ABSTRACT
There are nine recognised genetic subtypes of HIV-1, and the epidemic in Southeast Asia is largely due to subtype E. We have investigated HIV-1 viral subtypes in 11 Uruguayan military personnel, six with infection acquired during a United Nations deployment to Cambodia and five with infection acquired in South America. We found subtype E in five of the six infections acquired in Southeast Asia, and subtype B in all five of the domestically acquired cases. These findings document multiple introductions of HIV-1 subtype E into the western hemisphere and mean that the genetic diversity of the global HIV-1 pandemic must be considered in strategies for epidemic control.
PIP: The genetic analysis of viruses from 11 HIV-infected Uruguayan military personnel, 6 of whom are thought to have acquired their infection while deployed as part of the UN Transitional Authority in Cambodia, is reported. They were screened for antibodies to HIV-1 before deployment, on return, and one month after return. 10 (.8%) of 1300 individuals acquired HIV-1 infection during overseas deployment. 6 of these 10 and 5 military personnel with domestically acquired infections volunteered for this study. The five had been diagnosed when tested as part of sentinel screening or at blood donation. Medical histories indicated that for all but 1 of the 11 subjects (who did not deploy to Cambodia), transmission most likely occurred through heterosexual exposures. The virus was successfully isolated by coculture in six individuals (four nondeployed, two deployed), and the genetic analyses were carried out on DNA prepared from cocultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from these subjects. Genetic analyses of viruses from the other five subjects were done on DNA from primary PBMC. Phylogenetic analysis of the DNA sequences from the gp 120 fragment obtained from the five subjects who did not deploy and had not traveled outside South America revealed that all clustered within the B subtype of HIV-1. Of the six subjects who were infected while deployed to Cambodia, five harbored HIV-1 subtype E, while the sixth isolate (UR5) was subtype B. Cross-sectional surveys in several populations in Uruguay have revealed a low overall seroprevalence of HIV-1, with the highest prevalence (1.26% of 868 patients tested) found in a population from a sexually transmitted diseases clinic in Montevideo. The biological consequences of the introduction of subtype E HIV-1 into the western hemisphere are not known, but data from Thailand suggest that subtype E may be associated with a higher risk of heterosexual transmission than B.
Subject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology , HIV-1/classification , Military Personnel , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/transmission , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/virology , Adult , Cambodia , Disease Outbreaks , HIV-1/genetics , Humans , Male , Prevalence , Sexual Behavior , Travel , Uruguay/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Peripheral blood lymphocytes and his subpopulations from 32 psoriatic patients were analyzed. For this, E rosettes for T cells, EAC rosettes for B cells and EA rosettes for receptors for Fc-IgM and Fc-IgG on T cells were employed. A decrease of circulating T cells is demonstrated as well an increase of null cells. No differences are observed for the number of circulating TM to TG cells (with Fc-IgM or Fc-IgG receptors). However, a decreased of T null(T/) cells was found. The authors postulate that the phenotypic appearances of T cells was associated to localize waste of modulated or activated T cells in lesions during the active phase of psoriasis.
Subject(s)
Lymphocytes/classification , Psoriasis/immunology , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Receptors, Fc/analysisABSTRACT
Psoriasis is a skin disease affecting up to a 3% of the world's population. New theories try to explain it as disease provoked by many agents and transmitted by an only gen, where the environmental factors are important. This should be confirmed with the association found with HLA and psoriasis. In this paper we study the HLA association with psoriasis as it has been described in populations of the northern hemisphere, 19 patients with vulgar psoriasis were tested by means of 9 HLA A and 15 HLA B antigens. Postulous, arthropatic and palmo-plantar psoriasis were excluded. We employed the NIH microlymphocytotoxicity test. An association with HLA B13 is shown in accordance to some other reports.
