Isotopic of nitrogen and chemical analysis of deferred grazing marandu palisadegrass fertilized with urea and poultry litter / Análise isotópica de nitrogênio e química do capim-marandu adubado com ureia e cama de frango e diferido

This study aimed to evaluate and quantify the methodology of stable isotopes, 15N values for the organic fertilizer (chicken manure) and inorganic (urea). In addition to evaluating the incorporation rate, chemical half-life and analysis thereof, for possible traceability through the pasture fertilized with different sources of N. The technique of employment with use of tracer stable isotope 15N possible to estimate the changes in the N soil, even in the face of the various changes that take place concurrently. The methodology determines the path of both N isotopes (15N and 14N), providing information about the system and estimating N transformation rates The experimental work was conducted at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, UNESP Botucatu. An area of 576m2 was used for the parcels, which were divided between the 3 treatments with 4 repetitions each: T1 - control treatment without fertilization; T2 - fertilization with urea and T3 - organic fertilizer with poultry litter. The grass was cut every 15 days, three months after fertilization, for a total of four periods of grazing exclusion. Experimental samples were analyzed for the isotopic nitrogen and crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin composition. Degradation of poultry litter, the sand bag method was analyzed by linear regression. (delta-N-15)

Objetivou-se avaliar e quantificar, pela metodologia dos isótopos estáveis, os valores de 15N para o adubo orgânico (cama de frango) e inorgânico (ureia). Além de avaliar a taxa de incorporação, meia vida e analises química dos mesmos, para uma possível rastreabilidade por meio da pastagem adubada com diferentes fontes de N. O emprego da técnica com utilização do traçador do isótopo estável 15N permitem estimar as modificações do N no solo, mesmo diante das variadas transformações que acontecem concomitantemente. A metodologia determina o caminho de ambos os isótopos de N (15N e 14N), fornecendo informações acerca do sistema e estimando as taxas de transformação do N. O presente estudo teve por objetivo determinar o valor isotópico do 15N e composição química em condições naturais do capim-marandu (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu), sob o diferimento em função da adubação utilizada, em quatro cortes após a vedação. O trabalho foi desenvolvido na Faculdade de Medicina e Veterinária e Zootecnia da UNESP de Botucatu. A área, 576m2, utilizada para as parcelas foi dividida em 3 tratamentos com 4 repetições cada, segundo os tratamentos: T1 - tratamento testemunho sem adubação; T2 - adubação com ureia e T3 adubação orgânica com cama de frango. Após três meses, o capim foi cortado a cada 15 dias, totalizando quatro períodos de vedação. As amostras colhidas no experimento foram analisad

Isotopic of nitrogen and chemical analysis of deferred grazing marandu palisadegrass fertilized with urea and poultry litter / Análise isotópica de nitrogênio e química do capim-marandu adubado com ureia e cama de frango e diferido

This study aimed to evaluate and quantify the methodology of stable isotopes, 15N values for the organic fertilizer (chicken manure) and inorganic (urea). In addition to evaluating the incorporation rate, chemical half-life and analysis thereof, for possible traceability through the pasture fertilized with different sources of N. The technique of employment with use of tracer stable isotope 15N possible to estimate the changes in the N soil, even in the face of the various changes that take place concurrently. The methodology determines the path of both N isotopes (15N and 14N), providing information about the system and estimating N transformation rates The experimental work was conducted at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, UNESP Botucatu. An area of 576m2 was used for the parcels, which were divided between the 3 treatments with 4 repetitions each: T1 - control treatment without fertilization; T2 - fertilization with urea and T3 - organic fertilizer with poultry litter. The grass was cut every 15 days, three months after fertilization, for a total of four periods of grazing exclusion. Experimental samples were analyzed for the isotopic nitrogen and crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin composition. Degradation of poultry litter, the sand bag method was analyzed by linear regression. (delta-N-15)

