ABSTRACT
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different lipid sources on the nutrient intake, digestibility and purine derivative excretion of lambs. Thirty-five 60-day-old, male, non-castrated Santa Ines lambs with an initial average body weight (BW) of 13.00 ± 1.80 kg were used in a randomized complete block design with seven blocks and five treatments. The experimental treatments consisted of a control diet without supplemental lipids and four test diets with different lipid supplements, selected according to the degree of ruminal protection from hydrogenation: supplementation, being supplementation with whole cottonseed (WC), supplementation with cashew nut meal (CNM), supplementation with both cottonseed and cashew nut meal (WC-CNM) and supplementation with calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids (Ca-LCFA). The lambs were slaughtered after reaching 28 kg average BW for each treatment. The ether extract intake (EEI) was higher (p < 0.01) for the lipid supplemented compared to control diet lambs. Supplementation with WC decreased the digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and total carbohydrate (TC) (p < 0.01), whereas supplementation with CNM, WC-CNM and Ca-LCFA reduced non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC) digestibility (p < 0.01). The ether extract (EE) digestibility coefficient was higher with CNM, followed by Ca-LCFA and WC, when compared to WC-CNM and control diets. Nitrogen balance (NB) was not influenced (p > 0.05) by the different lipid sources. A lower purine derivative (PD) excretion and thus lower microbial protein supply (MPS) was observed for animals supplemented with Ca-LCFA (p < 0.01) compared to the WC-CNM and control diets. In conclusion, WC, CNM and WC-CNM supplementation did not have negative effects on MPS, although negative effects have been observed on nutrient digestibility.
Subject(s)
Animal Feed/analysis , Diet/veterinary , Digestion/drug effects , Eating/drug effects , Lipids/administration & dosage , Sheep/physiology , Anacardium/chemistry , Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Animals , Cottonseed Oil/administration & dosage , Cottonseed Oil/chemistry , Fatty Acids/administration & dosage , Fatty Acids/chemistry , Lipids/chemistry , Male , Nitrogen/metabolism , Purines/metabolismABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to determine the critical points of the operation of broiler catching for transport to the processing plant from animal and operational perspectives. During catching, chickens, environmental variables (temperature and relative humidity) were constantly monitored to determine the Enthalpy Comfort Index (IEC). Also, the physiological variable rectal temperature (RT) was monitored as an indicator of stress suffered by the birds during this handling procedure. Bird welfare were evaluated by analyzing their behavior. The bag method was effective to prevent the struggling of birds while being taken from the broiler house to the transport truck, reducing physical injuries and losses during catching.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Animal Culling/economics , Animal Culling/methods , Chickens/physiologyABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to determine the critical points of the operation of broiler catching for transport to the processing plant from animal and operational perspectives. During catching, chickens, environmental variables (temperature and relative humidity) were constantly monitored to determine the Enthalpy Comfort Index (IEC). Also, the physiological variable rectal temperature (RT) was monitored as an indicator of stress suffered by the birds during this handling procedure. Bird welfare were evaluated by analyzing their behavior. The bag method was effective to prevent the struggling of birds while being taken from the broiler house to the transport truck, reducing physical injuries and losses during catching.
Subject(s)
Animals , Animal Culling/economics , Animal Culling/methods , Chickens/physiologyABSTRACT
A leptina é um hormônio peptídico secretado principalmente pelo tecido adiposo, o qual promoveredução na ingestão de alimentos e no peso corporal. Atualmente, sabe-se que a leptina influencia o eixohipotalâmico-hipofisário e interfere em diversos processos fisiológicos em mamíferos. Porém, a maioria dasinformações existentes foi obtida com pesquisas realizadas em humanos e roedores. Desse modo, ainda não estáesclarecido o mecanismo de regulação em ruminantes. O objetivo desta revisão é sumarizar o papel da leptinasobre a reprodução de ruminantes, os mecanismos hormonais e sua ação ao longo da vida reprodutiva norebanho.(AU)
Leptin is a peptide hormone mainly secreted from the adipose tissue. It can cause marked reduction infood intake and body weight. At present, it is known that leptin influences the hypothalamic-pituitary axisinterfering in various physiological processes in mammals. However, the majority of the information existingwas obtained with research done in humans and rodents. Thus, the regulation mechanism in ruminants is stillunclear. The aim of this review was to outline the role of leptin in regulating reproduction in ruminants,hormone mechanism and its action on the flocks reproductive life.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Leptin/administration & dosage , Leptin/analysis , Reproduction/physiology , RuminantsABSTRACT
A leptina é um hormônio peptídico secretado principalmente pelo tecido adiposo, o qual promoveredução na ingestão de alimentos e no peso corporal. Atualmente, sabe-se que a leptina influencia o eixohipotalâmico-hipofisário e interfere em diversos processos fisiológicos em mamíferos. Porém, a maioria dasinformações existentes foi obtida com pesquisas realizadas em humanos e roedores. Desse modo, ainda não estáesclarecido o mecanismo de regulação em ruminantes. O objetivo desta revisão é sumarizar o papel da leptinasobre a reprodução de ruminantes, os mecanismos hormonais e sua ação ao longo da vida reprodutiva norebanho.
