From Likes to Saving Lives: Embracing Social Media's Power to Connect, Learn, and Innovate in Medical Education Delivery.

Social media have become an integral part of human life, because the manner in which we communicate, share information, and network with the external world is changing significantly. The purpose of the current review is to explore the role of social media in transforming medical education, identify the merits and the potential concerns, and propose effective strategies to overcome the identified challenges. Social media have significant potential in strengthening the delivery of medical education and meeting the scenarios emerging out of changing dynamics. The most important aspect of social media is that they have global reach and wide accessibility, and promotes active engagement of students. Similar to any other teaching-learning method, even the use of social media has its own limitations-cum-concerns. We must come out with potential solutions to each one of these problems so that overall acceptance and utilization of social media applications can be optimized. In conclusion, social media in medical education have immense potential to revolutionize learning and provide a platform for collaborative learning and networking. The need of the hour is to do systematic planning, train stakeholders, and establish guidelines for promoting effective engagement while using social media, and thereby keeping pace with the rapidly evolving healthcare landscape.

Mechanical Hatching as a Therapeutic Intervention for Improving Implantation Rate in a 32-Year-Old Female With Recurrent Implantation Failures: A Case Report.

This case report explores the application of mechanical hatching as a successful intervention in the treatment of primary infertility for a couple with a consanguineous marriage history and recurrent implantation failure. A 32-year-old female patient and her 37-year-old spouse, after six years of unsuccessful attempts to conceive, underwent multiple intrauterine insemination (IUI) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer (ET) cycles without success. Normal parameters were observed in semen analysis and hormone tests for the male and female partners, respectively. Despite a series of failed assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedures, the implementation of mechanical hatching using partial zona dissection (PZD) pipettes led to a positive pregnancy outcome. The case underscores the potential efficacy of individualized approaches, specifically mechanical hatching, in addressing challenges associated with implantation failure, offering hope to couples facing infertility issues.

A Comprehensive Approach to Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Case Report of Successful Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Treatment Utilizing the Short Antagonist Protocol and Hatching.

The 29-year-old participant in the case study has been grappling with infertility for the last six years. Following an assessment of her symptoms, hormone profile, and ultrasound results, she received a diagnosis of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). PCOS is a multifaceted endocrine and metabolic disorder characterized by symptoms such as obesity, insulin resistance, anovulation, and polycystic ovaries. Various factors, including heredity, intestinal dysbiosis, obesity, environmental pollutants, lifestyle choices, and neuroendocrine abnormalities, contribute to the susceptibility of women to PCOS. In planning polycystic ovarian stimulation, it is crucial to consider parameters such as antral follicle count (AFC), luteinizing hormone (LH), and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH). Careful planning of the gonadotrophin dose is essential to achieve an optimal response during a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (GnRH-ant) cycle. In our case, the brief antagonist protocol was used, resulting in a favorable outcome with minimal risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). Despite multiple unsuccessful attempts at natural conception, the patient successfully conceived with the help of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), leading to a positive pregnancy outcome. In addition to incorporating mechanical hatching to promote implantation, we diligently selected the most beneficial medications for the patient.

Association Between Foramen Rotundum and Trigeminal Neuralgia in the Saudi Population: A Radiological Study.

The trigeminal nerve is responsible for transmitting sensory information from the face, nasal and mouth cavities, and most of the scalp. Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a chronic facial pain disorder characterized by spontaneous paroxysmal pain throughout the distribution of the trigeminal nerve. This study investigated the morphological and morphometric variations of the foramen rotundum (FR) and its association with TN through a retrospective radiological analysis. A cohort of 97 participants from King Fahad University Hospital, Saudi Arabia, comprising 57 TN patients and 40 controls, underwent head CT scans for measurement and analysis. The study revealed significant differences in the FR morphology between TN patients and controls, particularly noting narrower FR measurements among TN individuals, especially in females. The right side demonstrated narrower FR dimensions, potentially correlating with the predominant side of pain in TN patients. While the presence of bony spurs was absent in all participants, variations in FR shape, size, and spatial positioning were observed and compared across genders and groups. These findings provide crucial insights into the potential anatomical factors contributing to TN, emphasizing the importance of understanding FR variations in clinical assessment and management of TN cases. Further research focusing on FR morphology and its clinical implications is recommended to enhance understanding and aid medical professionals in addressing TN-related concerns.