Objetivou-se avaliar e quantificar, pela metodologia dos isótopos estáveis, os valores de 15N para o adubo orgânico (cama de frango) e inorgânico (ureia). Além de avaliar a taxa de incorporação, meia vida e analises química dos mesmos, para uma possível rastreabilidade por meio da pastagem adubada com diferentes fontes de N. O emprego da técnica com utilização do traçador do isótopo estável 15N permitem estimar as modificações do N no solo, mesmo diante das variadas transformações que acontecem concomitantemente. A metodologia determina o caminho de ambos os isótopos de N (15N e 14N), fornecendo informações acerca do sistema e estimando as taxas de transformação do N. O presente estudo teve por objetivo determinar o valor isotópico do 15N e composição química em condições naturais do capim-marandu (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu), sob o diferimento em função da adubação utilizada, em quatro cortes após a vedação. O trabalho foi desenvolvido na Faculdade de Medicina e Veterinária e Zootecnia da UNESP de Botucatu. A área, 576m2, utilizada para as parcelas foi dividida em 3 tratamentos com 4 repetições cada, segundo os tratamentos: T1 - tratamento testemunho sem adubação; T2 - adubação com ureia e T3 adubação orgânica com cama de frango. Após três meses, o capim foi cortado a cada 15 dias, totalizando quatro períodos de vedação. As amostras colhidas no experimento foram analisad

COMPORTAMENTO INGESTIVO DE CORDEIROS EM SISTEMAS DE PRODUÇÃO EM PASTAGEM DE AZEVÉM.

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o comportamento ingestivo de cordeiros, terminados em sistemas de produção em pastagem de azevém (Lolium multiflorum) sobressemeado em Tifton 85 (Cynodon sp) nos tratamentos: (1) cordeiros desmamados precocemente, aos 40 dias de idade, e mantidos em pastagem de azevém até o abate; (2) cordeiros sem desmame, na mesma pastagem de azevém até o abate; (3) cordeiros sem desmame suplementados em creep feeding a partir de 40 dias de idade, na pastagem de azevém, até o abate. Foram realizadas avaliações do comportamento ingestivo dos cordeiros, de Agosto a Setembro de 2004, verificando as atividades de pastejo, ruminação, amamentação, acesso a creep feeding e outras atividades. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente cazualisado com 3 repetições e parcelas subdivididas no tempo, considerando os dias e períodos como subparcelas. Não houve efeito (p>0,05) dos tratamentos sobre o tempo de pastejo e amamentação, entretanto, houve redução no tempo de ruminação (p 0,05), e elevação do tempo em outras atividades (p 0,05) para cordeiros em creep feeding. O tempo de pastejo no período da tarde foi superior (p 0,05) ao da manhã, sendo que as demais atividades foram distribuídas homogeneamente ao longo do dia. O sistema de produção de cordeiros pode alterar os padrões de comportamento alimentar dos cordeiros, sendo que o pastejo é

COMPORTAMENTO INGESTIVO DE CORDEIROS EM SISTEMAS DE PRODUÇÃO EM PASTAGEM DE AZEVÉM.

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o comportamento ingestivo de cordeiros, terminados em sistemas de produção em pastagem de azevém (Lolium multiflorum) sobressemeado em Tifton 85 (Cynodon sp) nos tratamentos: (1) cordeiros desmamados precocemente, aos 40 dias de idade, e mantidos em pastagem de azevém até o abate; (2) cordeiros sem desmame, na mesma pastagem de azevém até o abate; (3) cordeiros sem desmame suplementados em creep feeding a partir de 40 dias de idade, na pastagem de azevém, até o abate. Foram realizadas avaliações do comportamento ingestivo dos cordeiros, de Agosto a Setembro de 2004, verificando as atividades de pastejo, ruminação, amamentação, acesso a creep feeding e outras atividades. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente cazualisado com 3 repetições e parcelas subdivididas no tempo, considerando os dias e períodos como subparcelas. Não houve efeito (p>0,05) dos tratamentos sobre o tempo de pastejo e amamentação, entretanto, houve redução no tempo de ruminação (p 0,05), e elevação do tempo em outras atividades (p 0,05) para cordeiros em creep feeding. O tempo de pastejo no período da tarde foi superior (p 0,05) ao da manhã, sendo que as demais atividades foram distribuídas homogeneamente ao longo do dia. O sistema de produção de cordeiros pode alterar os padrões de comportamento alimentar dos cordeiros, sendo que o pastejo é

