[Postmenopausal osteoporosis. Digital Rx radiogrammetry in the diagnosis and follow-up of treatment with alfacalcidol]. / Osteoporoza de postmenopauza. Radiogrammetria Rx digitala (DXR) în diagnosticul si urmarirea tratamentului cu alfacalcidol.

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is characterised by an increased resorption of trabecular bone, a consequence of estrogen deficit. Changes in vitamin D metabolism are also an important contributors to the development of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Vitamin D and its active metabolites (Alfacalcidol, Calcitriol) perform important functions in regulation of the calcium balance and the bone metabolism. Aim of our study was to determine the efficacy of Alfacalcidol (Alpha D3) in reducing the loss of bone mass. 391 postmenopausal women with osteopenia and 165 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis were treated 24 months with Alfacalcidol. The bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by Digital Rx Radiogrammetry (DXR). In osteopenic women treated with 0.5 mg Alfacalcidol, bone mineral density increased after 12 and 24 months with 3.4% and 2.3%. In osteoporotic women the increase of BMD was 1.8% and 2.4% after 12 and respectively 24 months. On the control group BMD decreased with 3.4% after 24 months. In our study Alfacalcidol confirmed the abolishment of the loss of bone mass.

[Normal bone mineral content levels determined by quantitative computer tomography (QCT) in the population of Moldavia]. / Valorile normale ale continutului mineral osos determinate prin computertomografie cantitativa (QCT) la populatia din Moldova.

UNLABELLED: To determine by QCT-BMD the normal osteodensitometric levels in the population of both sexes (18-80 years) from Moldavia districts. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The study used the BMD (bone mineral density) option of CT PACE GE-CGR (QCT) device which compares the CT levels in the area of interest restricted to the trabecular area of L1-L4 vertebrae with the values of a phantom with different hydroxyapatite concentrations. In order to develop a regional standard, an average of 10 both sexes subjects free of osteoporosis-generating diseases were investigated per each 5-year age group, age range 18 to 80 years, selected at random from the 8 districts of Moldavia. In both genders, data were plotted against age and were analysed with linear regression tests and the evolution curve (age-related) for each gender was drawn. RESULTS: The levels of score Z in both sexes were obtained. The obtained standard may be used as a reference database for the QCT investigation of the spine both in the male and female Romanian population.

[The clinical, imaging and electrophysiological correlations in Paget's disease]. / Corelatii clinice, imagistice si electrofiziologice în boala Paget.

The work presents two cases of Paget disease with a complex neurological description. The first case, a woman of 59 years, presents a spastic paraparesis with multiple syndrome of cranial nerves. The second case, a woman of 60 years, presents a spastic tetraparesis with myoclonus. The cranial radiography stood out to both patients the thickness of the bones of the skull in the context of the existence of some grown titres of the alkaline phosphate. The examination CT to the second patient indicates an important cerebral atrophy. Auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) show to the first patient the increasing in time of the latency of the first wave and to the second patient the inequality of latency from the right to left a wave I and the growing latency of the interval I-III to the left. Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) to the second patient indicate the delay of all the component parts. If the radiological examination asserts the diagnosis, the electrophysiological probings diagnose the complications and the evolution of the disease.

[The imaging and electrophysiological correlations in lateral homonymous hemianopsia of vascular origin]. / Corelatii imagistico-electrofiziologice în hemianopsia homonima laterala de cauza vasculara.

This paper presents 7 cases of patients suffering of lateral homonymous hemianopia. This diagnosis was established taking into account both the clinical exam as well as the visual field, into the context of a vascular suffering of hemiparesis type. I worked with a Bioscript BST 2100 apparatus foreseen with flash and with its help there could have been recorded the visual evoked potentials (VEPs) with electrodes occipitally placed. The analysis of VEPs was made in the correlations with the premises and the extend of the cerebral lesion. The imaging exploration stood out lesions with the following localisations: stretched hemispherically, internal capsule, thalamus, occipitally. The VEPs recordings showed: the small N1 + leveling, the leveling of the whole tract, bifid N1 + leveling, invertit N1 + leveling, diminished N1. The study of the correlation between the lesion premises and the aspect of VEPs led to the idea that waves N1 and P1 represent different functions of the process of the visual stimulations rather than activities in distinct cortical areas.

[The antiemetic action of tropisetron (Navoban) in the cytostatic treatment of neoplastic diseases]. / Actiunea antiemetica a tropisetronului (Navoban) în tratamentul cu citostatice al afectiunilor neoplazice.

