Subject(s)
Bacterial Toxins/metabolism , Bronchitis/microbiology , Exotoxins/metabolism , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/isolation & purification , Influenza, Human/complications , Leukocidins/metabolism , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Pneumonia, Staphylococcal/diagnosis , Tracheitis/microbiology , Bronchitis/drug therapy , Bronchoscopy/methods , Coinfection/metabolism , Coinfection/microbiology , Disease Management , Humans , Influenza, Human/diagnosis , Influenza, Human/drug therapy , Influenza, Human/virology , Linezolid/therapeutic use , Male , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/metabolism , Middle Aged , Pneumonia, Staphylococcal/drug therapy , Pneumonia, Staphylococcal/microbiology , Tracheitis/drug therapy , Treatment OutcomeSubject(s)
Fibrinolytic Agents/adverse effects , Hemorrhage/chemically induced , Lung Diseases/chemically induced , Pyrazoles/adverse effects , Pyridones/adverse effects , Aged , Aspirin/therapeutic use , Atrial Fibrillation/drug therapy , Continuous Positive Airway Pressure , Female , Fibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use , Hemorrhage/diagnosis , Hemorrhage/therapy , Humans , Lung Diseases/diagnosis , Lung Diseases/therapy , Pyrazoles/therapeutic use , Pyridones/therapeutic use , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Arachidonic acid (AA) is an essential fatty acid that is metabolized by cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX) or cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes to generate eicosanoids which in turn mediate a number of biological activities including regulation of angiogenesis. While much information on the effects of COX and LOX products is known, the physiological relevance of the CYP-derived products of AA are less well understood. CYP enzymes are highly expressed in the liver and kidney, but have also been detected at lower levels in the brain, heart and vasculature. A number of these enzymes, including members of the CYP 4 family, predominantly catalyze conversion of AA to 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) while the CYP epoxygenases generate mainly epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). This review will focus on the emerging roles of inhibitors of eicosanoid production with emphasis on the CYP pathways, in the regulation of angiogenesis and tumor growth. We also discuss current observations describing the protective effects of EETs for survival of the endothelium.