CARACTERÍSTICAS DAS CARCAÇAS DE CORDEIROS LACTENTES TERMINADOS EM CREEP FEEDING E CREEP GRAZING

  O trabalho foi desenvolvido no Laboratório de Produção e Pesquisa de Ovinos e Caprinos da UFPR objetivando avaliar sistemas de terminação de cordeiros lactentes em pastagem, suplementados em creep feeding e creep grazing, por meio das características in vivo, da carcaça e dos não constituintes da carcaça. Foram estudados três sistemas de terminação em pastagem de azevém: (1) cordeiros sem desmame e sem suplementação; (2) cordeiros sem desmame com acesso exclusivo à suplementação concentrada a 2% do peso corporal por dia em comedouro privativo (creep feeding); (3) cordeiros sem desmame com acesso livre e exclusivo à suplementação com trevo branco (Trifolium repens) em pasto privativo (creep grazing). Os cordeiros foram abatidos ao atingirem o peso vivo individual de 33 kg. Foram tomadas as medidas corporais in vivo; os pesos e rendimentos das carcaças, dos cortes e das vísceras; as medidas da área do lombo e da gordura subcutânea nessa região. Os sistemas de suplementação não interferiram nos aspectos morfológicos dos cordeiros, de suas carcaças e demais componentes, resultando em carcaças e cortes homogêneos e de padrão adequado para o mercado consumidor nacional. O uso do trevo branco em creep grazing mostrou-se como possível alternativa tecnológica aos produtores de cordeiros em pasto.

Net herbage accumulation rate and crude protein content of Urochloa brizantha cultivars under shade intensities / Taxa de acúmulo de forragem e teor de proteína bruta de cultivares de Urochloa brizantha sob intensidades luminosas

The use of silvopastoral systems is a sustainable alternative for animal production in various regions of the Brazil. However to obtain satisfactory results in these systems, the selection of forage species that grows well in the shade should be done. The tolerance of plants to light restriction and the correctly choice of species, considering good nutritional values for these conditions has great importance. The study of artificial shading for forage production helps the clarification of issues related to the behavior of plants under reduced light prior to use in integrations with forests. The aim of the study was to evaluate the net herbage accumulation rate of forage (HAR) and crude protein (CP) of Urochloa brizantha cultivars (Marandu and Piatã) under natural light and shading of 30 and 60%. The experiment was conducted at FMVZ - UNESP, Botucatu. The experimental design was a randomized block in factorial arrangement 3 x 2 (three shading levels: 0, 30 and 60%, two cultivars: Marandu and Piatã) with three replications and repeated measures (3 cuts). Sample collection occurred when the cultivars reached 35 cm in height. The treatments with shading showed lower cutting intervals as compared to those subjected to full sunlight, because they have reached in a shorter time to time as determined cut-off criterion (mean of 37, 45 and 61 days for reduction of 60%, reduction of 30% a

O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.

Características das carcaças de cordeiros lactentes terminados em creep feeding e creep grazing

O trabalho foi desenvolvido no Laboratório de Produção e Pesquisa de Ovinos e Caprinos da UFPR objetivando avaliar sistemas de terminação de cordeiros lactentes em pastagem, suplementados em creep feeding e creep grazing, por meio das características in vivo, da carcaça e dos não constituintes da carcaça. Foram estudados três sistemas de terminação em pastagem de azevém: (1) cordeiros sem desmame e sem suplementação; (2) cordeiros sem desmame com acesso exclusivo à suplementação concentrada a 2% do peso corporal por dia em comedouro privativo (creep feeding); (3) cordeiros sem desmame com acesso livre e exclusivo à suplementação com trevo branco (Trifolium repens) em pasto privativo (creep grazing). Os cordeiros foram abatidos ao atingirem o peso vivo individual de 33 kg. Foram tomadas as medidas corporais in vivo; os pesos e rendimentos das carcaças, dos cortes e das vísceras; as medidas da área do lombo e da gordura subcutânea nessa região. Os sistemas de suplementação não interferiram nos aspectos morfológicos dos cordeiros, de suas carcaças e demais componentes, resultando em carcaças e cortes homogêneos e de padrão adequado para o mercado consumidor nacional. O uso do trevo branco em creep grazing mostrou-se como possível alternativa tecnológica aos produtores de cordeiros em pasto.

