ABSTRACT
Insulin resistance is the characteristic feature of type 2 diabetes. This condition is manifested in the reduction of peripheral tissues sensitivity to the biological action of insulin and is expressed in the inhibition of cellular glucose absorption and metabolism in response to hormonal stimulation. At the cellular level, disorders which are realized both at the receptor and the postreceptor levels can serve a prerequisite to the formation of insulin resistance and are associated with a change in the amount or dysfunction of major molecular signaling cascade. Thus, the insulin receptor, as well as the other related signaling molecules can be considered as ideal therapeutic targets for the correction of insulin resistance and thus low molecular weight effectors which act on the individual links of insulin signaling cascade may be positioned as a new generation of anti-diabetic agents. This report provides information on the regulators of insulin receptor cascade, main advantages and disadvantages of their impact on biological targets and prospects for their therapeutic use as anti-diabetic drugs.
Subject(s)
Biomimetic Materials , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Hypoglycemic Agents , Insulin Resistance , Insulin , Signal Transduction/drug effects , Animals , Biomimetic Materials/pharmacokinetics , Biomimetic Materials/therapeutic use , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism , Glucose/metabolism , Humans , Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacokinetics , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Insulin/metabolism , Insulin/therapeutic useABSTRACT
An electrophoretic investigation of quantitative protein content in rat's' tissyes under chronic alcoholic intoxication has been done. It was shown the significant increase of protein content with molecular mass 55, 48-50, 43-45, 39-41 KDa and the decrease-of protein fractions with molecular mass 46-48, 34-35, 27-30, 16-18 KDa accordingly in liver and brain homogenates of experimental animals.
Subject(s)
Alcoholism/metabolism , Brain/drug effects , Ethanol/toxicity , Liver/drug effects , Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism , Alcoholism/physiopathology , Animals , Animals, Outbred Strains , Brain/metabolism , Brain Chemistry , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Female , Liver/chemistry , Liver/metabolism , Molecular Weight , Nerve Tissue Proteins/isolation & purification , RatsABSTRACT
We studied the key parameters of the development of prediabetic state in rats maintained on a high-calorie diet. It was found that long-term feeding a high-calorie diet increased blood concentration of glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, and insulin and reduced the rate of glucose uptake in comparison with rats receiving standard ration.
