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1.
Arch Ophthalmol ; 130(8): 1000-6, 2012 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22491394

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To report late reactivation and progression of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) after intravitreal bevacizumab monotherapy. METHODS: Retrospective review of 9 patients (17 eyes) with recurrence of ROP after initial treatment with intravitreal bevacizumab monotherapy. Data collected included (1) location and stage of ROP activity, (2) number and timing of treatments, and (3) structural outcomes. RESULTS: Mean age at treatment-requiring recurrence was 49.3 weeks (SD, 9.1 weeks; minimum, 37 weeks; maximum, 69 weeks) postmenstrual age (PMA). The mean time between initial treatment and treatment-requiring recurrence was 14.4 weeks, with a minimum of 4 and maximum of 35 weeks. Fives eyes progressed to retinal detachment (4 eyes stage 5, 1 eye stage 4a). Age at retinal detachment ranged from 49 to 69 weeks PMA with a median of 55 weeks PMA and mean of 58.4 weeks PMA. No eye that received laser treatment for recurrence progressed to retinal detachment. CONCLUSIONS: Although intravitreal bevacizumab treatment is effective in inducing regression of ROP, the effect may be transient. Recurrence can occur later in the course than with conventional laser therapy. Late retinal detachment can occur despite early regression. Longterm favorable structural outcome may require extended observation and retreatment. Laser may be a useful treatment for recurrences.


Subject(s)
Angiogenesis Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/administration & dosage , Retinopathy of Prematurity/diagnosis , Retinopathy of Prematurity/drug therapy , Adolescent , Bevacizumab , Child , Disease Progression , Fluorescein Angiography , Gestational Age , Humans , Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight , Infant, Newborn , Intravitreal Injections , Laser Coagulation , Recurrence , Retinal Detachment/diagnosis , Retinal Detachment/physiopathology , Retinal Detachment/surgery , Retinal Vessels/pathology , Retinopathy of Prematurity/physiopathology , Retinopathy of Prematurity/surgery , Retrospective Studies , Time Factors , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/antagonists & inhibitors , Visual Acuity/physiology
3.
Ophthalmology ; 117(12): 2402-6, 2010 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20619898

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To report the first case of prophylactic laser treatment to prevent blindness in a patient who was diagnosed with Norrie's disease by genetic testing with amniocentesis. DESIGN: Case report. PARTICIPANTS: A 2-year-old white boy with Norrie's disease. METHODS: A 37-week gestational age male with a family history of Norrie's disease was born via Cesarean section after the mother had undergone prenatal amniocentesis fetal-genetic testing at 23 weeks of gestation. A C520T (nonsense) mutation was found in the Norrie's disease gene. After examination under anesthesia confirmed the diagnosis on the first day of life, laser photocoagulation was applied to the avascular retina bilaterally. The patient was followed closely by ophthalmology, pediatrics, and occupational therapy departments. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Functional outcome, as documented by Teller visual acuity and formal occupational therapy testing, and anatomic outcome, as documented by Retcam photography and fluorescein angiography. RESULTS: Complete regression of extraretinal fibrovascular proliferation was observed 1 month after laser treatment. No retinal detachment had occurred to date at 24 months. Teller visual acuity at 23 months of life was 20/100 in both eyes. The patient's vision and developmental milestones were age appropriate. CONCLUSIONS: Pre-term genetic diagnosis with immediate laser treatment after birth may preserve vision in individuals affected with Norrie's disease.


Subject(s)
Blindness/prevention & control , Laser Coagulation , Retinal Dysplasia/surgery , Amniocentesis , Blindness/congenital , Blindness/diagnosis , Blindness/genetics , Blindness/physiopathology , Blindness/surgery , Codon, Nonsense , Eye/growth & development , Fluorescein Angiography , Follow-Up Studies , Genetic Diseases, X-Linked , Gestational Age , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis , Nervous System Diseases/genetics , Nervous System Diseases/physiopathology , Nervous System Diseases/surgery , Retinal Degeneration , Retinal Detachment/prevention & control , Retinal Dysplasia/diagnosis , Retinal Dysplasia/genetics , Retinal Dysplasia/physiopathology , Spasms, Infantile/diagnosis , Spasms, Infantile/genetics , Spasms, Infantile/physiopathology , Spasms, Infantile/surgery , Vision, Ocular/physiology , Visual Acuity/physiology
4.
Eye Contact Lens ; 33(3): 144-7, 2007 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17502749

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To determine the safety and efficacy of the Focus NIGHT & DAY (CIBA Vision, Duluth, GA) silicone hydrogel contact lens in the management of refractory, moderate to severe dry eye signs and symptoms secondary to graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). METHODS: Seven patients with GVHD and moderate to severe dry eye disease as determined by the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire were fitted with a near plano Focus NIGHT & DAY soft contact lens (SCL) used on a 7-night continuous-wear basis. Visual acuity, objective measures of dry eye disease (i.e., Schirmer I, tear breakup time, and corneal fluorescein staining), and OSDI scores were compared before SCL wear and after 1 week and 1 month of SCL wear. RESULTS: There was significant improvement in subjective assessment of dry eye symptoms (initial vs. 1-month OSDI score, 76.8 +/- 13.6 vs. 31.2 +/- 17.8, P<0.0005, paired t test). In addition, patients had significant improvement in best-corrected visual acuity after 1 month of SCL wear (initial vs. 1-month logMAR visual acuity for the right eye, 0.23 +/- 0.050 vs. 0.04 +/- 0.027, P<0.007; initial vs. 1-month logMAR visual acuity for the left eye, 0.22 +/- 0.049 vs. 0.04 +/- 0.020, P<0.007, analysis of variance, Dunnett post hoc). There were no significant changes in results of Schirmer I testing, corneal fluorescein staining, or tear breakup time. No adverse events or complications of SCL wear were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The Focus NIGHT & DAY contact lens can improve subjective dry eye symptoms and visual acuity in patients with refractory dry eye disease secondary to GVHD.


