blood Pressure/physiology , Exercise/physiology , Hypertension/physiopathology , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology , Isometric Contraction/physiology , Case-Control Studies , Diastole/physiology , Exercise Test , Heart Rate/physiology , Hypertension/complications , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/etiology , Myocardial Contraction/physiology , Prospective Studies
12.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 66(5): 433-438, 2006. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-123195

ABSTRACT

Es conocido que los pacientes con hipertrofia ventricular por hipertensión arterial presentan alteraciones diastólicas, particularmente durante el ejercicio. Sin embargo, es controvertido si luego del esfuerzo esta disfuncion se normaliza. El objetivo fue evaluar la función diastólica durante y después de la realización de ejercicio, en pacientes con hipertensión arterial. Se estudiaron 6 pacientes controles (grupo 1, G1) y 7 con diagnóstico de hipertensión arterial (Grupo 2, G2). Los pacientes fueron sometidos a un cateterismo cardíaco y realizaron ejercicio isométrico durante el estudio, hasta que la frecuencia cardíaca se incrementó un 43+ o -7% (p<0.05), con respecto al valor basal. Se midió la presión sistólica ventricular izquierda (PSVI) y la presión de fin de diástole (PFDVI) y se calculó la máxima velocidad de ascenso de la presión (+dP/dtmáx), la constante de tiempo de caída de la presión ventricular tau, el tiempo que tarda en caer la presión hasta un 50% de su valor al momento de la -dP/dtmáx (t1/2, mseg). La PSVI se incrementó, durante el ejercicio, desde 140+ o -3 hasta 195+ o -14 mm Hg (p<0.05) en G1 y de 161í?9 hasta 238 + o -15 mm Hg en G2; retornando luego a susvalores basales. El tau y el t1/2 se incrementaron en G2, durante el ejercicio, desde un valor de 23+ o -2 y 15 + o -2 mseg hasta 35 + o - 7 y 23í + o - 4 mseg, respectivamente. Luego del esfuerzo, ambas variables permanecieron elevadas con respecto al basal, alcanzando valores de 41 + o - 6 mseg (p<0.05) y 23 + o -3 mseg (p<0.05), respectivamente. El ejercicio isométrico disminuye la velocidad de relajación e incrementa la PFDVI en pacientes con hypertension arterial e hipertrofia del ventrículo izquierdo. Luego del ejercicio la relajación permaneció alterada, a pesar de que el resto de las variables hemodinámicas retornaron a su valor basal, sugiriendo la presencia de atontamiento miocárdico (AU)


It is known that patients with arterial hypertension and ventricular hypertrophy have diastolicalterations, in particular during exercise. However, it is controversial if diastolic dysfunction continues once exercisehad concluded. The objective was to assess the effects of isometric exercise on the diastolic function in patientswith arterial hypertension. Five control patients (group 1, G1) and 7 patients with arterial hyper-tension (group 2,G2) were studied. All patients underwent cardiac catheterization and performed isometric exercise until heartrate increased 43+or -7%. Left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) weremeasured. We calculated, +dP/dtmax, the time constant of isovolumic pressure decay (tau) and t1/2 were allmeasured. Results: The LVSP increased in G1 and G2 during exercise from 140+ or -3 to 195+ or -14 mm Hg (p<0.05)and 161+ or -9 to 238+ or -15 mm Hg, respectively; returning to their basal values once exercise had concluded. The tau and t1/2 increased, while exercising in G2, from 23+ or -2 and 15+ or - msec to 35+ or -7 and 23+ or -4 msec, respectively. After exercise both variables continued elevated reaching 41+ or -6 msec (p<0.05) and 23+ or -3 msec (p<0.05), respectively. In conclusion, isometric exercise decreases relaxation rate and increases LVEDP in patients with arterial hypertension and ventricular hypertrophy. After exercise, isovolumic relaxation remained altered suggesting the presence of stunned myocardium (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Blood Pressure/physiology , Hypertension/physiopathology , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology , Exercise/physiology , Isometric Contraction/physiology , Case-Control Studies , Diastole/physiology , Exercise Test , Heart Rate/physiology , Hypertension/complications , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/etiology , Myocardial Contraction/physiology , Prospective Studies
13.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 66(5): 433-438, 2006. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-119124

