ABSTRACT
AIMS: Obesity is a global public health issue, and some studies have linked it to an increased risk of prostatic diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a high-fat diet on metabolic parameters and prostate morphology in wild-type (WT) and adiponectin knockout (KO) mice. MAIN METHODS: Male WT and KO mice were fed a control diet (CD) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 months. Serum metabolic parameters, inflammatory cytokines in epididymal fat tissue, dorsal prostatic lobe morphometry and histopathology were analyzed. KEY FINDINGS: CD WT and CD KO mice did not exhibit altered metabolic or prostatic parameters. However, HFD WT mice showed altered glucose and insulin tolerance even without excessive weight gain. On the other hand, HFD KO mice developed obesity, with an increase in low-density lipoprotein (11.8 ± 5.1 vs. 31.4 ± 3.6 mg/dL), high-density lipoprotein (73.4 ± 7.4 vs. 103.4 ± 2.5 mg/dL), and total cholesterol levels (126.2 ± 16.1 vs. 294.6 ± 23.2 mg/dL), a decrease in insulin levels (28.7 ± 12.2 vs. 4.6 ± 2.3 µIU/mL), and glucose and insulin resistance. We also observed that HFD KO animals display an increase in inflammatory cytokines, such as IL6, IL1ß, and IL1RA. The dorsal prostate from HFD KO animals also presented significant increases in the mast cells (1.9 ± 0,7 vs. 5,3 ± 1.5 cells/field) and Ki67 index (2.91 ± 0.6 vs. 4.7 ± 0.4 %). SIGNIFICANCE: The above findings highlight the complex interactions between adiponectin, metabolism, malnutrition, and prostate health. Metabolic deregulation combined with adipose inflammation potentially induces a proliferative and inflammatory microenvironment in the prostate gland under conditions of low adiponectin production, potentially impairing prostate morphophysiology in the context of obesity and aging.
Subject(s)
Adiponectin , Cytokines , Diet, High-Fat , Mice, Knockout , Obesity , Prostate , Animals , Male , Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects , Adiponectin/metabolism , Adiponectin/blood , Mice , Cytokines/metabolism , Prostate/pathology , Prostate/metabolism , Obesity/metabolism , Obesity/pathology , Obesity/etiology , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Insulin Resistance , Inflammation/metabolism , Inflammation/pathologyABSTRACT
One of the policies adopted to reduce vehicular emissions is subway network expansion. This work fitted interrupted regression models to investigate the effects of the inauguration of subway stations on the mean, trend, and seasonality of the NO, NO2, NOx, and PM10 local concentrations. The regions investigated in the city of São Paulo (Brazil) were Pinheiros, Butantã, and St. Amaro. In Pinheiros, after the inauguration of the subway station, there were downward trends for all pollutants. However, these trends were not significantly different from the trends observed before. In Butantã, only regarding NO, there was a significant reduction and seasonal change after the subway station's inauguration. In St. Amaro, no trend in the PM10 concentration was noted. The absence of other transportation and land use policies in an integrative way to the subway network expansion may be responsible for the low air quality improvement. This study highlights that the expansion of the subway network must be integrated with other policies to improve local air quality.
Subject(s)
Environmental Pollutants , Railroads , Brazil , Environmental Monitoring , TransportationABSTRACT
A corrupção se configura como um importante problema no Brasil, embora seja entendido como um "crime sem vítimas". Frente à importância do tema, o presente estudo buscou avaliar a influência da categoria social de uma vítima de corrupção na relação entre crenças no mundo justo e intenção de corrupção. A amostra foi composta por 127 estudantes universitários de cursos relacionados às áreas de gestão e negócios. Os participantes responderam a medidas de CMJ, intenção de corrupção e informaram dados sociodemográficos. Verificou-se que, quando uma vítima de corrupção é alguém distante do indivíduo, a intenção de corrupção é maior se comparado a uma condição em que a vítima é próxima. Adicionalmente, verificou-se que o efeito da CMJ na corrupção foi restrito quando da avaliação de uma vítima próxima. Os resultados indicam a importância de articular variáveis grupais (distância social) e pessoais (CMJ) no estudo da corrupção.
