Optical coherence tomography assessment of the enamel surface after debonding the ceramic brackets using three different techniques.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the enamel surface damage and residual adhesive remnant [adhesive remnant index (ARI)] on extracted premolars after debonding the ceramic brackets using three different debonding techniques, with optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS: Ninety extracted premolars were bonded with ceramic brackets and divided into three groups of 30 teeth each based on debonding techniques used. Twenty-four hours later, they were debonded using three different debonding techniques: debonding pliers, ultrasonic scalers, and Er-YAG laser. A baseline scan was obtained prior to bonding using OCT. The teeth were evaluated for the adhesive remnant on the tooth surface using ARI score, and the amount of enamel surface damage was evaluated using OCT. RESULTS: We observed that the use of ultrasonic scalers as a debonding technique led to greater incidence of enamel surface damage as measured in OCT. The ARI scores with debonding pliers and laser were significantly greater than that of scaler debonding. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this in vitro study confirmed that use of ultrasonic scalers as a debonding technique led to significantly greater incidence of enamel surface damage when compared to the other two debonding techniques. The ARI scores on the tooth surface using debonding pliers and laser were significantly greater than that of the scaler debonding technique.

Patient and procedure selection for bariatric and metabolic surgery in Malaysia- The Malaysian Consensus.

The rise in obesity has fuelled the current debate of its classification as a disease. Contrary to just being a medical condition or a risk factor for other diseases, obesity is a complex disease with multifaceted aetiology as well as its own disabling capacities, pathophysiology, and comorbidities. The problem of obesity in Malaysia is serious and calls for active intervention by all stakeholders ranging from government agencies to insurers and healthcare providers. To aid efforts to curb obesity, this consensus statement for bariatric surgery provides a basis for inclusion and exclusion criteria as well as the types of procedures accepted as the norm in Malaysia. This consensus statement was initiated by the Society of Endoscopic and Laparoscopic Surgeons of Malaysia and was collaborated with representatives from the Ministry of Health Malaysia.

Life as a clinical director: an insight.

The clinical director (CD) is responsible for delivering high-quality patient-focused clinically effective healthcare services, which support the core principles of patient safety, and also serves as a conduit transmitting the trust's vision and objectives to clinical staff. The CD has to have a strategy to ensure that this is delivered without compromising patient care. He/she has to speak for all staff and ensure that the directorate strategy is aligned with the vision and strategy of the trust. In the opposite direction, the CD acts as a conduit through implementation of the departmental vision and strategy. To achieve these objectives, the CD works in close collaboration with the divisional triumvirate (executive [senior management team], divisional team [mid-level], directorate/departmental team), service manager, specialty leads, and senior nurses in addition to frontline consultant radiologists to ensure planning and delivery of robust clinical services within their areas and the entire trust. The role of the CD inherently requires "out-of-the-box" strategies, innovation, and influential communication skills for continuous service improvement and effective patient management pathways and flow. The CD ensures that appropriate medical workforce is available in the department to deliver high-quality care and maximise clinical efficiencies through effective deployment of available resources.

Disease activity in longstanding ankylosing spondylitis: a correlation of clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings.

We evaluated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients with longstanding disease and investigated whether there is any relationship between MRI findings and validated methods of disease assessment. A total of 34 AS patients with disease duration greater than 10 years were included in this observational cross-sectional study (26 men, 8 women). The main outcome measures were Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Global assessment (BASG), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI), MRI of the thoracic and lumbar spine (AS spi MRI A) and measurement of serum erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), plasma viscosity (PV) and immunoglobulin A (Ig A). The median scores for the acute lesions based on AS spi MRI A scoring system was 2.5 (0-4.12). The respective mean ESR and CRP were 36 (SD, 24.00) mm/h and 14.19 (SD, 24.00) mg/l with the median PV of 1.8 (1.75-1.87). The median BASG, BASFI and BASDAI were 4.55 (2.37-5.55), 4.40(2.31-5.47) and 4.32 (3.07-6.48), respectively. No significant correlations were found between the acute MRI scores and each of the clinical instruments and laboratory markers of inflammation. In this study, majority of AS patients with longstanding disease had very low AS spi MRI A scores or no evidence of spinal inflammatory lesions. Our study would suggest that MRI should be used along with other measures of disease activity in the assessment of symptomatic AS patients with longstanding disease.

Blood sugar profile in diabetics receiving plain insulin.

Blood sugar profile was studied by checking multiple plasma venous samples at 1/2 hr interval after porcine plain insulin. Mean blood sugar was the highest (198.8 +/- 24.6 mg%) at 1 1/2 hrs and the lowest (86.3 +/- 18.4) at 4 1/2 hrs after breakfast. 52% of the patients had hypoglycemias between 4 and 5 hrs. It is recommended that pre-lunch blood sugar be checked in those receiving plain insulin.

A preliminary report of an out-patient systems study in Sri Lanka.

Out-patient medical clinics in Sri Lanka often have long queues of patients waiting to see a doctor partly due to a shortage of doctors. To apply operational research techniques to optimize the functioning of the clinic, an initial step is to determine the distributional pattern of patient arrival times and the doctors' service times. The results showed that the arrival times of patients were time dependent. However, analysis of half-hourly data of inter-arrival times showed a negative exponential distribution. The doctor's service time varied from doctor to doctor and whether new or follow up patients were being seen. Each of the service times seemed to fit into an Erlangian distribution.