ABSTRACT

Es conocido que los pacientes con hipertrofia ventricular por hipertensión arterial presentan alteraciones diastólicas, particularmente durante el ejercicio. Sin embargo, es controvertido si luego del esfuerzo esta disfuncion se normaliza. El objetivo fue evaluar la función diastólica durante y después de la realización de ejercicio, en pacientes con hipertensión arterial. Se estudiaron 6 pacientes controles (grupo 1, G1) y 7 con diagnóstico de hipertensión arterial (Grupo 2, G2). Los pacientes fueron sometidos a un cateterismo cardíaco y realizaron ejercicio isométrico durante el estudio, hasta que la frecuencia cardíaca se incrementó un 43+ o -7% (p<0.05), con respecto al valor basal. Se midió la presión sistólica ventricular izquierda (PSVI) y la presión de fin de diástole (PFDVI) y se calculó la máxima velocidad de ascenso de la presión (+dP/dtmáx), la constante de tiempo de caída de la presión ventricular tau, el tiempo que tarda en caer la presión hasta un 50% de su valor al momento de la -dP/dtmáx (t1/2, mseg). La PSVI se incrementó, durante el ejercicio, desde 140+ o -3 hasta 195+ o -14 mm Hg (p<0.05) en G1 y de 161í?9 hasta 238 + o -15 mm Hg en G2; retornando luego a susvalores basales. El tau y el t1/2 se incrementaron en G2, durante el ejercicio, desde un valor de 23+ o -2 y 15 + o -2 mseg hasta 35 + o - 7 y 23í + o - 4 mseg, respectivamente. Luego del esfuerzo, ambas variables permanecieron elevadas con respecto al basal, alcanzando valores de 41 + o - 6 mseg (p<0.05) y 23 + o -3 mseg (p<0.05), respectivamente. El ejercicio isométrico disminuye la velocidad de relajación e incrementa la PFDVI en pacientes con hypertension arterial e hipertrofia del ventrículo izquierdo. Luego del ejercicio la relajación permaneció alterada, a pesar de que el resto de las variables hemodinámicas retornaron a su valor basal, sugiriendo la presencia de atontamiento miocárdico (AU)


It is known that patients with arterial hypertension and ventricular hypertrophy have diastolicalterations, in particular during exercise. However, it is controversial if diastolic dysfunction continues once exercisehad concluded. The objective was to assess the effects of isometric exercise on the diastolic function in patientswith arterial hypertension. Five control patients (group 1, G1) and 7 patients with arterial hyper-tension (group 2,G2) were studied. All patients underwent cardiac catheterization and performed isometric exercise until heartrate increased 43+or -7%. Left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) weremeasured. We calculated, +dP/dtmax, the time constant of isovolumic pressure decay (tau) and t1/2 were allmeasured. Results: The LVSP increased in G1 and G2 during exercise from 140+ or -3 to 195+ or -14 mm Hg (p<0.05)and 161+ or -9 to 238+ or -15 mm Hg, respectively; returning to their basal values once exercise had concluded. The tau and t1/2 increased, while exercising in G2, from 23+ or -2 and 15+ or - msec to 35+ or -7 and 23+ or -4 msec, respectively. After exercise both variables continued elevated reaching 41+ or -6 msec (p<0.05) and 23+ or -3 msec (p<0.05), respectively. In conclusion, isometric exercise decreases relaxation rate and increases LVEDP in patients with arterial hypertension and ventricular hypertrophy. After exercise, isovolumic relaxation remained altered suggesting the presence of stunned myocardium (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Blood Pressure/physiology , Hypertension/physiopathology , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology , Exercise/physiology , Isometric Contraction/physiology , Case-Control Studies , Diastole/physiology , Exercise Test , Heart Rate/physiology , Hypertension/complications , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/etiology , Myocardial Contraction/physiology , Prospective Studies
14.
Am Heart J ; 150(6): 1204-11, 2005 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16338259

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Renal artery stenosis (RAS) is a potentially reversible cause of hypertension and renal insufficiency and is associated with poor prognosis. METHODS: We aimed to identify simple predictors of significant RAS among patients undergoing coronary angiography. Prospective data were collected on 843 consecutive patients who underwent cardiac catheterization and abdominal aortography. Stenoses > or = 75% were considered significant. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between baseline characteristics and coronary anatomy with significant RAS. A simple risk score was derived from the model. RESULTS: The prevalence of RAS > or = 75% was 11.7%. Independent predictors of significant RAS were older age, higher creatinine levels, peripheral vascular disease, number of cardiovascular drugs, hypertension, female sex, and 3-vessel coronary artery disease or previous coronary artery bypass graft. The concordance index of the model was 0.802. These variables were used to develop a simple predictive score of significant RAS for patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. The prevalence of RAS increased stepwise with increasing score values: 0.6% for a score < or = 5, 1.5% for 6 to 7, 6.1% for 8 to 9, 12.2% for 10 to 11, 18.7% for 12 to 14, 35.7% for 15 to 17, and 62.1% for > or = 18 (P < .001). Approximately one third of the patients had a score > or = 11, which yielded a sensitivity of 76% and a specificity of 71%. CONCLUSIONS: Renal artery stenosis is a relatively common finding among patients referred for coronary angiography. A simple score can predict the presence of significant RAS among patients referred for cardiac catheterization.


