ABSTRACT
Se describe el caso de un canino mestizo hembra de ocho años de edad que presentó historia de diez días de letargia, anorexia, pérdida de peso, vómito ocasional, tos esporádica y dificultad respiratoria; los hallazgos clínicos, radiográficos y ultrasonográficos sugirieron como diagnóstico diferencial más probable torsión lobar pulmonar del lóbulo medio derecho, lo cual se confirmó mediante toracotomía exploratoria. El manejo terapéutico incluyó resección del lóbulo afectado; no se identificó ninguna etiología subyacente. La paciente tuvo una recuperación completa de la torsión lobar; sin embargo, dos semanas después de la cirugía presentó claudicación severa del miembro anterior derecho y se encontraron hallazgos radiográficos compatibles con neoplasia ósea en la epífisis proximal del húmero. Por decisión de los propietarios sólo se realizó manejo analgésico y un mes después se practicó eutanasia debido a una posible metástasis pulmonar. Es posible que la neoplasia y posible metástasis se tratasen de eventos concomitantes sin relación causa-efecto; sin embargo, pudo haber existido una asociación entre un proceso estresante y traumático (la torsión pulmonar) con el desarrollo y manifestación de una patología oncológica subyacente.
In this report, the case of a mixed-breed, female intact, eight-year- old dog, that was presented with a ten-day history of lethargy, anorexia, weight loss, occasional vomiting, coughing and sporadic dispnea is described; the clinical, radiographic and ultrasonographic findings suggested as the most likely diagnosis a lung lobe (right middle) torsion, which was confirmed by means of an exploratory thoracotomy; the therapy included resection of the affected lobe; no underlying etiology was identified. The patient recovered fully from the lobar torsion; however, two weeks after surgery the dog showed severe right forelimb lameness and the radiographic findings suggested a bone tumor in the proximal epiphysis of the humerus; the owners allowed only analgesic therapy and one month later the patient was euthanized due to a possible lung metastases; it is possible that the neoplasm and the metastases were concomitant events without a cause-effect relationship; however, there might also have been an association between a traumatic and stressing process (the lung torsion) with the development of an underlying oncologic process.
ABSTRACT
Three lignans and four flavonoids were isolated and characterized from Larrea tridentata and compounds were tested against 16 bacterial species/strains. Results showed that: dihydroguaiaretic acid (1) had activity towards methicillin resistant (MR) Staphylococcus aureus (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 50 µg/mL) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MIC 12.5-50 µg/mL); 4-epi-larreatricin (2) was active against Enterobacter cloacae (MIC 12.5 µg/mL), as well as sensitive (MIC 50 µg/mL) and MDR strains of M. tuberculosis (MIC 25 µg/mL). 3'-Demethoxy-6-O-demethylisoguaiacin (3) displayed activity against sensitive and resistant S. aureus (MIC 25 µg/mL), Enterococcus faecalis (MIC 12.5 µg/mL), Escherichia coli (MIC 50 µg/mL), E. cloacae (MIC 12.5 µg/mL) and MDR strains of M. tuberculosis (MIC 12.5 µg/mL). 5,4'-Dihydroxy-3,7,8,3'-tetramethoxyflavone (4) and 5,4'-dihydroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxyflavone (5) were active against M. tuberculosis MDR strains having MIC values of 25 and 25-50 µg/mL, respectively, while 5,4'-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone (6) was active against S. aureus (MIC 50 µg/mL) and E. faecalis (MIC 50 µg/mL). We concluded that lignan 3 is the main compound responsible for the antibacterial activity of L. tridentata. Lignans 1 and 2 as well as flavonoid 6 contribute with some degree of antibacterial activity. On the other hand, compounds 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 contributed to the antimycobacterial activity found in L. tridentata.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacteria/drug effects , Flavonoids/pharmacology , Larrea/chemistry , Lignans/pharmacology , Flavonoids/isolation & purification , Lignans/isolation & purification , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plant Leaves/chemistryABSTRACT
