ABSTRACT
The antiviral and interferon-inducing activity of saparal, an adaptogen of plant origin, was studied. Tests in experimental mice demonstrated the interferon-inducing activity of saparal providing its antiviral effect. An optimal scheme of saparal administration was developed. The preparation had no direct inhibitory effect on influenza virus replication. The application of saparal for prophylaxis among workers resulted in a 2-fold or greater decrease of influenza and other ARD morbidity and in an increase of endogenous serum interferon level in 67-75% of the persons examined.
Subject(s)
Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Influenza A virus , Influenza, Human/drug therapy , Interferon Inducers/therapeutic use , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Animals , Cells, Cultured , Chick Embryo , Drug Evaluation , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Humans , Influenza A virus/drug effects , Influenza, Human/blood , Influenza, Human/epidemiology , Influenza, Human/prevention & control , Interferons/blood , Interferons/drug effects , Mice , Russia/epidemiology , SeasonsABSTRACT
In four controlled observations on the organized groups of students and industrial workers during the epidemics of influenza A in 1988-1989 Arbidol, a new chemopreparation, was found to be well tolerated and to produce a pronounced prophylactic effect when administered in a dose of 0.2 g (2 tablets of 0.1 g) daily for 10-18 days. After the 18-day prophylactic course of Arbidol the induction of serum interferon was found.
Subject(s)
Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control , Indoles/therapeutic use , Influenza A virus , Influenza, Human/prevention & control , Interferon Inducers/therapeutic use , Adult , Humans , Russia , Tablets , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Acute diseases of the respiratory organs rank first among temporary invalidity causes (30.5%). For the first time workers of a health center of an industrial enterprise were protected from influenza and ARVI during an epidemic outbreak of influenza A by specific and nonspecific protection means with due consideration for the subject's health status and will. Comprehensive differentiated protection from influenza and ARVI proved highly effective, its index reaching 2.5 and the invalidity periods being shorter by 2.4-4 days.
Subject(s)
Influenza A virus , Influenza, Human/prevention & control , Medical Staff , Occupational Diseases/prevention & control , Respiratory Tract Infections/prevention & control , Acute Disease , Adult , Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control , Health Status , Humans , Middle Aged , Russia , SeasonsABSTRACT
In the summer of 1986 the epidemic, whose etiological agents were influenza viruses A (H1N1) and respiratory syncytial virus, was registered among the population of Novoshakhtinsk. In a number of mines 15.3-16.7% of the employees were affected. Influenza viruses A (H1N1) proved to be closely related in their antigenic and biological properties to viruses isolated in the USSR in March-June 1986, as well as to viruses A (H1N1), the etiological agents of the epidemic which developed in the USSR in October-December 1986.
Subject(s)
Disease Outbreaks/statistics & numerical data , Influenza A virus , Influenza, Human/epidemiology , Respiratory Syncytial Viruses , Respirovirus Infections/epidemiology , Seasons , Urban Population/statistics & numerical data , Acute Disease , Age Factors , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Humans , Incidence , Influenza A virus/immunology , Influenza A virus/isolation & purification , Influenza, Human/diagnosis , Influenza, Human/microbiology , Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/immunology , Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/isolation & purification , Respirovirus Infections/diagnosis , Respirovirus Infections/microbiology , Russia/epidemiology , Seroepidemiologic StudiesSubject(s)
Disease Outbreaks , Influenza, Human/prevention & control , Interferon Type I/administration & dosage , Respiratory Tract Infections/prevention & control , Acute Disease , Child , Child Day Care Centers , Child, Preschool , Emergencies , Humans , Infant , Influenza A virus , Influenza, Human/epidemiology , Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology , Russia/epidemiologySubject(s)
Influenza, Human/parasitology , Prodigiozan/therapeutic use , Respiratory Tract Infections/prevention & control , Acute Disease , Administration, Intranasal , Adolescent , Child , Drug Evaluation , Humans , Prodigiozan/administration & dosage , Prodigiozan/adverse effects , Recurrence , Russia , Seasons , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The work presents the data obtained in analysis of the epidemic situation among the population of Omsk in January-February 1985 and the characterization of the isolated strains of influenza A (H3N2) virus, determines the specific features of the course of the influenza epidemic process among different social and age groups, evaluates anti-influenza measures.
