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1.
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci ; 26(10): 3621-3641, 2022 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35647844

ABSTRACT

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are among the most common causes of access to the Emergency Department and among the leading causes of death worldwide. Accurate diagnostic algorithms are mandatory to ensure a rapid life-saving treatment. However, non-specific clinical presentation and unnecessary referrals to other subspecialties may lead to misinterpretation of the diagnosis and delays. In recent years, the development of imaging technologies has allowed Computed Tomography (CT) to play a prominent role in the concepts of CVD rule-in and rule-out. An optimization strategy for CT protocols is needed to reduce variability and improve image quality. A correct diagnostic suspicion is crucial, as different districts (i.e., heart, aorta and pulmonary circulation) may require different investigation techniques. Additionally, the CVD pre-test probability assessment is highly correlated with CT accuracy. The purpose of this narrative review is to analyze the current role of CT in the approach to the CVDs in the ED, and to analyze the main strategies of CT optimization.


Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases , Cardiovascular System , Thoracic Diseases , Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Heart , Humans , Review Literature as Topic , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
2.
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci ; 25(10): 3684-3699, 2021 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34109578

ABSTRACT

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) represents a challenge for a multidisciplinary oncology team. Diagnosis of PDAC remains challenging due to overlapping imaging features with benign lesions, notwithstanding great advances with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The term "Radiomics" has recently been introduced to define a mathematical process to extract countless quantitative features from medical images (including each diagnostic technique) with high throughput computing for diagnosis and prediction. This article is an updated overview of the imaging techniques to be employed during detection and characterization of pancreatic cancer diagnostic workup. Particularly, the limitations and advantages of the different imaging techniques are discussed, with a particular focus on functional imaging. This overview is the result of a self-study without protocol and registration number. Articles published in the English language from January 2000 to January 2021 were included. We analyzed 15 papers on radiomics. The possibility of functional imaging, such as CT, MRI, and radiomics has revolutionized pancreatic imaging, improving the detection and characterization of the lesions and allowing a prognosis related to radiological features, favoring the process of personalized medicine.


Subject(s)
Pancreatic Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Pancreas/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
3.
Acta Radiol ; 46(5): 452-4, 2005 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16224917

ABSTRACT

Bronchobiliary fistula (BBF) is a rare disorder consisting of a passageway between the biliary ducts and the bronchial tree. Many conditions may give rise to this development. Management of these fistulas is often difficult and can be associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. We present a case of BBF developing after hemihepatectomy in a 74-year-old man treated with endoscopic biliary drainage and illustrate MRCP findings.


Subject(s)
Biliary Fistula/diagnosis , Bronchial Fistula/diagnosis , Cholangiopancreatography, Magnetic Resonance/methods , Aged , Biliary Fistula/etiology , Biliary Fistula/therapy , Bronchial Fistula/etiology , Bronchial Fistula/therapy , Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde , Drainage/methods , Hepatectomy/adverse effects , Humans , Male , Postoperative Complications/diagnosis
4.
J Infect ; 44(4): 229-35, 2002 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12099729

ABSTRACT

The object of our study is to demonstrate that some components of M. tuberculosis, such as cord factor or mycolic acid or whole bacteria can prolong cell survival compared to controls. The cells treated with cord factor or mycolic acid at a concentration of 5 microg/ml were 65+/-8% viable reaching 70+/-8% at a concentration of 10 microg/ml. The cells treated with heat killed mycobacteria were 70+/-8% viable; while control cells exhibited a viability 50+/-7%. Conversely, tuberculostearic acid induced early cell death. The results also demonstrated a dose-dependent effect on the viability or induction of macrophage apoptosis. We also showed that prolonged viability of the treated cells with mycolic acid or cord factor (+20+/-4% and +25+/-5%, respectively) was correlated with a significant increase in Bcl-2 expression. The treated cells with whole bacteria presented a Bcl-2 expression of 40+/-6%, while Fas expression was not changed compared to controls. This study confirm that at the site of mycobacterial infection, necrosis, apoptosis or prolonged survival of the cells depend on the quantity and quality of the molecules expressed by the mycobacteria; whether necrosis or apoptosis or prolonged survival is more or less favorable to the host likely depends on several factors regarding the inflammatory and immune response, both markedly stimulated by mycobacteria.


Subject(s)
Apoptosis/drug effects , Cord Factors/pharmacology , Macrophages/drug effects , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/chemistry , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/pathogenicity , Mycolic Acids/pharmacology , Stearic Acids/pharmacology , Animals , Cell Survival/drug effects , Cells, Cultured , Gene Expression , In Situ Nick-End Labeling , Macrophages/cytology , Macrophages/metabolism , Macrophages/microbiology , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism , Risk Factors , fas Receptor/metabolism
5.
New Microbiol ; 25(2): 195-204, 2002 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12019726

ABSTRACT

To analyse the role of Pasteurella haemolytica Leukotoxin (LKT) in the mechanism of apoptotic cell death of bovine lymphocytes, we evaluated DNA fragmentation and p53 and c-myc expression. P. haemolytica strain ATCC 14003 was cultivated for LKT production. DNA fragmentation was analysed by electrophoresis on Agarose gel. DNA strand breaks in individual apoptotic cells were also detected by an in situ Terminal deoxy nucleotidyl Transferase (TdT). The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) procedure was used for verified p53 and c-myc activation by P. haemolytica LKT. LKT was able to induce DNA fragmentation in a dose and time-dependent fashion. The greatest apoptotic effect was obtained using LKT at a concentration of 0.25 U. The results show that p53 and c-myc activation by LKT is correlated with apoptosis of bovine lymphocytes and monocytes. Our data suggest that LKT may have an important role in the bacterial virulence of Pasteurella haemolytica.


Subject(s)
Apoptosis , Bacterial Toxins/metabolism , Exotoxins/physiology , Leukocytes, Mononuclear/pathology , Mannheimia haemolytica/chemistry , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism , Animals , Cattle , DNA Fragmentation , DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase/analysis , DNA, Bacterial/chemistry , Electrophoresis, Agar Gel/veterinary , In Vitro Techniques , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/drug effects , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/drug effects , Virulence
6.
Infez Med ; 8(4): 222-226, 2000.
Article in Italian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12714842

ABSTRACT

Five hundred people coming from the country-side, where a large number of cattle is bredeed, and 500 people coming from the city, were examined for the presence of humoral and cellular immunity to brucellosis with the standard agglutination test (Sat), anti-human globulin test (AHGT), Elisa test (Enzyme-Linked Immunoadsorbent Test) and IFN-gamma release in vitro. We found that Elisa test showed a higher sensitivity respect to the Sat and the AHGT test. In fact, with the Elisa test the seroprevalence was 10% for IgG, 9,4% for IgM and 1% for IgA in the rural country compared with that of the urban country which was 8,2%, 8,3% and 0,4% respectively. The Sat test and AHGT test, instead, showed a percentage of 91% and 87% with a titre < 20 from the rural country and a percentage of 96% and 98% from the urban area. Morover we noticed that the test based on the production of IFN gamma which appears to be an important mediator of cell-mediated immune response, agreed with serological tests

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