Corruption is a major problem in Brazil, although it is understood as a "victimless crime". Given the importance of the topic, this study aimed to assess the influence of the social category of a corruption victim on the relationship between beliefs in a just world and the intention of corruption. The sample consisted of 127 university students from courses related to the areas of management and business. Participants responded to measurements of BJW, the intention of corruption and reported sociodemographic data. It was found that, when a victim of corruption is someone distant from the individual, the intention of corruption is greater compared to a condition in which the victim is close. Additionally, it was found that the effect of BJW on corruption was restricted when assessing a close victim. The results indicate the importance of articulating group (social distance) and personal variables (BJW) in the study of corruption.
La corrupción es un problema importante en Brasil, aunque se entiende como un "crimen sin víctimas". Dada la importancia de la temática, el presente estudio buscó evaluar la influencia de la categoría social de una víctima de corrupción en relación a las creencias del mundo justo (CMJ) y la intención a la corrupción. La muestra consistió en 127 estudiantes universitarios de grados de gestión y negocios. Los participantes respondieron a las escalas de CMJ, intención de corrupción y reportaron datos sociodemográficos. Se ha encontrado que cuando una víctima de corrupción está lejos del individuo, la intención de corrupción es mayor en comparación a una condición en la cual la víctima está cerca. Además, se descubrió que el efecto de CMJ sobre la corrupción estaba restringido al evaluar a una víctima cercana. Los resultados indican la importancia de articular las variables grupales (distancia social) y personales (CMJ) en el estudio de la corrupción.
ABSTRACT
Resumo Introdução A dengue é considerada um problema de saúde pública. O município de Ribeirão Preto possui condições climáticas e geográficas favoráveis à proliferação do Aedes aegypti , sendo reportadas altas taxas de incidência de dengue. Objetivo Avaliar a relação entre a precipitação pluviométrica e a incidência de casos confirmados de dengue. Método Foi utilizado o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman para a análise da relação entre a pluviosidade e a incidência de dengue. Resultados Encontrou-se associação entre a precipitação e os casos de dengue, com p < 0,01, considerando um intervalo de defasagem (time lag ) que ocorre a partir do primeiro mês e se estende até o quinto mês. Conclusão Estudos como este contribuem para o conhecimento sobre a influência de fatores climáticos na incidência e na dinâmica de transmissão da dengue, sendo essenciais para auxiliar os gestores na tomada de decisão para a prevenção e o controle da doença.
Abstract Background Dengue is considered a public health problem. The municipality of Ribeirão Preto has climatic and geographical conditions conducive to the proliferation of Aedes aegypti and high rates of dengue incidence are reported. Objective To evaluate the relationship between rainfall and the incidence of confirmed cases of dengue. Method The Spearman Correlation Coefficient was used to analyze the relationship between rainfall and the dengue incidence. Results An association between precipitation and dengue cases was found, with p < 0.01, considering a time lag, which occurs from the first month until the fifth month. Conclusion Studies such as this contribute to the knowledge about the influence of climatic factors on the incidence and transmission dynamics of dengue fever, being essential to guide managers in decision making for disease prevention and control.
ABSTRACT
Because of increased incidence of teenage births and high prevalence of lactation in Latin America, we determined the patterning of free amino acids (FAAs) in breast milk of 65 primiparous Ecuadorian women of varying ages (14-27 years). An automatic amino acid analyzer quantified levels of FAAs in milk samples obtained at three lactation stages: colostrum, transition, and mature milk. Regardless of mother's age, most FAAs increased with time postpartum, with taurine, glutamic acid, glutamine, and alanine being most abundant in all stages.
ABSTRACT
Although much appreciated in Brazil, commercial popcorn is currently cropped on a fairly small scale. A number of problems need to be solved to increase production, notably the obtaintion of seeds with good agronomic traits and good culinary characteristics. With the objective of developing superior genotypes in popcorn, a second cycle of intrapopulation recurrent selection based on inbred S1 families was carried out. From the first cycle of selection over the UNB-2U population, 222 S1 families were obtained, which were then divided into six sets and evaluated in a randomized complete block design with two replications within the sets. Experiments were carried out in two Brazilian localities. The analysis of variance revealed environmental effects for all evaluated traits, except popping and stand, showing that, for most traits, these environments affected genotype behavior in different ways. In addition, the set as source of variation was significant for most of the evaluated traits, indicating that dividing the families into sets was an efficient strategy. Genotype-by-environment interaction was detected for most traits, except popping expansion and stand. Differences among genotypes were also detected (1% F-test), making viable the proposition of using the genetic variability in the popcorn population as a basis for future recurrent selection cycles. Superior families were selected using the Smith and Hazel classic index, with predicted genetic gains of 17.8% for popping expansion and 26.95% for yield.