Net herbage accumulation rate and crude protein content of Urochloa brizantha cultivars under shade intensities / Taxa de acúmulo de forragem e teor de proteína bruta de cultivares de Urochloa brizantha sob intensidades luminosas

The use of silvopastoral systems is a sustainable alternative for animal production in various regions of the Brazil. However to obtain satisfactory results in these systems, the selection of forage species that grows well in the shade should be done. The tolerance of plants to light restriction and the correctly choice of species, considering good nutritional values for these conditions has great importance. The study of artificial shading for forage production helps the clarification of issues related to the behavior of plants under reduced light prior to use in integrations with forests. The aim of the study was to evaluate the net herbage accumulation rate of forage (HAR) and crude protein (CP) of Urochloa brizantha cultivars (Marandu and Piatã) under natural light and shading of 30 and 60%. The experiment was conducted at FMVZ - UNESP, Botucatu. The experimental design was a randomized block in factorial arrangement 3 x 2 (three shading levels: 0, 30 and 60%, two cultivars: Marandu and Piatã) with three replications and repeated measures (3 cuts). Sample collection occurred when the cultivars reached 35 cm in height. The treatments with shading showed lower cutting intervals as compared to those subjected to full sunlight, because they have reached in a shorter time to time as determined cut-off criterion (mean of 37, 45 and 61 days for reduction of 60%, reduction of 30% a

O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.

Tenderness charactherization of ostrich meat commercial cuts / Caracterização da maciez de cortes comerciais de carne de avestruz

The ostrich meat has become an interesting source of protein as well as being an alternative to red meat, because of its healthy fatty acid profile, with a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids and low content of intramuscular fat, which arouses the interest of people who want a low animal fat diet. Ostrich meat is also appreciated by the tenderness, since it is one of the larger impact characteristics on the acceptance of a meat product for consumers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the tenderness of different ostrich meat commercial cuts and certificate that all studied cuts present tenderness acceptable by consumers. The laboratory tests were performed at the Laboratory of Biochemistry of Proteins (FMVZ), being measured shear force of seven commercial cuts of ostrich meat. The cuts were: internal thigh, external thigh, filet plan, filet out, filet small, rump and filet fan. The samples were boiled in water bath controlled by time and temperature. After chilling, fragments of 1.0 x 1.0 x 3.0 cm were removed from samples. Shear force measurements were performed using a mechanical Warner-Bratzler Shear Force equipment. The shear force means were: internal thigh (3.5 kg), external thigh (2.8 kg), filet plan (2.4 kg), filet out (1.6 kg), filet small (3.5 kg), rump (3.3 kg) and filet fan (2.0 kg). All the commercial cuts evaluated had very low values of shear force, de

O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.

Effect of early weaning and concentrate supplementation at forage intake and ingestive behavior of sheep grazing Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.) / Efeito do desmame precoce e alimentação suplementar no consumo de forragem e o comportamento ingestivo de ovinos mantidos em pastagem de Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.)

The objective of this study was to evaluate then early weaning and concentrate supplementation effect at pasture characteristics, forage intake and ingestive behavior of lambs grazing Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.). A randomized block design was used with four treatments, three replications and five lambs per replicate. A total of 60 Suffolk lambs, that 36 were females and 24 steers. The treatments had corresponded to the combinations between early weaning precocious and concentrate supplementation strategies, that resulted in the following ones finishing systems: 1) lambs kept with mothers without supplementation; 2) lambs kept with mothers supplemented with concentrate in creep feeding at 2% of body weigh (BW) in DM/day; 3) weaned lambs at 45 ± 5 days without supplementation and 4) weaned lambs at 45 ± 5 days and supplemented with concentrate at 2% of BW in DM/day. Grazing utilization method was continuous stocking with adjustment every 21 days, to maintain forage offer at 12% of BW in DM/day. To characterize the pastoral environment was assessed: morphological composition of pasture. There were made four observations the behavioral activities for individually lambs per 24 hours, such as: grazing, ruminating, suckling, supplementation, and others activities. The intake rate was measured using the technique of double sampling and determination of bite rate was made by visual observa

O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.

