Treatment-refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the prostate: A case report and review of the literature.

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the prostate is uncommon. Prostate specific antigen and transrectal ultrasound do not aid in diagnosis. Survival and treatment options are ultimately based on immune-histologic subtype and stage. Lower urinary tract symptoms attributed to lymphoma of the prostate can be refractory to systemic treatments as well as transurethral resection. This case provides the first description of the longitudinal clinical course of treatment-refractory localized Non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the prostate.

The vaginal distention model in mice is not a reliable model of simulated birth trauma-induced stress urinary incontinence.

AIMS: Vaginal distention (VD) is a validated model of birth-related trauma in rats. Recently a mouse VD model was reported. Our study was originally conducted to evaluate the impact of age on VD in mice. This manuscript describes the study and reports on the lack of reproducibility of VD models in mice. METHODS: We utilized female C57BL/6 mice. A total of 190, 12-weeks old mice, were randomized into VD and sham groups. We inflated a modified Foley's balloon with 0.3 mL for 1 h inside the mice vagina. Afterwards, we measured the leak point pressure (LPP) at defined timepoints (0, 4, 10, 20, or 40 days). We randomized another 190, 40-week old, C57BL/6 mice into either VD or sham groups. We used an extra 20 mice as age - matched controls. RESULTS: In both 12 and 40 weeks-old mice, LPP was significantly decreased versus the negative controls at day 0. Additionally, in both 12 and 40 weeks-old mice, the decrease in LPP was significantly higher in the VD group compared to the sham group at day 0. However, the LPP results were comparable between VD and sham at any other time point thereafter. Furthermore, there was no significant change in LPP values between instrumented (VD and sham) mice and control mice at any time after day 0. CONCLUSIONS: The VD models previously described is not a reproducible model for the study of VD with large number of mice. Our results, unfortunately, do not support its use to study VD injury in mice.

Network-based approaches for extending the Wnt signalling pathway and identifying context-specific sub-networks.

Wnt signalling is a critically important signalling pathway regulating embryogenesis and differentiation, and is broadly conserved amongst multicellular animals. In addition, dysregulation of Wnt signalling contributes to the pathogenesis of many human cancers, in particular colorectal cancer. Core members of the Wnt signalling pathway are quite well defined, although it has become apparent that a much broader network of interacting proteins regulates Wnt signalling activity. The goal of this paper is first to identify novel members of the Wnt regulatory network; and second, to identify sub-networks of the larger Wnt signalling network that are active in different biological contexts. We address these two questions using complementary computational approaches and show how these approaches may identify potentially novel Wnt signalling proteins as well as defining Wnt sub-networks active in different stages of colorectal cancer.