Employment of Small-Group Discussions to Ensure the Effective Delivery of Medical Education.

The changing landscape of medical education has made small-group discussions crucial components. These sessions, including problem-based learning (PBL), case-based learning (CBL), and team-based learning (TBL), revolutionize learning by fostering active participation, critical thinking, and practical skills application. They bridge theory with practice, preparing future healthcare professionals for the dynamic challenges of modern healthcare. Despite their transformative potential, there are challenges in faculty preparation, resource allocation, and effective evaluation. The best practices include aligning discussions with curriculum goals, skilled facilitation, promoting active participation, and robust assessment strategies. Looking ahead, adapting to emerging health trends, ongoing research, and evolving healthcare demands will ensure the continued relevance and effectiveness of small-group discussions, shaping competent and adaptable healthcare providers equipped for the ever-evolving healthcare landscape.

Morphometric Parameters of the Ear and Their Sexual Dimorphism in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.

Background The human ear is a distinctive facial feature, revealing valuable information about ethnicity, gender, and age. Anthropometric measures play a crucial role in fields such as forensic medicine, prosthetics, and plastic surgery. The external ear, known for its diversity in structure and individual characteristics, has become a subject of interest in various populations. This study aims to determine the mean values of morphometric measurements for both right and left ears while exploring sexual dimorphism in ear dimensions. Methodology A prospective, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 volunteers from the eastern province of Saudi Arabia, comprising 98 males and 102 females, at the Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University. Participants were randomly selected from King Fahad University Hospital workers and patients. Using a Vernier caliper and after obtaining consent, various aspects of ear morphology were measured. The study employed statistical analyses such as the volunteers' t-test, Pearson's coefficient of correlation, and linear regression equations. Results In males, the mean total height of the right and left ears was 6.054 ± 0.5394 and 6.044 ± 0.5235 cm, respectively, while for females, it was 5.489 ± 0.4481 and 5.763 ± 4.8446 cm, respectively. The mean widths, heights, and other dimensions of the ears exhibited variations between genders. Conclusions The study provides comprehensive insights into the dimensions and indices of the pinna among the population of the eastern province of Saudi Arabia. The findings confirmed the presence of sexual dimorphism in the ear measurements, consistent with observations in other ethnic groups.

The Potential of Theophylline and Pentoxifylline in Sperm Optimization and Its Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Outcomes.

Sperm motility is an essential selection criteria by embryologists at the time of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). One method of testing sperm viability is to induce sperm motility by increasing cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels by treating a semen sample with phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDEIs), such as theophylline and pentoxifylline. It explores the implications of PDEI in medical care, reflecting on its effects in clinical settings and recognizing potential topics for future exploration. This analysis revealed that by incorporating stimulants that activate movements, the time it took to single out sperms was markedly reduced, and consequently, the sperms were safeguarded from a prolonged period of oxidative stress. Furthermore, theophylline was found to advance sperm motility, consequently resulting in several initially immobile spermatozoa displaying rapid progressive motility. Higher fertilization rate, cleavage rate, good quality embryos (grade I), and higher biochemical and clinical pregnancy rates were found with artificial sperm activation (ASA) using pentoxifylline and theophylline. This review emphasizes the need for more research to evaluate the drug's long-term safety and investigate the effects of theophylline and pentoxifylline on postfertilization parameters, such as embryo development, implantation, and pregnancy outcomes. These areas of investigation are important for understanding the complete impact of these agents and to ensure their safe and effective implementation in clinical practice.

Flipped Classrooms in Medical Education: Improving Learning Outcomes and Engaging Students in Critical Thinking Skills.

The flipped classroom (FC) model involves students independently acquiring knowledge before in-person class sessions, during which they engage in active discussions and problem-solving. Various methods to implement FC are quizzes, e-content, case-based learning, problem-based learning, and reading assignments. The advantages of the FC approach included improved student preparation, active participation, and the promotion of critical thinking skills. Some disadvantages identified are technical problems like internet connection, improper planning and preparation, which increases teacher workload, and lack of self-motivation. This review underscores the potential of the FC approach to improve medical education by promoting independent learning, active participation, and deeper understanding. Consideration of factors such as curriculum design, faculty development, technological infrastructure, and student readiness is vital for successfully implementing the FC model. Balancing self-directed study with meaningful face-to-face interactions remains crucial to harnessing the full benefits of this innovative approach. By leveraging technology and student-centered methods, medical educators can create an enriched learning experience that positively influences future healthcare professionals.