Subject(s)
Cardiac Catheterization , Coronary Disease/complications , Coronary Disease/diagnostic imaging , Renal Artery Obstruction/epidemiology , Adult , Aged , Argentina/epidemiology , Blood Pressure , Cholesterol/blood , Coronary Angiography , Female , Germany/epidemiology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Multivariate Analysis , Peripheral Vascular Diseases/epidemiology , Regression Analysis
15.
Int J Cardiol ; 104(1): 52-8, 2005 Sep 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16137510

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: There is no literature evaluating the effect of exercise on patients with aortic stenosis, in which patients with and without coronary artery disease were assessed separately. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of isometric exercise on the diastolic function in patients with aortic stenosis (AS). METHODS: 18 patients with AS, and 5 control patients were studied (group 1, G1). Patients with AS were divided in: group 2 (G2, n=10), without coronary lesion, and group 3 (G3, n=8), with coronary lesion. All patients underwent cardiac catheterization and performed isometric exercise until heart rate increased 32+/-9%. Left ventricular systolic pressure and end diastolic pressure (LVEDP), t1/2 (relaxation index), and the +dP/dt(max) were all measured. RESULTS: The +dP/dt(max) increased in G1, G2, and G3 during exercise returning to their basal values once exercise had concluded. While exercising, the LVEDP increased in G1, G2 and G3, returning to its original baseline value only in G1 and G2. The t1/2 increased, while exercising, in G2 and G3, and continued to be elevated after the exercise in both groups although it was only statistically significant in G3. The control group did not show significant changes. CONCLUSIONS: Isometric exercise decreases relaxation rate and increases LVEDP in patients with AS. After exercise, relaxation and LVEDP remained altered only in the patients with coronary lesion. The alteration in lusitropism and increased LVEDP after exercising suggest the presence of stunned myocardium.


Subject(s)
Aortic Valve Stenosis/physiopathology , Coronary Artery Disease/physiopathology , Exercise , Aged , Diastole , Female , Heart Rate , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Severity of Illness Index , Systole , Ventricular Function , Ventricular Pressure
16.
Coron Artery Dis ; 15(8): 477-84, 2004 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15585988

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory markers have been associated with adverse clinical outcome in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). In addition, angiographic plaque morphology and extension of coronary artery disease has been related to worse prognosis in this group of patients. The aim of the present study was to determine if the clinical prognostic value of C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammatory marker, can by associated with the angiographic findings in patients with non-ST elevation ACS. METHODS: This prospective multicenter cohort study included 1253 patients with non-ST elevation ACS. CRP, which was considered positive (+) if >/=3 mg/l, was measured at a median of 9 h from symptoms onset and were kept blinded until the end of the study. Coronary angiography was performed in 633 patients (50%). The presence of complex coronary lesions (CCLs) was defined as the presence of any of the following: thrombus (+), Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow

Subject(s)
Biomarkers/blood , C-Reactive Protein/metabolism , Coronary Stenosis/blood , Aged , Cohort Studies , Coronary Angiography , Coronary Stenosis/diagnosis , Coronary Stenosis/therapy , Female , Humans , Inflammation/blood , Male , Middle Aged , Predictive Value of Tests , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Troponin T/blood
17.
Rev. argent. cardiol ; 72(3): 180-185, mayo-jun. 2004. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-396498