Evaluation of germoplasm of Paspalum genus with potential for foraging production / Avaliação de germoplasma do gênero Paspalum com potencial para produção de forragem

This study was carried out in Fazenda Canchim in São Carlos-SP, physical base of Southeast Embrapa Cattle, aiming to select, based on the agronomic characteristics of productivity of dry matter and quality of the forage, the accesses of suitable gender Paspalum for possessing potentiality of use as foraging plants. Were evaluated for 3 years, with 22 forage grasses, being 19 of Paspalum and three more of control species: Brachiaria decumbens, Andropogon gayanus cv. Baetí and Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania, submitted to two intensification levels: high (fertilizer after each cut and supplemental irrigation) and low (only fertilizer of annual replacement without irrigation). The experimental design was a randomized complete block with two replications assigned to a split-plot arrangement. Means were compared using the Scott-Knott test. The studied variables were: dry matter production, in vitro dry matter digestibility and crude protein content. The results indicate that the accesses responded to the intensification level minimizing the negative effect of the seasonal production. Based on the studied variables, the selected accesses were: BRA-011401 (Paspalum glaucescens); BRA-011681 (P. atratum); BRA009661 (P. atratum) and BRA-019186 (P. regnellii).

O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.

Nellore: an interesting option to produce meat quality / Nelore: Uma interessante opção para produzir carne de qualidade

Brazil has the largest commercial herd of beef cattle and is among the major producers of beef. The Brazilian herd consists largely of Nellore cattle, this breed is labeled as a producer of meat without quality, mainly because of the tenderness is the most valued trait in beef. The objective of this study was to evaluate some characteristics related to meat quality in Nellore cattle. The experiment was conducted at the feedlot sector of the Department of Melhoramento e Nutrição Animal (FMVZ). Uncastrated calves of Nellore breed (n = 15), produced as recommended by the Superprecoce young beef cattle system, were utilized. The animals were submitted to feedlot at the 7 months of age and slaughtered between 12 and 15 months. The animals were fed a high-energy diet, having average daily gain of 1.4 kg, to explore the best of the growth phase. The animals were slaughtered with an average of 435 kg (14.5 @), and showed carcass yield of 57.5% and back fat thickness of 3.2 mm. After slaughter, the carcasses were cooled for 24 hours, and samples from Longissimus muscle were removed of the region between the 12th and 13th ribs. One sample was frozen and the other two samples were aged for 7 and 14 days, respectively. The efficiency of the aging process on the beef tenderness was evaluated through the shear force analysis (SF) and myofibrillar fragmentation index (MFI). Carcass yield wa

ês.

Marandu palisadegrass submitted to different sheep stocking rates: height and leaf: stem ratio / Capim Marandu submetido a diferentes taxas de lotação de ovinos: Altura e relação folha:colmo

The experiment was carried out at the Sheep Experimental Farm of Federal University of Mato Grosso/Brazil, along the months of February to May 2008, during the rainy and the water-dry transition seasons. The area where the experiment were totaled 4500 m2, formed by the Marandu palisadegrass. This area was divided into 45 paddocks of 100 m2. We used 27 lambs Santa Inês (purebred) with 4 months of age and average weight of 22 kg. The lambs were grouped into nine lots of similar weights. The treatments consisted of three stocking rates, 2, 3 and 4 female lambs / paddocks, corresponding respectively to 40, 60 and 80 lambs / ha. Each treatment was represented by 15 repetitions totaling 45 plots, each representing a paddock of 100 m2. The paddocks were managed under the system of intermittent stocking with 7 days of occupation and 28 days of rest. All paddocks had the height measured in 10 points. We used the found height as a criterion for the choice of where to sample the plot residual forage mass. The cutting height was 5 cm in the ground. The samples were weighed and submitted to fractionation: leaf, stem and senescent material. We calculated the leaf: stem ratio, dividing the amount of dry residual amount of green leaves by stem + sheath. The data collected were submitted to variance and regression analysis at 5% significance level. There was a linear decrease as the stocking ra

ês.

Ingestive behavior and performance of female lambs under grazing / Comportamento ingestivo e desempenho de cordeiras em pastejo

The ingestive behavior and performance of female lambs grazing on Marandu pasture submitted to different stocking rates during the rainy and transition season were evaluated. The experimental area with 4.500 m2 was divided into 45 paddocks of 100 m2 each. Twenty-seven Santa Ines female lambs (purebred) 4 months old and 22 kg of initial body weight were distributed in a completely randomized design, with nine replicates. Lambs were divided into 9 groups with the same initial weight and submitted to three stocking rates: 2, 3 and 4 lambs/paddock, which corresponded to 40, 60 and 80 lambs/ha, respectively. Each group of animals had a module of five paddocks, managed on intermittent grazing system, with 7 days of occupation and 28 d of rest. The feeding behavior of animals was assessed one day before the end of each experimental period, from 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM, observing the activities of grazing, rumination, rest and water or mineral intake at every 15 minutes. Only activity happening in the moment of observation was considered. The liveweight gain of animals was calculated by the difference between weighing dates. The average daily gain was obtained dividing the WG by the total of the experimental period days. Weight gain per area was calculated by multiplying the number of animals per hectare in each stoking rate and their respective weight gain. Increase on time of grazing and

O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.

