ABSTRACT
Sciatica or lower back pain with sciatic radiation is a frequent medical problem in primary care. The aim of this article is to better inform medical practitioners on diagnosis and management of lower back pain with sciatic radiation. Updated information on sciatica management is important for family physicians. Here, we review the available literature on sciatica. Relevant articles were identified via a literature search in PubMed by focusing on the following key points: diagnostic and definition criteria, red flags, and therapy. In addition, the authors' clinical experience has been utilised to propose a schema to assist in the assessment and treatment of sciatica in a primary care setting. Sciatica diagnosis is based on a careful history and clinical examination. Imaging is usually not necessary at first; testing with X-ray and MRI are key to diagnosing lumbar instability and herniated discs. Management includes physical conditioning, proper pain management, and surgery as a last resort. Pain treatment includes analgesics, anticonvulsants and muscle relaxants. A more aggressive approach would include epidural infiltrations and radiofrequency.
ABSTRACT
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Humans , Health Sciences , Coronavirus Infections/immunology , Immunity , Pneumonia, Viral/immunology , PandemicsSubject(s)
Coronavirus Infections/immunology , Immunity , Pneumonia, Viral/immunology , COVID-19 , Humans , PandemicsABSTRACT
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Humans , Hair Color/physiology , Skin Pigmentation/physiology , Pain Threshold/physiology , Pain Management/methods , Skin Physiological Phenomena , Pain Measurement/statistics & numerical dataSubject(s)
Arterial Occlusive Diseases/diagnosis , Frostbite/diagnosis , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/complications , Lupus Nephritis , Raynaud Disease , Skin Pigmentation/physiology , Adult , Cold Temperature/adverse effects , Diagnosis, Differential , Disease Management , Female , Fingers , Humans , Lupus Nephritis/complications , Lupus Nephritis/diagnosis , Raynaud Disease/diagnosis , Raynaud Disease/etiology , Raynaud Disease/physiopathology , Raynaud Disease/therapy , ToesABSTRACT
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Humans , Male , Adult , Appendicitis/etiology , Colonoscopy/adverse effects , Colitis, Ulcerative/complications , Iatrogenic Disease , Colitis, Ulcerative/surgerySubject(s)
Appendicitis/etiology , Colonoscopy/adverse effects , Acute Disease , Adult , Appendectomy , Appendicitis/diagnostic imaging , Appendicitis/surgery , Colitis, Ulcerative/complications , Colitis, Ulcerative/diagnosis , Colonic Polyps/complications , Colonic Polyps/surgery , Humans , Male , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Increased carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is associated with cardiovascular events. The purpose of this study was to identify advanced subclinical atherosclerosis in patients who are at low or intermediate risk. METHODS: Thousand hundred and eighteen Spanish subjects were prospectively enrolled in an ambulatory screening of cardiovascular risk (CVR). Three hundred and twenty patients aged over 30 years with low-intermediate CVR according to European SCORE function underwent carotid ultrasonography. Carotid IMT and plaque assessment were performed using high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography. Participants with abnormal CIMT were reclassified to high CVR. RESULTS: According to SCORE function, 104 patients (32·5%) were of low CVR and 216 (67·5%) of intermediate CVR. Mean carotid IMT was 0·62 ± 0·13 mm, and carotid plaque was found in 35 (10·9%) patients. Carotid ultrasonography changed the risk stratum in 59 (18·4%) patients, who were reclassified to high CVR. Reclassification was more frequent in the intermediate CVR group than in the low CVR group (22·7% vs. 9·6%, P = 0·005) and was associated to age (P = 0·002), history of arterial hypertension (P < 0·001) and increased systolic blood pressure (P = 0·05). CONCLUSIONS: CIMT calculated by high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography could become an important tool in preventive medicine. Measuring CIMT may be useful in identifying asymptomatic individuals with subclinical atherosclerosis not detected by the actual CVR functions.
Subject(s)
Atherosclerosis/diagnostic imaging , Carotid Arteries/diagnostic imaging , Tunica Intima/diagnostic imaging , Tunica Media/diagnostic imaging , Adult , Aged , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Female , Humans , Male , Mass Screening/methods , Middle Aged , Primary Prevention/methods , Prospective Studies , Risk Assessment , Spain , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
La estratificación del riesgo cardiovascular (RCV) en el momento actual forma parte de la práctica clínica habitual para establecer las estrategias de prevención cardiovascular. Un enfoque complementario a las escalas de valoración del RCV es la evaluación directa no invasiva de la lesión aterosclerótica que permita identificar a pacientes de alto riesgo de desarrollar una complicación cardiovascular con posterioridad. La medición del grosor íntimo-medial carotídeo es un método no invasivo basado en el ultrasonido adecuado para la detección de la aterosclerosis subclínica. Nos permite estratificar el RCV más allá de los factores de riesgo cardiovasculares convencionales y por tanto supondría un complemento a las funciones de RCV. La inclusión del grosor íntimo-medial carotídeo en la estratificación del RCV puede ayudar en la identificación de individuos asintomáticos con un RCV alto no detectados por las funciones de RCV actuales(AU)
Cardiovascular risk stratification is currently part of routine clinical practice to establish cardiovascular prevention strategies. A complementary approach to the assessment scales of cardiovascular risk stratification is the non-invasive evaluation of the atherosclerotic lesion to identify patients at high risk for cardiovascular complications. Carotid intima-media thickness is a non-invasive method based on ultrasound suitable for the detection of subclinical atherosclerosis. It allows us to stratify cardiovascular risk beyond conventional cardiovascular risk factors and would complement the cardiovascular risk functions. The inclusion of the carotid intima-media thickness in cardiovascular risk stratification may help identify asymptomatic individuals with a high cardiovascular risk not detected by current scales of cardiovascular risk stratification(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Carotid Arteries/anatomy & histology , Tunica Intima/anatomy & histology , Atherosclerosis/diagnosis , Risk Factors , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Cardiovascular risk stratification is currently part of routine clinical practice to establish cardiovascular prevention strategies. A complementary approach to the assessment scales of cardiovascular risk stratification is the non-invasive evaluation of the atherosclerotic lesion to identify patients at high risk for cardiovascular complications. Carotid intima-media thickness is a non-invasive method based on ultrasound suitable for the detection of subclinical atherosclerosis. It allows us to stratify cardiovascular risk beyond conventional cardiovascular risk factors and would complement the cardiovascular risk functions. The inclusion of the carotid intima-media thickness in cardiovascular risk stratification may help identify asymptomatic individuals with a high cardiovascular risk not detected by current scales of cardiovascular risk stratification.