Laser-Guided Sperm Selection: Optimizing the Reproductive Success Rate in Assisted Reproductive Technology.

Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) enable these patient's spermatozoa to fertilize the oocyte and create viable and healthy offspring, but the effectiveness of the various procedures still has room to increase. In the field of assisted reproductive technology, the need to improve fertility results has led to the development of novel sperm selection strategies. Laser-assisted selection of immotile sperm (LAISS) appears to be a promising strategy, harnessing the power of modern optical instruments to better the selection process and, ultimately, maximize the probability of successful fertilization. This technology takes advantage of sperm cells' distinctive features, such as shape, form, and motility patterns, that can be sensitively changed by laser forces. Using precision laser manipulation, spermatozoa with desirable features can be precisely targeted, improving the overall quality and viability of the sperm population. The existence of an elevated percentage of DNA-damaged sperm in a patient's ejaculation may be one of the key factors decreasing ART outcomes. As a result, one of the most difficult tasks in reproductive medicine is ensuring the best quality of spermatozoa utilized in ART, particularly with regard to genetic integrity. The most recent approaches for preparing and selecting human spermatozoa by LAISS techniques are covered here, with an emphasis on those that have been shown to improve.

A Review of Amelioration of Awareness About Blood Donation Through Various Effective and Practical Strategies.

Blood donations play a crucial role in medical care; however, the global shortage of donors remains and has a serious impact on medical interventions. The challenges involved include the lack of public awareness of the importance of blood donation, the lack of understanding of the process and eligibility criteria for blood donation, and the lack of comprehensive strategies aimed at raising awareness and participation among potential donors, with particular emphasis on the involvement of young people. It is essential to recognize that blood donation delivers significant benefits to donors and recipients, improves overall health, and ultimately saves lives. Various initiatives, such as blood donation camps, dynamic social media campaigns, and strategic networking of medical professionals, have proved effective in promoting blood donation. In particular, in the event of an emergency, the availability of sufficient blood supplies is increasingly essential, underlining the urgent need to establish and maintain a sustainable blood donor network. An in-depth understanding of the motivation and conservation of donors is crucial in this context, as it is known that demographic factors significantly impact the frequency of blood donation. In addition, ethical and legal considerations require careful attention, highlighting the essential role of obtaining informed consent and ensuring the confidentiality of donors throughout the process. As we look ahead to the evolving landscape, it presents a series of formidable challenges. These challenges encompass the critical necessity to broaden and diversify our donor base, thereby extending and varying our sources of financial support for specific initiatives, organizations, or projects. Moreover, we must proactively harness the opportunities presented by emerging technologies and commit ourselves to closing the information gaps within the existing public knowledge sphere. In summary, the review emphasizes the paramount importance of ongoing efforts to strengthen and enrich donors' engagement through customized strategies and educational outreach.

Managing Diabetes Mellitus With Millets: A New Solution.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, and the disease's prevalence is increasing with each passing day. DM can be prevented and controlled with modifications to the diet, especially by incorporating millet in the diet. Throughout history, eating habits have been recognized for their significant contribution to promoting health and wellness by eating foods rich in nutrients. Millet is an underutilized food crop with many benefits for health, with the most beneficial being low glycemic index, high fiber content, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), non-acid-forming potential, and gluten-free. In addition to staple food crops, such as wheat, rice, and foxtail millet, millets are still highly nutritious and beneficial and have great potential to help the world combat the food insecurity many countries face today. Millets are in the top positions of recommended dietary charts with their numerous health benefits and antioxidant properties.

The Role of Basal Ganglia and Its Neuronal Connections in the Development of Stuttering: A Review Article.