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: Los marcadores inflamatorios se han asociado con una evolución clínica adversa en pacientes con síndromes coronarios agudos (SCA). Además, la morfología de la placa en la angiografía se relacionó con mal pronóstico, observándose una relación estrecha entre los marcadores de injuria miocárdica, como es la troponina T, y la presencia de lesiones coronarias complejas (LCC). Habiéndose postulado la teoría inflamatoria como un factor importante en el proceso fisiopatológico del SCA, el papel de los marcadores de inflamación para predecir aspectos angiográficos no se ha establecido. El propósito de este estudio fue el de determinar si la próteína C reactiva (PCR), un marcador inflamatorio, puede predecir la presencia de LCC. Material y métodos: Este estudio de cohorte prospectivo, multicéntrico incluyó 1252 pacientes con SCA sin elevación del ST. La PCR se midió en una mediana de 9 horas desde el comienzo de los síntomas, resultados que se mantuvieron ciegos hasta la finalización del estudio. De los pacientes en quienes se realizó angiografía coronaria, ingresaron en el estudio 590 (47 por ciento) y fueron revisadas por dos angiografistas que desconocían los resultados del laboratorio así como la evolución clínica. Se definieron LCC cuando existían algunas de la siguientes carecterísticas: trombo (+), flujo TIMI menor igual 2 o placa ulcerada (PU). Resultados: Se observó PCR (+) en 354 pacientes y PCR (-) en 236, 105 pacientes tuvieron trombos, de ellos 64 (18 por ciento) con PCR (+), 135 tuvieron flujo TIMI menor igual 2 y 81 (23 por ciento) con PCR (+). Finalmente 144 pacientes tuvieron lesiones ulceradas con un 30 por ciento (90 pacientes) con PCR (+). En total, 266 pacientes presentaron LCC, y de ellos el 47 por ciento (166 pacientes) con PCR (+) y 42 por ciento (100) p= 0,31. Conclusiones: En esta cohorte consecutiva de pacientes con SCA sin elevación del segmento ST, la proteína C reactiva, un marcador inflamatorio, no predijo la presencia de ninguno de los componentes de lesión coronaria compleja. A pesar de que la PCR es un fuerte predictor de mala evolución clínica, esto no se atribuiría a la presencia de una anatomía coronaria más compleja.


Subject(s)
Humans , Arteries , Coronary Disease , Protein C , Syndrome , Angiography , Argentina , Cohort Studies , Inflammation , Multicenter Studies as Topic , Myocardial Infarction , Myocardial Ischemia
18.
Rev. argent. cardiol ; 72(3): 180-185, mayo-jun. 2004. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-2866

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: Los marcadores inflamatorios se han asociado con una evolución clínica adversa en pacientes con síndromes coronarios agudos (SCA). Además, la morfología de la placa en la angiografía se relacionó con mal pronóstico, observándose una relación estrecha entre los marcadores de injuria miocárdica, como es la troponina T, y la presencia de lesiones coronarias complejas (LCC). Habiéndose postulado la teoría inflamatoria como un factor importante en el proceso fisiopatológico del SCA, el papel de los marcadores de inflamación para predecir aspectos angiográficos no se ha establecido. El propósito de este estudio fue el de determinar si la próteína C reactiva (PCR), un marcador inflamatorio, puede predecir la presencia de LCC. Material y métodos: Este estudio de cohorte prospectivo, multicéntrico incluyó 1252 pacientes con SCA sin elevación del ST. La PCR se midió en una mediana de 9 horas desde el comienzo de los síntomas, resultados que se mantuvieron ciegos hasta la finalización del estudio. De los pacientes en quienes se realizó angiografía coronaria, ingresaron en el estudio 590 (47 por ciento) y fueron revisadas por dos angiografistas que desconocían los resultados del laboratorio así como la evolución clínica. Se definieron LCC cuando existían algunas de la siguientes carecterísticas: trombo (+), flujo TIMI menor igual 2 o placa ulcerada (PU). Resultados: Se observó PCR (+) en 354 pacientes y PCR (-) en 236, 105 pacientes tuvieron trombos, de ellos 64 (18 por ciento) con PCR (+), 135 tuvieron flujo TIMI menor igual 2 y 81 (23 por ciento) con PCR (+). Finalmente 144 pacientes tuvieron lesiones ulceradas con un 30 por ciento (90 pacientes) con PCR (+). En total, 266 pacientes presentaron LCC, y de ellos el 47 por ciento (166 pacientes) con PCR (+) y 42 por ciento (100) p= 0,31. Conclusiones: En esta cohorte consecutiva de pacientes con SCA sin elevación del segmento ST, la proteína C reactiva, un marcador inflamatorio, no predijo la presencia de ninguno de los componentes de lesión coronaria compleja. A pesar de que la PCR es un fuerte predictor de mala evolución clínica, esto no se atribuiría a la presencia de una anatomía coronaria más compleja. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Protein C , Arteries/injuries , Syndrome , Coronary Disease , Myocardial Infarction , Myocardial Ischemia , Inflammation , Multicenter Studies as Topic , Angiography , Argentina/epidemiology , Cohort Studies
19.
Am Heart J ; 146(6): E22, 2003 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14661011