Embora muito apreciada no Brasil, o milho pipoca comercial é normalmente cultivado em pequena escala. Para aumentar a produção, alguns problemas precisam ser resolvidos, principalmente a obtenção de sementes com boas características agronômicas e culinárias. Com o objetivo de obter genótipos superiores de milho pipoca, foi conduzido um segundo ciclo de seleção recorrente intrapopulacional, com base em famílias endogâmicas S1. Duzentas e vinte e duas famílias S1 foram obtidas a partir do ciclo 1 da população UNB-2U e foram avaliadas em delineamento de blocos casualizados com duas repetições dentro de 'sets', em dois locais no Brasil. A presença de significância estatística para 'sets' para as características número de espigas doentes e sadias, capacidade de expansão, número de plantas quebradas e número de espigas mal empalhadas, comprova a eficiência e a necessidade do uso de modelo estatístico hierarquizado por 'sets'. Constatou-se significância (1% teste F), para famílias dentro de 'sets', revelando suficiente variabilidade genética a ser explorada em ciclos futuros, essencial para o sucesso do programa. A seleção das famílias superiores, realizada com base no Índice Clássico de Smith e Hazel, proporcionou ganhos preditos de 17,8% para capacidade de expansão e de 26,95% para produção de grãos.
ABSTRACT
Although much appreciated in Brazil, commercial popcorn is currently cropped on a fairly small scale. A number of problems need to be solved to increase production, notably the obtaintion of seeds with good agronomic traits and good culinary characteristics. With the objective of developing superior genotypes in popcorn, a second cycle of intrapopulation recurrent selection based on inbred S1 families was carried out. From the first cycle of selection over the UNB-2U population, 222 S1 families were obtained, which were then divided into six sets and evaluated in a randomized complete block design with two replications within the sets. Experiments were carried out in two Brazilian localities. The analysis of variance revealed environmental effects for all evaluated traits, except popping and stand, showing that, for most traits, these environments affected genotype behavior in different ways. In addition, the set as source of variation was significant for most of the evaluated traits, indicating that dividing the families into sets was an efficient strategy. Genotype-by-environment interaction was detected for most traits, except popping expansion and stand. Differences among genotypes were also detected (1% F-test), making viable the proposition of using the genetic variability in the popcorn population as a basis for future recurrent selection cycles. Superior families were selected using the Smith and Hazel classic index, with predicted genetic gains of 17.8% for popping expansion and 26.95% for yield.
Embora muito apreciada no Brasil, o milho pipoca comercial é normalmente cultivado em pequena escala. Para aumentar a produção, alguns problemas precisam ser resolvidos, principalmente a obtenção de sementes com boas características agronômicas e culinárias. Com o objetivo de obter genótipos superiores de milho pipoca, foi conduzido um segundo ciclo de seleção recorrente intrapopulacional, com base em famílias endogâmicas S1. Duzentas e vinte e duas famílias S1 foram obtidas a partir do ciclo 1 da população UNB-2U e foram avaliadas em delineamento de blocos casualizados com duas repetições dentro de 'sets', em dois locais no Brasil. A presença de significância estatística para 'sets' para as características número de espigas doentes e sadias, capacidade de expansão, número de plantas quebradas e número de espigas mal empalhadas, comprova a eficiência e a necessidade do uso de modelo estatístico hierarquizado por 'sets'. Constatou-se significância (1% teste F), para famílias dentro de 'sets', revelando suficiente variabilidade genética a ser explorada em ciclos futuros, essencial para o sucesso do programa. A seleção das famílias superiores, realizada com base no Índice Clássico de Smith e Hazel, proporcionou ganhos preditos de 17,8% para capacidade de expansão e de 26,95% para produção de grãos.