ABSTRACT
The present study relates to form a self-assembled coating on cotton fabric using layer-by-layer (L-B-L) technique to impart antimicrobial property. Poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and synthesised silver loaded chitosan (CS-Ag) nanoparticles were used as anionic and cationic agents, respectively, for the L-B-L electrostatic assembly of polyelectrolytes. The alternate L-B-L deposition of PSS and CS-Ag nanoparticles on fabric was done up to 15 bi-layers, which was confirmed by measuring the change in depth of colour of fabric after each single layer deposition. Scanning electron micrographs showed the successful deposition of CS-Ag nanoparticles as the topmost surface layer of coated fabric, which was further reaffirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. Results of both qualitative and quantitative analysis showed enhancement in the antibacterial activity of fabric coated L-B-L with CS-Ag nanoparticles (using minimal loading of silver) with respect to that of fabric coated L-B-L with chitosan (CS) nanoparticles. This was further substantiated by sustained release of Ag+ from fabric coated L-B-L with CS-Ag nanoparticles, as observed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Besides, no adverse effect on the physical and mechanical properties of the fabric, such as air-permeability, tensile strength and bending (flexural) rigidity, was observed after L-B-L coating of nanoparticles.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents , Bacteria/growth & development , Chitosan , Coated Materials, Biocompatible , Cotton Fiber , Nanoparticles/chemistry , Silver , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Chitosan/chemistry , Chitosan/pharmacology , Coated Materials, Biocompatible/chemistry , Coated Materials, Biocompatible/pharmacology , Silver/chemistry , Silver/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) is secreted during early pregnancy and is required for implantation and maintenance of the pregnancy. Active or passive immunoneutralization of hCG results in termination of pregnancy and this forms the basis of the hCG-based female contraceptive vaccine. However, the beta subunit of hCG possesses 85% sequence homology with the first 114 amino acids of the beta subunit of pituitary human LH (hLH), which is required for ovulation and maintenance of the corpus luteum function during the menstrual cycle. Immunization against hCG or its beta subunit leads to generation of antibodies that can neutralize hLH due to many shared epitopes and hence may cause abnormal menstrual cycles. Therefore, it is essential to identify epitopes that are different in the two hormones. In the present study, we report a monoclonal antibody (MAb) specific for hCG that shows no binding to the isolated subunits. Interestingly, the MAb also does not bind hLH at all. The epitope mapping analysis revealed that this antibody recognizes a unique discontinuous epitope present only in the heterodimeric hCG and is distinct from the unique C-terminal extension of hCG beta that is absent in hLH beta. The MAb, either as IgG or its recombinant single-chain variable region fragment, inhibited the response to hCG, but not to hLH. Thus, the epitope recognized by this MAb is an ideal candidate antigen for immunocontraception.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology , Chorionic Gonadotropin/immunology , Epitopes/immunology , Luteinizing Hormone/immunology , Amino Acid Sequence , Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry , Chorionic Gonadotropin/metabolism , Dimerization , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Epitope Mapping , Epitopes/chemistry , Humans , Luteinizing Hormone/chemistry , Models, Molecular , Molecular Sequence Data , Radioimmunoassay , Receptors, LH/metabolism , Sequence Homology, Amino AcidABSTRACT
Although glandular and stromal proliferations of prostate are very common in adult men, neoplastic proliferations of prostatic stroma are distinctly uncommon. These tumors are now grouped as Prostatic Stromal Proliferations of Uncertain Malignant Potential (PSPUMP). Phyllodes tumor of the prostate is a rare neoplasm in this group with cellular, sarcomatoid stroma and benign hyperplastic glands. It is a locally expansile tumor with clinical course varying from benign to aggressive. We report a case of a 45-year-old man presented with retention of urine and abdominal lump. On laparotomy it was a huge tumor of 4 kg and was histologicaly characterized by cellular pleomorphic stroma and hyperplastic epithelium. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated prostate specific antigen in the glands. It was diagnosed as cystosarcoma phyllodes tumor of prostate. This is extremely uncommon tumor similar in histology to that of breast and it's clinical course varies with the grade. The patient was without recurrence one year after surgery.
Subject(s)
Phyllodes Tumor/pathology , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To test the sensitivity of fine needle capillary sampling (FNCS) as compared to scrape cytology in cervical carcinoma, stage III and IV, and to study the quality of material obtained by FNCS. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective. In 48 cases of cervical carcinoma, clinically stage III and IV, FNCS was done along with scrape cytology. The results were compared, considering histopathology as the gold standard. The quality of material obtained by both methods was compared using the parameters background, cellularity and cellular preservation. RESULTS: FNCS had a sensitivity of 87.5% as against 62.5% for scrape cytology. Material obtained by FNCS had a cleaner background and better cellularity and morphologic preservation. CONCLUSION: FNCS is superior to scrape cytology for the diagnosis of stage III and IV cervical carcinoma.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma/diagnosis , Carcinoma/pathology , Neoplasm Staging , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosis , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology , Biopsy, Needle/standards , Female , Humans , Necrosis , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity , Tissue Fixation , Vaginal Smears/standardsABSTRACT
Cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma (CPDN) with skeletal muscle differentiation is reported for its rarity and its unique place in the spectrum from multilocular cyst to Wilms tumor. Unlike Wilms tumor CPDN does not metastasize and is cured by nephron sparing surgery.
Subject(s)
Kidney Neoplasms/pathology , Wilms Tumor/pathology , Child , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Kidney Neoplasms/surgery , Male , Muscle, Skeletal/pathology , Wilms Tumor/surgeryABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Melanocytic colonization in breast carcinoma with skin invasion is an unusual entity. Very rarely does florid colonization by melanocytes simulate melanoma. This phenomenon requires recognition. The cytomorphology of this lesion is reported below for the first time. CASE: A 45-year-female operated on for breast carcinoma developed a recurrent nodule on the mastectomy scar and another circumscribed, depigmented nodule on the back. Fine needle aspiration cytology smears from the recurrent nodule showed features of lobular carcinoma of the breast, whereas the nodule on the back showed cytomorphologic features simulating melanoma along with cells simulating lobular carcinoma of the breast. CONCLUSION: We report for the first time the cytologic finding of melanocytic colonization in subcutaneous secondary breast carcinoma.