Subject(s)
Contact Lenses, Extended-Wear , Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic , Dry Eye Syndromes/etiology , Dry Eye Syndromes/therapy , Graft vs Host Disease/complications , Adult , Aged , Cornea/metabolism , Dry Eye Syndromes/diagnosis , Dry Eye Syndromes/physiopathology , Female , Fluorescein , Fluorescent Dyes , Humans , Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Silicones , Staining and Labeling , Surveys and Questionnaires , Tears/metabolism , Treatment Outcome , Visual Acuity
5.
Semin Ophthalmol ; 19(3-4): 75-7, 2004.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15590540

ABSTRACT

A 61-year-old female presented with a moderate decrease in vision in the left eye. The patient denied any other ocular or systemic symptoms related to giant cell arteritis. Visual acuity was 20/50 in the left eye with a 2+ relative afferent pupillary defect and markedly abnormal color vision. Dilated fundus examination and flourescein angiography revealed optic disc edema as well as a cilioretinal artery occlusion. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was only slightly elevated. Subsequent biopsy of the superficial temporal artery confirmed the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis. Cilioretinal arteries are anatomical variants derived from the short posterior ciliary arteries. Arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy typically results from thrombotic occlusion of the short posterior ciliary arteries. Consequently, arteritic occlusion of the short posterior ciliary arteries can result in concomitant occlusion of the cilioretinal artery. This case highlights the situation where clinical symptoms were not suspicious for giant cell arteritis but the presence of an anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and a cilioretinal artery occlusion was virtually pathognomonic for giant cell arteritis.


Subject(s)
Arterial Occlusive Diseases/complications , Ciliary Arteries , Giant Cell Arteritis/etiology , Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic/complications , Retinal Artery Occlusion/complications , Arterial Occlusive Diseases/diagnosis , Arterial Occlusive Diseases/drug therapy , Biopsy , Female , Fluorescein Angiography , Giant Cell Arteritis/diagnosis , Giant Cell Arteritis/drug therapy , Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use , Humans , Middle Aged , Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic/diagnosis , Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic/drug therapy , Papilledema/complications , Papilledema/diagnosis , Papilledema/drug therapy , Prednisone/therapeutic use , Retinal Artery Occlusion/diagnosis , Retinal Artery Occlusion/drug therapy , Temporal Arteries
6.
Stroke ; 33(3): 795-801, 2002 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11872906

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha is a well-characterized monocyte chemoattractant; its role in regulating monocyte and microglial recruitment and activation in the injured neonatal brain is unknown. We evaluated the impact of acute hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury on the expression of MIP-1alpha in neonatal rat brain. METHODS: To elicit forebrain ischemic injury, 7-day-old (P7) rats underwent right carotid ligation, followed by 2.5 hours of 8% oxygen exposure. We used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry to detect MIP-1alpha; double-labeling immunofluorescence assays were analyzed with confocal microscopy to identify cellular sources of MIP-1alpha. Immunocytochemistry assays were also used to detect 2 MIP-1alpha receptors, CCR1 and CCR5. RESULTS: We found marked increases in tissue concentrations of MIP-1alpha in the HI cerebral hemisphere, peaking from 8 to 72 hours after lesioning. Immunocytochemistry assays revealed that MIP-1alpha was constitutively expressed in physiologically activated microglia; from 8 to 120 hours after lesioning, MIP-1alpha immunoreactive monocytes and microglia accumulated in the lesion territory. In immunoreactive cells, MIP-1alpha was diffusely distributed throughout the cytoplasm at early post-HI time intervals; by 72 hours, MIP-1alpha immunoreactivity was typically concentrated adjacent to the nucleus, a pattern indicative of active MIP-1alpha production. In P7 to P12 brain, many cells expressed MIP-1alpha receptors; both CCR1 and CCR5 immunoreactivity were localized to endothelium and ependyma; CCR1-immunoreactive astrocytes and neurons and CCR5-immunoreactive microglia were also identified. CONCLUSIONS: These data implicate MIP-1alpha as a mediator of the complex and sustained inflammatory response initiated by perinatal HI braininjury.


Subject(s)
Brain/metabolism , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/metabolism , Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins/biosynthesis , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Antigens, Differentiation , Brain/pathology , Chemokine CCL3 , Chemokine CCL4 , Disease Models, Animal , Disease Progression , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/pathology , Immunohistochemistry , Neurons/metabolism , Neurons/pathology , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Receptors, CCR1 , Receptors, CCR5/metabolism , Receptors, Chemokine/metabolism
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