Ingestive behavior and performance of female lambs under grazing / Comportamento ingestivo e desempenho de cordeiras em pastejo

The ingestive behavior and performance of female lambs grazing on Marandu pasture submitted to different stocking rates during the rainy and transition season were evaluated. The experimental area with 4.500 m2 was divided into 45 paddocks of 100 m2 each. Twenty-seven Santa Ines female lambs (purebred) 4 months old and 22 kg of initial body weight were distributed in a completely randomized design, with nine replicates. Lambs were divided into 9 groups with the same initial weight and submitted to three stocking rates: 2, 3 and 4 lambs/paddock, which corresponded to 40, 60 and 80 lambs/ha, respectively. Each group of animals had a module of five paddocks, managed on intermittent grazing system, with 7 days of occupation and 28 d of rest. The feeding behavior of animals was assessed one day before the end of each experimental period, from 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM, observing the activities of grazing, rumination, rest and water or mineral intake at every 15 minutes. Only activity happening in the moment of observation was considered. The liveweight gain of animals was calculated by the difference between weighing dates. The average daily gain was obtained dividing the WG by the total of the experimental period days. Weight gain per area was calculated by multiplying the number of animals per hectare in each stoking rate and their respective weight gain. Increase on time of grazing and

O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.

Marandu palisadegrass submitted to different sheep stocking rates: height and leaf: stem ratio / Capim Marandu submetido a diferentes taxas de lotação de ovinos: Altura e relação folha:colmo

The experiment was carried out at the Sheep Experimental Farm of Federal University of Mato Grosso/Brazil, along the months of February to May 2008, during the rainy and the water-dry transition seasons. The area where the experiment were totaled 4500 m2, formed by the Marandu palisadegrass. This area was divided into 45 paddocks of 100 m2. We used 27 lambs Santa Inês (purebred) with 4 months of age and average weight of 22 kg. The lambs were grouped into nine lots of similar weights. The treatments consisted of three stocking rates, 2, 3 and 4 female lambs / paddocks, corresponding respectively to 40, 60 and 80 lambs / ha. Each treatment was represented by 15 repetitions totaling 45 plots, each representing a paddock of 100 m2. The paddocks were managed under the system of intermittent stocking with 7 days of occupation and 28 days of rest. All paddocks had the height measured in 10 points. We used the found height as a criterion for the choice of where to sample the plot residual forage mass. The cutting height was 5 cm in the ground. The samples were weighed and submitted to fractionation: leaf, stem and senescent material. We calculated the leaf: stem ratio, dividing the amount of dry residual amount of green leaves by stem + sheath. The data collected were submitted to variance and regression analysis at 5% significance level. There was a linear decrease as the stocking ra

ês.

Nellore: an interesting option to produce meat quality / Nelore: Uma interessante opção para produzir carne de qualidade

Brazil has the largest commercial herd of beef cattle and is among the major producers of beef. The Brazilian herd consists largely of Nellore cattle, this breed is labeled as a producer of meat without quality, mainly because of the tenderness is the most valued trait in beef. The objective of this study was to evaluate some characteristics related to meat quality in Nellore cattle. The experiment was conducted at the feedlot sector of the Department of Melhoramento e Nutrição Animal (FMVZ). Uncastrated calves of Nellore breed (n = 15), produced as recommended by the Superprecoce young beef cattle system, were utilized. The animals were submitted to feedlot at the 7 months of age and slaughtered between 12 and 15 months. The animals were fed a high-energy diet, having average daily gain of 1.4 kg, to explore the best of the growth phase. The animals were slaughtered with an average of 435 kg (14.5 @), and showed carcass yield of 57.5% and back fat thickness of 3.2 mm. After slaughter, the carcasses were cooled for 24 hours, and samples from Longissimus muscle were removed of the region between the 12th and 13th ribs. One sample was frozen and the other two samples were aged for 7 and 14 days, respectively. The efficiency of the aging process on the beef tenderness was evaluated through the shear force analysis (SF) and myofibrillar fragmentation index (MFI). Carcass yield wa

ês.

