[Determining the levels of selected pesticides, nitrates, nitrites, ammonium ions, sulfates, chlorides and urea in surface and underground waters. VII]. / Oznaczanie wybranych pestycydów, azotanów, azotynów, jonów amonowych, siarczanów, chlorków i mocznika w wodach powierzchniowych i podziemnych. Cz. VII.

The subjects of the study was determination of the residues of pesticides: lindane, metoxychlor and chlorphenvinphos, nitrates, nitrites, ammonium ions, sulphates, chlorides and urea in surface waters and underground waters in the southeastern part of the Province of Szczecin in 1983-1988. The certain pesticides and urea in none of determined samples of waters were present. The concentrations of nitrates, ammonium and chlorides below the permitted value have been. Nitrites in surface waters and in underground waters in 48 per cent and 82 percent of the samples have been respectively.

[Determination of certain pesticides, nitrates, nitrites, ammonium ions, sulphates, urea and chlorides in surface and underground water and in certain agricultural products. VI]. / Oznaczanie wybranych pestycydów, azotanów, azotynów, jonów amonowych, siarczanów, mocznika i chlorków w wodach powierzchniowych i podziemnych. Cz. VI.

The subject of this study was determination of the residue of pesticides (lindane, methoxychlor, and chlorfenvinphos) nitrates, ammonium ions, sulphates and urea in surface waters and underground waters and in potatoes in 11 localities in the eastern part of the Province of Szczecin in 1987. The pesticides were determined by gas chromatography, while nitrates, nitrites, ammonium ions, sulphates and urea by spectrophotometry, chloride--by precipitation. The obtained results showed that contamination of surface and underground waters with these pesticides was below the permitted value. The concentration of nitrate nitrogen exceeded the permitted in Poland level in 15% of underground water samples. These samples were taken from wells in private farms. Nitrites were demonstrated in all of the samples of surface waters and 78% of underground water samples. The highest concentration of nitrite nitrogen was in the well of a private farm. The concentration of ammonium nitrogen exceeded in 22% of underground water samples the permitted value. Sulphates were detected in all water samples, but their concentrations were not exceeding the permitted level. In none of the analysed potato samples these pesticides were demonstrated. On the other hand high levels of nitrates and nitrites were found.

[Various biochemical mechanisms of alcoholic liver cirrhosis]. / Niektóre biochemiczne mechanizmy alkoholowej marskosci watroby.

The authors describe the correlations between chronic alcoholism and cirrhosis known not only from clinical observations but also from retrospective assessment of liver biopsy. However, the mechanism of hepatocellular injury by ethanol remains still unclear. It seems that three hypotheses prevail presently: 1) acetaldehyde which is a product of ethanol oxidation in the liver forms with certain biogenic amines alkaloids of the type of salsolinol causing cirrhosis, 2) ethanol or/and acetaldehyde catalyse the development of free radicals which may induce liver damage through lipid peroxides etc, 3) acetaldehyde formed during ethanol oxidation is released into blood or tissue fluids where it binds to albumins with formation of cytotoxic complexes leading to cirrhosis.