Un canino macho Cocker Spaniel de 6 meses de edad fue presentado a la Clínica para Pequeños Animales de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, con historia de vómito y diarrea de una semana de duración. El paciente presentaba hiperkalemia, y los electrocardiogramas realizados fueron compatibles con este hallazgo. El diagnóstico de hipoadrenocorticismo primario fue confirmado mediante la realización de una prueba de estimulación con ACTH. Posteriormente a la muerte súbita del paciente, el examen microscópico de las glándulas adrenales reveló cambios histológicos compatibles con la enfermedad de Addison. El hipoadrenocorticismo primario es un desorden endocrino poco común que afecta principalmente pacientes caninos; está caracterizado por la destrucción inmunomediada de las cortezas adrenales, lo cual conduce a deficiencia de glucocorticoides, mineralocorticoides y hormonas sexuales adrenales. La historia de los pacientes afectados es variable y los signos clínicos son usualmente inespecíficos; las pruebas de laboratorio, por lo general, revelan hiperkalemia e hiponatremia, resultantes de la pérdida de la secreción de aldosterona. La historia, el examen clínico, la ecografía abdominal y los hallazgos de laboratorio pueden indicar enfermedad de Addison, sin embargo, la prueba de estimulación con hormona adrenocorticotrópica (ACTH) es considerada como la prueba de oro para el diagnóstico definitivo de la entidad. La enfermedad de Addison no tiene cura, pero puede ser manejada con terapia médica para reemplazar las deficiencias de mineralocorticoides y glucocorticoides.
Six month old, male Cocker Spaniel was presented to the Small Animal Clinic at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia with a one week history of vomiting and diarrhea. The patient was hyperkalemic and the electrocardiogram results were consistent with this finding. The diagnosis of primary hypoadrenocorticism was confirmed by performing an ACTH stimulation test. Following the patient’s sudden death, micros copic examination of the adrenal glands revealed histologic changes consistent with Addison`s disease. Primary hypoadrenocorticism is an uncommon endocrine disorder that primarily affects canine patients. The disorder is caracterized by the immune-mediated destruction of the adrenal cortices, resulting in mineralocorticoid, glucocorticoid and adrenal sex hormone deficiencies. Patient history is variable and clinical signs are often nonspecific; laboratory testing commonly reveals hyperkalemia and hyponatremia resulting from lack of aldosterone secretion. Clinical history, physical exam, abdominal ultrasound and laboratory findings may indicate Addison disease, however, the adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test is considered to be the gold standard for definitive diagnosis of primary hypoadrenocortisism. Addison disease is not curable but can be managed with pharmaceutical therapy that replaces the mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids deficiency.
ABSTRACT
Screening of the antifungal activity of plants from the northeast of Mexico against some of the main etiological agents inducing pulmonary mycoses, Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, Histoplasma capsulatum, and Coccidioides immitis, was conducted in vitro. We used the M27-A2 and M38-A methods from the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards to screen the antifungal activity. Ten hydroalcoholic extracts from the 15 plants evaluated showed antifungal activity against at least one of these fungi. Following this, a differential extraction was conducted with solvents of different polarities, and 16 extracts showed activity ranging from 16 to 125microg/mL against the different fungi. Toxicity of the extracts was evaluated by means of the test of lethality to Artemia salina, two of which were shown to have toxicity.
Subject(s)
Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plants, Medicinal , Animals , Artemia , Humans , MexicoABSTRACT
Peroxisomicines A1 (1) and A2 (2) are cytotoxic hydroxyanthracenones isolated from the fruits of Karwinskia parvifolia. Peroxisomicine A1 exhibits selective cytotoxicity against several tumor cell lines. In the present investigation three minor constituents were obtained from the same fruit extracts: peroxisomicine A3 (3) and isoperoxisomicines A1 (4) and A2 (5). Compounds 3 and 5 are novel and their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods and molecular modeling. Compounds 1-5 were significantly cytotoxic against hepatoma cell lines.