Leptin is a peptide hormone mainly secreted from the adipose tissue. It can cause marked reduction infood intake and body weight. At present, it is known that leptin influences the hypothalamic-pituitary axisinterfering in various physiological processes in mammals. However, the majority of the information existingwas obtained with research done in humans and rodents. Thus, the regulation mechanism in ruminants is stillunclear. The aim of this review was to outline the role of leptin in regulating reproduction in ruminants,hormone mechanism and its action on the flocks reproductive life.
Subject(s)
Animals , Leptin/administration & dosage , Leptin/analysis , Reproduction/physiology , RuminantsABSTRACT
The physiological parameters that could be reference for trustful diagnosis and prognosis of prostate disorders in dogs were obtained. Thirty six intact male dogs without clinical signs of neither prostatic nor reproductive disorders were allocated according the age in three groups. These animals were submitted to semen manual collection for microbiological exams; transabdominal ultrasonography to evaluate dimensions, ecogenicity, and texture of prostatic parenchyma and aspirative puncture with fine needle for cytological and microbiological analyses. Ultrasonography revealed that the predominant prostatic shape was round with regular surface. Dimensions varied according to age, being small in young animals and large in old ones. There was a positive correlation between prostatic dimensions and body weight. Microbiological exams detected microorganisms on seminal plasma from 11 dogs and prostate tissue aspirated from 10 animals, although they were healthy. Cytology did not reveal any inflammatory, proliferative, or neoplasic alteration in young and middle age dogs, but in three older dogs signs of hyperplasia/hypertrophy was found. It was observed positive correlation between age and cellular area but a negative correlation was observed between nucleus:cytoplasm ratio and craniocaudal dimension.
Obtiveram-se parâmetros fisiológicos que pudessem ser utilizados como referência para diagnóstico e prognóstico confiáveis de doença prostática em cães. Trinta e seis cães, sem sinais clínicos de doença prostática ou distúrbios reprodutivos, foram distribuídos em três grupos de acordo com a idade.Os animais foram submetidos à colheita manual de sêmen para exames microbiológicos, à ultrassonografia transabdominal, para avaliar as dimensões, a ecogenicidade e a ecotextura prostática, e à punção aspirativa com agulha fina, para análise citológica e microbiológica. A ultrassonografia revelou que a forma predominante da próstata foi globosa, com superfície de contorno regular. As dimensões variaram de acordo com a idade, sendo pequena em animais jovens e grande nos animais idosos. Houve correlação positiva entre as dimensões prostáticas e o peso corporal. Os exames microbiológicos detectaram microrganismos no plasma seminal de 11 cães e no tecido prostático aspirado de 10 animais, embora eles fossem saudáveis. A citologia não revelou nenhuma alteração inflamatória, proliferativa ou neoplásica nos cães jovens e de meia idade, mas, em três cães idosos foram encontrados sinais de hiperplasia/hipertrofia. Foi observada correlação positiva entre a idade e a área celular e correlação negativa entre a relação núcleo:citoplasma e a dimensão craniocaudal.