The most frequent side effects of chemotherapy are nausea and vomiting. This issue is a clinical analysis of the protective effect of a 5HT3 antagonist (Navoban-R; Sandoz Pharma Ltd., Basel, Switzerland) against chemotherapy--induced emesis (especially with the most emetic cytostatics--cisplatin and dacarbazine). In the first day of treatment, Navoban demonstrates a control of emesis for 75% of patients and in the following days for 80% of patients. The nausea is more frequent than vomiting. The most frequent side effects of Navoban were: headache (75% of patients), dizziness (62% of patients) and tiredness (50% of patients). This drug is a good protective against chemotherapy induce emesis and is very easy to administer.

[The treatment of rectal cancer--the optimizing possibilities]. / Tratamentul cancerului rectal--posibilitati de optimizare.

The authors studies 280 rectal cancers treated in the first surgical clinic of Iasi in the period 1981-1994. Although surgery is the main treatment of these tumors, it cannot be and it must be not used alone. Surgery must be associated with radio- and chemotherapy, because is the only way possible to increase the number of resections for rectal tumors and the survival rate. For the 263 tumors operated the resectability was 73, 5%: Milles's operation 101 (36, 7%), Dixon's operation 81 (30, 79%), other operation 91 (33, 11%). We consider that Dixon's operation is the best choice for the tumors in the stages A and B of Dukes classifications. Preoperative radiotherapy can influence the tumor volume (downstaging) and decrease local recurrences to about 10-15%. Surgery alone must be practiced only in emergencies. Postoperative chemotherapy is mandatory and it reduces local recurrences and delays metastasis evolution.

Overview of a three dimensional dose calculation system non coplanar planning system.

In the Radiological Clinic of Yassy we use our own therapy planning software based on the non coplanar photon beams system (TARGET SERIES 2 CGR GENERAL ELECTRIC). This program allows us to obtain the 3D perspectives necessary to accurately localize the target areas and their anatomic surroundings and the spatial interrelationship between the radiation beams, the external contour and the internal structures. Mean while the program determines the dose distribution in the tumour like 3D surfaces, the isodoses are displayed in user defined dose bands. One most useful features of this 3D planning system is the side view mode in which the images can be interactively manipulated and viewed along the central axis of the radiation beams. So the dose distribution is calculated and displayed in surfaces on planes with any orientation and position. In conclusion this program improve the speed of calculation and the efficiency of treatment planning.

[Thyroid cancers]. / Les cancers thyroidiens.

We have analysed factors that influenced on the patient survival in 195 cases of thyroid cancer. The survival is essentially influenced by the histology, the papillary forms (survival after 15 years: 83.1-93%) and follicular cancers (survival after 15 years: 84-94%) having an excellent evolution. The non-differentiated and mixed cancers have a very severe prognosis that is independent of the complex therapy that have been used (survival after 5 years: 17.1% in non-differentiated forms and 32.5% in mixed ones). The prognosis is better in subjects under the age of 45 and in female subjects. The cancers in the 1-st and 2-nd stage of tumor extension have a better evolution that those in the 3-rd stage. In differentiated cancers, the total or subtotal thyroidectomy followed by radioiodine administration determine the best survival.

[The results of treating cervical carcinoma at the Iasi University Radiology Clinic, Romania (in figures and tables)]. / Ergebnisse der Behandlung des Zervixkarzinoms an Radiologischen Universitäts-Klinik Jasi Rumänien (in Ziffern und Tabellen).

Between 1984 and 1988, 827 patients with cervical cancer, most of them with stage T2 (46%) and T3 (45%) of disease, were irradiated. Postoperative radiotherapy was performed in 276 patients, most of them with stage T2 cervical cancer, with 40-60 Gy. Preoperative irradiation with 20-40 Gy was done in 6% of the cases in stages T1b and T1a. Most of the patients (60%) were treated only with telecobalt 50-60 Gy. The over all survival rate in the 161 patients followed up for 5 years, irrespective of the stage, was of 40%.

[Tumors of the upper urinary tract. Apropos 35 cases]. / Tumorile cailor urinare superioare. Consideratii pe marginea a 35 cazuri.

Thirty-five cases of upper urinary tract tumors treated by the authors in an interval of 10 years (1979-1988) are presented. After a detailed analysis of the cases some general considerations on the anatomopathologic forms of upper urinary tract tumors, stage classification, symptoms and clinical and laboratory diagnosis, therapeutical indications are made.

[Cases of thyroid cancer irradiated at the Iasi Radiology-Oncology Clinic (1984-1988)]. / Comentariu la cazuistica de cancer tiroidian iradiat în Clinica radiologie-oncologie Iasi (1984-1988).

The study is based on 35 cases of thyroid cancer treated by external radiotherapy. The analysis of these cases and especially their grouping on clinical stages according to the recent TNM classification reveal the prognostic importance of such factors as the patients' age, histopathological form and the loco-regional and at distance spread.