ABSTRACT
An unprecedented series of organometallic HCV (hepatitis C virus) NS5A (nonstructural 5A protein) replication complex inhibitors that incorporates a 1,1'-ferrocenediyl scaffold was explored. This scaffold introduces the elements of linear flexibility and non-planar topology that are unconventional for this class of inhibitors. Data from 2-D NMR spectroscopic analyses of these complexes in solution support an anti (unstacked) arrangement of the pharmacophoric groups. Several complexes demonstrate single-digit picomolar in vitro activity in an HCV genotype-1b replicon system. One complex to arise from this investigation (10a) exhibits exceptional picomolar activity against HCV genotype 1a and 1b replicons, low hepatocellular cytotoxicity, and good pharmacokinetic properties in rat.
Subject(s)
Antiviral Agents/pharmacology , Benzimidazoles/pharmacology , Ferrous Compounds/pharmacology , Hepacivirus/drug effects , Metallocenes/pharmacology , Viral Nonstructural Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors , Virus Replication/drug effects , Animals , Antiviral Agents/chemical synthesis , Antiviral Agents/chemistry , Antiviral Agents/pharmacokinetics , Benzimidazoles/chemical synthesis , Benzimidazoles/chemistry , Benzimidazoles/pharmacokinetics , Cell Line, Tumor , Ferrous Compounds/chemical synthesis , Ferrous Compounds/chemistry , Ferrous Compounds/pharmacokinetics , Humans , Macaca fascicularis , Male , Metallocenes/chemical synthesis , Metallocenes/chemistry , Metallocenes/pharmacokinetics , Microsomes, Liver/metabolism , Molecular Structure , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
A series of 4-aminopyrimidines (1) was identified as novel HIV inhibitors of unknown molecular target. Structural modifications were carried out to establish its SAR and identify the linking site for target identification. A number of analogs were found to possess single digit inhibitory activity for HIV replication. Several analogs with various potential linkers, including a biotinated analog, also exhibited excellent potency, and could serve as tools for the identification of novel anti-HIV targets.
Subject(s)
Anti-HIV Agents/chemistry , Anti-HIV Agents/pharmacology , HIV-1/drug effects , Pyrimidines/chemistry , Anti-HIV Agents/chemical synthesis , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
Bacillus anthracis contains a class A (Bla1) and class B (Bla2) beta-lactamase, which confer resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics when expressed in Escherichia coli. In an effort to find new beta-lactamase inhibitors, several penicillin derivatives have been evaluated including experimental compounds incorporating a 6-mercaptomethyl group or a 6-pyridylmethylidene group, along with clavulanate and tazobactam, as inhibitors against Bla1 and Bla2. The 6-mercaptomethyl-substituted penicillins showed much greater activity against the zinc-containing Bla2 than Bla1. The compound that incorporated a 6-pyridylmethylidene substituent and a catecholic substituent at the 2' position was the most effective inhibitor of Bla1 with Ki=0.057 microM. Inhibitors containing iron-chelating functional groups have previously been shown to work in combination with antibiotics to inhibit growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria expressing beta-lactamase. The development of similar compounds, incorporating these types of substituents, may help overcome resistance to currently used antibiotics.