Subject(s)
Disease Outbreaks , Influenza, Human/epidemiology , Urban Population , Age Factors , Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control , Humans , Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype , Influenza A virus/isolation & purification , Influenza Vaccines/immunology , Influenza, Human/microbiology , Influenza, Human/prevention & control , Seasons , Siberia , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
The time course of population immunity to influenza viruses A and B in different social and age groups among the inhabitants of Severodvinsk before and after the introduction of the complex system of influenza control has been studied. The influence of mass vaccinal prophylaxis and natural influenza morbidity on population immunity among the inhabitants of the city is shown.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Viral/analysis , Influenza A virus/immunology , Influenza, Human/prevention & control , Orthomyxoviridae/immunology , Urban Population , Adolescent , Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/analysis , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Immunity , Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage , Influenza, Human/immunology , Russia , SeasonsABSTRACT
A decrease in mortality among the population, and primarily in mortality caused by the diseases of the respiratory tract, has been achieved in one of the northern cities of the USSR owing to a complex of prophylactic and antiepidemic measures, including the use of live inactivated vaccines, remantadin and other anti-influenza remedies, carried out on a city scale. This fact indicates that such measures have proved to be necessary and effective.
Subject(s)
Influenza, Human/prevention & control , Urban Population , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage , Influenza, Human/mortality , Middle Aged , Mortality , USSR , Vaccines, Attenuated/administration & dosageABSTRACT
A complex differentiated system of influenza control, based on scientific principles, was introduced into practice during 1976-1980 in Severodvinsk. The main component of this system was the mass prophylactic immunization of the population of the city, including children and elderly persons, with live and inactivated vaccines manufactured in the USSR. At the period of influenza epidemics remantadin was used for the urgent prophylaxis and treatment of influenza. As a result, influenza morbidity in Severodvinsk was reduced 1.5-2 times in comparison with that in the neighboring control cities. The cases of pneumonia and bronchitis, the most severe postinfluenza complications, decreased in number 1.8 and 1.4 times, respectively. The proportion of influenza A in the structure of acute respiratory diseases decreased by one-half. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the prophylactic and therapeutic measures carried out in the city.
Subject(s)
Influenza, Human/prevention & control , Urban Population , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Humans , Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage , Influenza, Human/complications , Influenza, Human/epidemiology , Russia , Vaccines, Attenuated/administration & dosageABSTRACT
Paired sera from 600 persons immunized with live or inactivated influenza vaccines have been studied in the hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) and influenza virus elution inhibition (EI) tests. The possibility of using, in principle, the EI test for the evaluation of the immunogenicity of the vaccine has been shown. The time course of antibody formation has been found to correlate with both hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of influenza virus. To evaluate the immunogenicity of influenza vaccines with greater precision, taking into account not only seroconversions routinely revealed in the HAI test, but also seroconversions registered only in the EI test is recommended.
Subject(s)
Hemagglutinins, Viral/immunology , Influenza Vaccines/immunology , Neuraminidase/immunology , Administration, Intranasal , Administration, Oral , Adolescent , Antibodies, Viral/analysis , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Immunization , Influenza A virus/immunology , Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage , Vaccines, Attenuated/immunologyABSTRACT
Materials on the etiological structure of acute respiratory diseases (ARD) and the spread of respiratory virus infection among the population of the city under the conditions of mass vaccinal prophylaxis and chemoprophylaxis are presented. These materials indicate that the proportion of influenza A virus in the etiological structure of ARD decreased by half as the result of introducing the complex system of influenza control in the city. The proportion of other causative agents of ARD before and after introducing the complex system of influenza control irregularly varied among different age groups of the population without statistical significance. The indices characterizing the spread of influenza A virus infection among the population of the whole city were found to be significantly decreased during the second period of observation.
Subject(s)
Influenza, Human/prevention & control , Respiratory Tract Infections/etiology , Urban Population , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Disease Outbreaks/epidemiology , Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control , Humans , Influenza, Human/epidemiology , Influenza, Human/immunology , Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology , Respiratory Tract Infections/immunology , RussiaABSTRACT
The complex system of influenza control was introduced into practice at the public health institutions of Severodvinsk in 1976-1980. The effectiveness of the urgent prophylaxis and early treatment of influenza with remantadin, one of the most important elements of this system, was evaluated. The use of remantadin for the early and preventive treatment (urgent prophylaxis) of influenza among the population of the city decreased influenza morbidity 1.7-1.85 times, reduced the duration of the main clinical symptoms of the disease and sick leaves, the frequency of post-influenza complications, as well as the number of visitations of the sick by physicians.