Dysfluent speech has the potential to lower one's standard of living drastically. Although there is a lot of theoretical support for basal ganglia dysfunction in developmental stuttering, there isn't any imaging data to back it up. According to several studies, there is a difference in gray matter volume between people who stammer and those who don't. According to studies, the right inferior longitudinal fasciculus and the uncinate fasciculus have higher fractional anisotropy (FA) than fluent controls. A high fractional anisotropy means good white matter integrity in these areas. In children who stutter, grey matter volume was higher in the Rolandic operculum, middle frontal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, and inferior parietal lobule. These regions are found to be more active in adults who stammer as their speech fluency improves. Stuttering is previously linked to structural deficiencies in the corpus callosum. However, there are differences in the directionality of the findings between studies, which are unknown. According to current theories, stuttering is caused by a breakdown in the integration of auditory data in speech motor planning, which affects behavior tasks that rely on basal ganglia structures. According to some studies, connectivity in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and basal ganglia of persons with stuttering (PWS) was significantly reduced. Still, it was more robust in the left supplementary motor cortex (SMC) and premotor cortex (PMC) (primary motor cortex). In the Broca's region, there was also decreased perfusion and spectroscopic indicators of neuronal density. Spontaneous speech is more affected by stuttering than conversation, reading, sentence repetition, or singing. As per the dual process theory of language formation, the basal ganglia are essential for formulaic phrases, but the left hemisphere is important for innovative, freshly constructed sentences. According to current theories on their functional traits and connections to cortical areas of control, the basal ganglia are the complex networks in charge of organizing, initiating, carrying out, and controlling motor behaviors.  Given the distinct neuroanatomical characteristics of people who stutter, more research into this cohort is required to further our understanding of the illness. The primary goal of this review article is to fill in any knowledge voids between the neuroanatomical structure of the basal ganglia and the onset of stuttering.

Causes of Infertility: Diagnosis and Management With Microfluidic Sperm Sorter.

This case study refers to a three-and-a-half-year married couple who visited an infertility clinic and are facing infertility for two-and-a-half years. They started in vitro fertilization/assisted reproduction technology (IVF/ART) procedures from December 2021. In 2019, the couple underwent infertility therapy in Wardha, India, including three intra-uterine insemination (IUI) treatments which failed. The couple was then recommended the intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) procedure in which the semen sample was separated using a microfluidic sperm sorter for separating good quality sperms. There was no past medical history of both of the partners. Since she was infertile, the desire to have a child was extremely strong. Sadness, helplessness, bewilderment, and frustration are all common feelings associated with infertility. The left fallopian tube delays spillage in females and oligoasthenozoospermia in males; women were detected with secondary infertility and male sperm samples were sorted using a microfluidic sperm sorter and fertilized frozen oocytes for ICSI. As the male partner, in this case, had oligoasthenozoospermia, he was prescribed multivitamins and other medications. After ICSI, the blastocyst formation was good with the use of a microfluidic sperm sorter.

MTHFR Gene-Polymorphism and Infertile Men in Indian Population: A Systematic Literature Review.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genetic makeup of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR C677-T, A1298-C, and G1793-A) alongside environmental and lifestyle component has shown some links as a potential factor responsible for male infertility across the globe posing huge genetic vulnerability to the gender. However, SNPs in the MTHFR gene implicated in male infertility are not without their own controversial results even within the same population. The goal of this study was to provide comprehensive insights into the controversial nature of MTHFR gene polymorphism on male infertility across all Indian populations as well as other ethnicities. The electronic PubMed database was utilized to conduct and select eligible studies for this systematic review (update to December 2021). Only high-quality studies with a link between MTHFR polymorphisms and male infertility were included based on our exclusion and inclusion criteria. The connection between the MTHFR gene polymorphism and male infertility in Indian population studies was evaluated using odds ratios (ORs) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). A total of five studies presenting 1,237 cases and 1,044 controls were assessed for this study. The collective results revealed that MTHFR C667-T and A1298-C gene polymorphism were significantly linked with an increased chance of male infertility both in south India and north India, however, with some conflicting results. Interestingly, no study has been carried out to investigate the impact of G1793-A polymorphism on infertile males in the Indian population at the time of our report. Results generated from the few case-control evaluated on MTHFR gene polymorphism in the Indian population are found to conflict with some extrinsic factors (such as nutritional status-folate metabolism, lifestyle, varying recruitment procedures, and epigenetic elements) identified to have played some critical roles. Therefore, broader studies across all regions in India addressing the grave impact of MTHFR gene polymorphism on male infertility are of utmost importance.