ABSTRACT
Bacterial colonization is investigated: before eruption, in primary dentition, mixed dentition and permanent dentition, with and without gingival inflammation. Microorganisms such as spirochetes and Black pigmented Bacteroides are implicated in the periodontal disease. These germs arrive later than teeth and their importance grows with age and gingival inflammation. Different reviews have emphasised the potential role of specific pathogens in the aetiology of periodontitis. The plaque composition of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis and periodontitis in their pre and post pubertal forms, localized and generalized is investigated. A actinomycetemcomitans, B. intermedius and spirochetes can be isolated from children having destructive periodontal disease. Changes in flora can then be explained.
Subject(s)
Dental Plaque/microbiology , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Dentition, Mixed , Gingivitis, Necrotizing Ulcerative/microbiology , Humans , Periodontitis/microbiology , Tooth, Deciduous/microbiologyABSTRACT
The incidence of Juvenile Periodontitis was studied in 1600 patients residing in Ille et Vilaine, France. The diagnosis was established by the use of panoramic radiography on orthodontic patients. Among this population of patients only 3 cases of Juvenile Periodontitis were found. This incidence of 0.187% is similar to that found in other industrialized countries.
Subject(s)
Aggressive Periodontitis/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Aggressive Periodontitis/diagnostic imaging , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , France/epidemiology , Humans , Male , Prevalence , Radiography, PanoramicABSTRACT
The immune response is now proved to be of great importance in the control of periodontal diseases. The predominant role of T lymphocytes in the mechanisms of specific immunity is admitted and is related to the functions of effectors T cells and T-helper cells, controlling the response of macrophages and the antibody production. The relations between the evolution of the disease and the tissular T/B and T4/T8 ratio and the lymphocyte function tests are discussed.
Subject(s)
Periodontal Diseases/immunology , T-Lymphocytes/immunology , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology , Humans , T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology , T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology , T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunologyABSTRACT
Polymorphonuclear leucocytes play an important role in the defense mechanisms and destruction of periodontal tissues. The leucocytes number and activity were compared during an induced periodontitis in 3 Cercopithecus cephus. On day 0, the 3 animals presented a localized marginal gingivitis. On 2 animals a severe marginal periodontitis was induced unilaterally: 42 days later leucocytes were sampled in the peripheral blood, in the gingival blood and in the gingival sulcus on the experimental and control sites as well as on the 2 hemijaws of the control animal. For each sample, a leucocyte count and a chemiluminescence test were done. Different results related to the disease severity were obtained with these tests for gingival blood and sulcular fluid.
Subject(s)
Gingivitis/physiopathology , Neutrophils/physiology , Periodontitis/physiopathology , Animals , Cercopithecus , Gingiva/pathology , Gingival Crevicular Fluid , Gingivitis/pathology , Leukocyte Count , Luminescent Measurements , Neutrophils/pathology , Periodontitis/blood , Periodontitis/pathologyABSTRACT
Measurement of chemiluminescence (CL) produced by phagocytic cells spontaneously or upon stimulation by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) was performed in patients with gingivitis and adult periodontitis, and in control healthy subjects. The study was performed simultaneously on phagocytic cells obtained from peripheral blood and from gingival blood, and on crevicular leukocytes. An elevated CL production was obtained in quiescent and PMA-stimulated phagocytic cells from peripheral blood in patients with gingivitis or periodontitis compared to non-diseased controls. Chemiluminescence produced by unstimulated crevicular phagocytes was similar to that of peripheral blood phagocytes in normal subjects, but it was decreased in periodontitis. Upon PMA stimulation, the CL response of crevicular phagocytes remained low in the three groups of subjects.
Subject(s)
Gingivitis/blood , Luminescent Measurements , Periodontitis/blood , Phagocytes/physiology , Adult , Humans , Phagocytes/drug effects , Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacologyABSTRACT
A global analysis method (the factorial analysis of correspondances) was applied to a study of oral hygiene. This first trial showed that this method of analysis is valid in this field confirming the relationship "absence of hygiene"--"periodontal disease" and the antogonism between the presence of caries and periodontal diseases in young subjects on military duty.