Evaluation of germoplasm of Paspalum genus with potential for foraging production / Avaliação de germoplasma do gênero Paspalum com potencial para produção de forragem

This study was carried out in Fazenda Canchim in São Carlos-SP, physical base of Southeast Embrapa Cattle, aiming to select, based on the agronomic characteristics of productivity of dry matter and quality of the forage, the accesses of suitable gender Paspalum for possessing potentiality of use as foraging plants. Were evaluated for 3 years, with 22 forage grasses, being 19 of Paspalum and three more of control species: Brachiaria decumbens, Andropogon gayanus cv. Baetí and Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania, submitted to two intensification levels: high (fertilizer after each cut and supplemental irrigation) and low (only fertilizer of annual replacement without irrigation). The experimental design was a randomized complete block with two replications assigned to a split-plot arrangement. Means were compared using the Scott-Knott test. The studied variables were: dry matter production, in vitro dry matter digestibility and crude protein content. The results indicate that the accesses responded to the intensification level minimizing the negative effect of the seasonal production. Based on the studied variables, the selected accesses were: BRA-011401 (Paspalum glaucescens); BRA-011681 (P. atratum); BRA009661 (P. atratum) and BRA-019186 (P. regnellii).

O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.

Effect of early weaning and concentrate supplementation at forage intake and ingestive behavior of sheep grazing Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.) / Efeito do desmame precoce e alimentação suplementar no consumo de forragem e o comportamento ingestivo de ovinos mantidos em pastagem de Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.)

The objective of this study was to evaluate then early weaning and concentrate supplementation effect at pasture characteristics, forage intake and ingestive behavior of lambs grazing Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.). A randomized block design was used with four treatments, three replications and five lambs per replicate. A total of 60 Suffolk lambs, that 36 were females and 24 steers. The treatments had corresponded to the combinations between early weaning precocious and concentrate supplementation strategies, that resulted in the following ones finishing systems: 1) lambs kept with mothers without supplementation; 2) lambs kept with mothers supplemented with concentrate in creep feeding at 2% of body weigh (BW) in DM/day; 3) weaned lambs at 45 ± 5 days without supplementation and 4) weaned lambs at 45 ± 5 days and supplemented with concentrate at 2% of BW in DM/day. Grazing utilization method was continuous stocking with adjustment every 21 days, to maintain forage offer at 12% of BW in DM/day. To characterize the pastoral environment was assessed: morphological composition of pasture. There were made four observations the behavioral activities for individually lambs per 24 hours, such as: grazing, ruminating, suckling, supplementation, and others activities. The intake rate was measured using the technique of double sampling and determination of bite rate was made by visual observa

O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.

Tenderness charactherization of ostrich meat commercial cuts / Caracterização da maciez de cortes comerciais de carne de avestruz

The ostrich meat has become an interesting source of protein as well as being an alternative to red meat, because of its healthy fatty acid profile, with a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids and low content of intramuscular fat, which arouses the interest of people who want a low animal fat diet. Ostrich meat is also appreciated by the tenderness, since it is one of the larger impact characteristics on the acceptance of a meat product for consumers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the tenderness of different ostrich meat commercial cuts and certificate that all studied cuts present tenderness acceptable by consumers. The laboratory tests were performed at the Laboratory of Biochemistry of Proteins (FMVZ), being measured shear force of seven commercial cuts of ostrich meat. The cuts were: internal thigh, external thigh, filet plan, filet out, filet small, rump and filet fan. The samples were boiled in water bath controlled by time and temperature. After chilling, fragments of 1.0 x 1.0 x 3.0 cm were removed from samples. Shear force measurements were performed using a mechanical Warner-Bratzler Shear Force equipment. The shear force means were: internal thigh (3.5 kg), external thigh (2.8 kg), filet plan (2.4 kg), filet out (1.6 kg), filet small (3.5 kg), rump (3.3 kg) and filet fan (2.0 kg). All the commercial cuts evaluated had very low values of shear force, de

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