Pseudodesulfovibrio thermohalotolerans sp. nov., a novel obligately anaerobic, halotolerant, thermotolerant, and sulfate-reducing bacterium isolated from a western offshore hydrocarbon reservoir in India.

OBJECTIVE: Characterization and documentation of strain MCM B-1480T, a novel sulfate-reducing bacterium isolated from produced water of India's western offshore hydrocarbon reservoir. METHOD: Strain MCM B-1480T was unequivocally identified using a polyphasic approach routinely followed in bacterial systematics. The morphological and biochemical characterization of strain MCM B-1480T was carried out using standard microbiological techniques. RESULTS: MCM B-1480T was a Gram-stain-negative, motile, non-spore-forming, curved-rod-shaped bacterium. MCM B-1480T could grow at temperatures between 20 and 60 °C (optimum 37 °C), pH 6-8 (optimum 7), and required 1-6% NaCl (optimum 3%) for growth. Strain MCM B-1480T was reducing sulfate to produce hydrogen sulfide during growth. This strain used lactate and pyruvate as prominent electron donors, whereas sulfate, sulfite, thiosulfate, and nitrate served as electron acceptors. MCM B-1480T shared maximum 16S rRNA gene sequence homology of 98.65% with the members of the genus Pseudodesulfovibrio. The G + C content of the 3.87 Mb MCM B-1480T genome was 60.39%. Digital DDH (27.7%) and average nucleotide identity (ANI 84%) with the closest phylogenetic affiliate (less than 70% and 95%, respectively) reaffirmed its distinctiveness. The major cellular fatty acids components, namely iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, C16:0, and anteiso-C17:0, differentiated strain MCM B-1480T from other species of Pseudodesulfovibrio. Genome annotation revealed the presence of genes encoding dissimilatory sulfate reduction and nitrate reduction in strain MCM B-1480T. CONCLUSION: The polyphasic studies, including SSU rRNA gene sequencing, average nucleotide identity, Digital DNA-DNA hybridization, cell wall fatty acids analysis, etc., identified strain MCM B-1480T as a novel taxon and Pseudodesulfovibrio thermohalotolerans sp. nov. was proposed (= JCM 39269T = MCC 4711T).

Intriguing Interaction of Bacteriophage-Host Association: An Understanding in the Era of Omics.

Innovations in next-generation sequencing technology have introduced new avenues in microbial studies through "omics" approaches. This technology has considerably augmented the knowledge of the microbial world without isolation prior to their identification. With an enormous volume of bacterial "omics" data, considerable attempts have been recently invested to improve an insight into virosphere. The interplay between bacteriophages and their host has created a significant influence on the biogeochemical cycles, microbial diversity, and bacterial population regulation. This review highlights various concepts such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics to infer the phylogenetic affiliation and function of bacteriophages and their impact on diverse microbial communities. Omics technologies illuminate the role of bacteriophage in an environment, the influences of phage proteins on the bacterial host and provide information about the genes important for interaction with bacteria. These investigations will reveal some of bio-molecules and biomarkers of the novel phage which demand to be unveiled.