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has become an alternative to thrombolytic therapy as a reperfusion strategy for ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHODS: The main goal of this study was to determine whether PCI and thrombolytic therapy achieve comparable reperfusion rates, as evidenced by ST-segment resolution. Secondary end points included infarct vessel patency rates before hospital discharge and short- and long-term outcomes. Patients with ischemic chest pain with duration < or =12 hours and no contraindication for thrombolytic therapy were included. RESULTS: Between October 1993 and August 1995, 58 patients were randomly assigned to streptokinase (SK) and 54 patients to primary PCI. Baseline clinical characteristics and infarct location were well balanced in both groups. Median age (interquartile range) was 68 (58, 75) years, 29% were women, and 78% of the patients met at least one criterion for "not low risk" AMI (anterior location, age >70 years old, previous MI, systolic blood pressure <100 mm Hg, and/or heart rate >100 bpm). The median time from symptom onset to random assignment was 217 (139, 335) minutes in the PCI group and 210 (145, 334) minutes in the SK group. Median random assignment to balloon time was 82 (55, 100) minutes, and median random assignment to needle time was 15 (10, 26) minutes (P <.0001). TIMI grade 3 flow after primary PCI was obtained in 85% of patients. The proportion of patients with ST-segment resolution > or =50% at 120 minutes was 80% in the PCI group and 50% in the SK group (P =.001). The predischarge angiogram showed the presence of TIMI 3 flow in 96% of patients who received PCI and 65% of patients who received SK (P <.001). A composite of in-hospital death, reinfarction, severe heart failure, stroke, and major bleeding occurred in 15% of patients who received PCI and 21% of patients who received SK (P =.4). At 3 years, freedom from the composite end point of AMI, postdischarge revascularization, and death was 61% in the PCI group and 40% in the SK group (P =.025). CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that primary PCI, as compared with SK, is associated with more effective ST-segment resolution, higher patency rates in the infarct vessel at 7 days, and more favorable clinical outcomes at 3 years of follow-up.


Subject(s)
Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary , Fibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use , Myocardial Infarction/therapy , Streptokinase/therapeutic use , Thrombolytic Therapy , Aged , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Injections, Intravenous , Male , Middle Aged , Myocardial Infarction/drug therapy , Myocardial Reperfusion , Prospective Studies , Statistics as Topic , Treatment Outcome , Vascular Patency
20.
Medicina (B Aires) ; 63(1): 33-6, 2003.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12673958

ABSTRACT

The objective of the study was to determine the effects of isometric exercise on the diastolic function in patients with aortic stenosis without coronary lesion (group 1, G1, n = 9) and with coronary lesion (group 2, G2, n = 11). Patients subjected to a cardiac catheterization performed isometric exercise until their heart rate increased in 32 +/- 9% compared to baseline. The left ventricular systolic pressure, the +dP/dtmax, and the end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) were measured, and the time constant of pressure decay (tau, tau) was calculated. The +dP/dtmax increased in G1 and G2 during exercise, from a value of 1989 +/- 190 and 2428 +/- 220 mmHg/sec up to 2286 +/- 214 y 2661 +/- 230 mmHg/sec, respectively, returning afterwards to its baseline value. The LVEDP increased during exercise in G1 and G2 from a value of 30.1 +/- 2.7 and 26.5 +/- 2.2 mmHg up to 38.4 +/- 1.7 and 36.1 +/- 4.0 mmHg, respectively (p < 0.05), returning to its baseline value only in G1. The tau (tau) increased during exercise in G1 and G2 from a value of 42.8 +/- 6.8 and 44.8 +/- 4.2 m/sec up to 55.3 +/- 9.2 and 60.4 +/- 5.9 msec respectively (p < 0.05), and remained elevated after exercise in both groups although it was statistically significant only in G2. The isometric exercise decreases the relaxation rate and increases the LVEDP in patients with aortic stenosis and left ventricular hypertrophy. After exercise, relaxation remained altered in the group of patients with coronary lesion. Alteration in the lusitropism and the increase of LVEDP after exercise suggest the presence of myocardial stunning.


Subject(s)
Aortic Valve Stenosis/physiopathology , Coronary Disease/physiopathology , Diastole/physiology , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology , Isometric Contraction/physiology , Blood Pressure/physiology , Humans
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