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Dog Diseases , Prostate/ultrastructure , Semen/physiology , Biopsy, Fine-Needle/methods , Microbiological Techniques/methodsABSTRACT
The physiological parameters that could be reference for trustful diagnosis and prognosis of prostate disorders in dogs were obtained. Thirty six intact male dogs without clinical signs of neither prostatic nor reproductive disorders were allocated according the age in three groups. These animals were submitted to semen manual collection for microbiological exams; transabdominal ultrasonography to evaluate dimensions, ecogenicity, and texture of prostatic parenchyma and aspirative puncture with fine needle for cytological and microbiological analyses. Ultrasonography revealed that the predominant prostatic shape was round with regular surface. Dimensions varied according to age, being small in young animals and large in old ones. There was a positive correlation between prostatic dimensions and body weight. Microbiological exams detected microorganisms on seminal plasma from 11 dogs and prostate tissue aspirated from 10 animals, although they were healthy. Cytology did not reveal any inflammatory, proliferative, or neoplasic alteration in young and middle age dogs, but in three older dogs signs of hyperplasia/hypertrophy was found. It was observed positive correlation between age and cellular area but a negative correlation was observed between nucleus:cytoplasm ratio and craniocaudal dimension.(AU)
Obtiveram-se parâmetros fisiológicos que pudessem ser utilizados como referência para diagnóstico e prognóstico confiáveis de doença prostática em cães. Trinta e seis cães, sem sinais clínicos de doença prostática ou distúrbios reprodutivos, foram distribuídos em três grupos de acordo com a idade.Os animais foram submetidos à colheita manual de sêmen para exames microbiológicos, à ultrassonografia transabdominal, para avaliar as dimensões, a ecogenicidade e a ecotextura prostática, e à punção aspirativa com agulha fina, para análise citológica e microbiológica. A ultrassonografia revelou que a forma predominante da próstata foi globosa, com superfície de contorno regular. As dimensões variaram de acordo com a idade, sendo pequena em animais jovens e grande nos animais idosos. Houve correlação positiva entre as dimensões prostáticas e o peso corporal. Os exames microbiológicos detectaram microrganismos no plasma seminal de 11 cães e no tecido prostático aspirado de 10 animais, embora eles fossem saudáveis. A citologia não revelou nenhuma alteração inflamatória, proliferativa ou neoplásica nos cães jovens e de meia idade, mas, em três cães idosos foram encontrados sinais de hiperplasia/hipertrofia. Foi observada correlação positiva entre a idade e a área celular e correlação negativa entre a relação núcleo:citoplasma e a dimensão craniocaudal.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Dog Diseases , Semen/physiology , Prostate/ultrastructure , Biopsy, Fine-Needle/methods , Microbiological Techniques/methodsABSTRACT
Uma cadela de sete anos de idade foi trazida ao hospital veterinário "Governador Laudo Natel" pois apresentava estrangúria há dois meses. Os sinais clínicos desenvolveram-se dois dias após ovário-histerectomia de eleição. Exames radiográficos e ultrasonográficos sugeriram piometra de coto ou granuloma cervical e fistula vesicovaginal. Duas laparotomias foram realizadas para desfazer as adesões, mas não houve melhora nos sinais clínicos observados. Iniciou-se tratamento médico e oito meses depois o animal, novamente avaliado, apresentava-se sadio porém ainda com sinais de estrangúria. (AU)
A seven-year-old bitch was referred for investigation of a two-month history of strangury. Clinical signs had developed within two days of elective ovariohysterectomy. Ultrasonographic and radiographic examinations suggested stump pyometra or cervical granuloma and vesicovaginal fistula. Two laparotomies were performed to repair the adhesions, but no reduction in clinical signs was observed. Medical treatment was performed. Eight months later, the animal was admitted for examination and it appeared to be healthy but still had signs of strangury.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Ovary , Dogs , Vaginal FistulaABSTRACT
Uma cadela de sete anos de idade foi trazida ao hospital veterinário "Governador Laudo Natel" pois apresentava estrangúria há dois meses. Os sinais clínicos desenvolveram-se dois dias após ovário-histerectomia de eleição. Exames radiográficos e ultrasonográficos sugeriram piometra de coto ou granuloma cervical e fistula vesicovaginal. Duas laparotomias foram realizadas para desfazer as adesões, mas não houve melhora nos sinais clínicos observados. Iniciou-se tratamento médico e oito meses depois o animal, novamente avaliado, apresentava-se sadio porém ainda com sinais de estrangúria.