Subject(s)
Anthracenes/isolation & purification , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Rhamnus/chemistry , Anthracenes/chemistry , Anthracenes/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Circular Dichroism , Fruit/chemistry , Mass Spectrometry , Mexico , Molecular Conformation , Molecular Structure , Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular , Spectrophotometry, Infrared , Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet , Stereoisomerism , Structure-Activity Relationship , Tumor Cells, Cultured/drug effects , X-Ray DiffractionABSTRACT
Tullidinol, a neurotoxin isolated from fruits and roots of several Karwinskia species, was resolved for the first time into two stereoisomers. This was achieved by means of preparative HPLC from roots of Karwinskia parvifolia. Structural assignments were made on the basis of spectroscopic data, including long range correlations as well as geometry optimization by means of semi-empirical methods.
Subject(s)
Anthracenes/chemistry , Anthracenes/pharmacology , Plants, Medicinal , Plants, Toxic , Pyrans/chemistry , Pyrans/pharmacology , Rhamnus/chemistry , Animals , Anthracenes/isolation & purification , Artemia/drug effects , Cytotoxins/chemistry , Cytotoxins/isolation & purification , Cytotoxins/pharmacology , Neurotoxins/chemistry , Neurotoxins/isolation & purification , Neurotoxins/pharmacology , Plant Roots/chemistry , Pyrans/isolation & purification , Stereoisomerism , Toxicity TestsABSTRACT
Infection with Toxocara canis is a common world-wide human helminthiasis, which rarely elicits central nervous system (CNS) impairment. A case-control study to investigate this discrepancy was carried out, in which the cases were 27 adult neurological inpatients for whom a definite aetiological diagnosis was lacking, and for whom positive immunodiagnosis of toxocariasis had been obtained, both in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and in serum. Two control groups were used. Controls were adult inpatients with other neurological diseases who had no evidence of T. canis infection of the CNS. Multivariate logistic regression analysis did not reveal any positive relation between case status and clinical signs. A significant association was observed between case status and an elevated CSF cell count. Rural residence, ownership of dogs, and dementia were shown to be risk factors for toxocaral infection of CNS. These results suggest that migration of T. canis larvae in the human brain does not frequently induce a recognizable neurological syndrome but is correlated with the association of several risk factors including exposure to dogs, a status possibly responsible for repeated low-dose infections.
Subject(s)
Central Nervous System Infections/diagnosis , Toxocara canis , Toxocariasis/diagnosis , Analysis of Variance , Animals , Animals, Domestic , Antigens, Helminth/blood , Antigens, Helminth/cerebrospinal fluid , Blotting, Western , Case-Control Studies , Dogs , Female , Humans , Logistic Models , Male , Middle Aged , Risk FactorsSubject(s)
Child Development , Growth , Health Status , Adolescent , Body Height , Body Weight , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Nutritional Status , Socioeconomic FactorsSubject(s)
Growth , Adolescent , Body Height , Body Weight , Child , Diet , Female , Humans , Male , Mexico , Regression Analysis , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
Se estudiaron 2,488 jovenes (1,380 varones y 1,108 mujeres) entre los 8 y los 18 anos y entre los 6 y los 16 anos de los sexos respectivos, obtenidos de tres tipos socioeconomicos escolares (escuelas privadas, oficiales urbanas y rurales). Se obtuvo la alla, el peso, la circunferencia del brazo, la circunferencia del muslo y el perimetro cefalico, asi como las costumbres alimentarias para la ingestion de carne, leche, huevo y frijoles. Se calcularon las tablas del crecimiento para cada parametro agrupando los datos en intervalos de 0,50 anos. Se efectuo regresion polinomial de los datos hasta el 6o. grado y en ella se observo claramente las diferencias en las curvas de regresion del crecimiento en cada parametro estudiado.Con base en la ecuacion polinomial, se calculo la velocidad del crecimiento y la edad de la velocidad maxima. Se encontro una instalacion mas temprana en los estrados socioeconomicos mas favorecidos para el peso corporal, la circunferencia del brazo y la circunferencia del muslo. La edad de instalacion del maximo crecimiento de la estatura de pie no mostro diferencia en los tres grupos estudiados
