Validación del “Cuestionario de confianza para hablar en público” en una muestra clínica española / Validation of the Personal Report of Confidence as Speaker in a Spanish clinical sample

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue obtener datos psicométricos del “Cuestionario de confianza para hablar en público” (Personal Report of Confidence as Speaker-Modified; PRCS-M; Paul, 1966) adaptado al español y validado por Bados (1986) en una muestra de fóbicos sociales (N= 120). El 84,17% fueron mujeres entre 17 y 48 años (M= 24,06; DT= 5,16). Mediante un análisis factorial confirmatorio se comprobó que un modelo bifactorial se ajustaba relativamente bien a los datos: enunciados negativos (PRCS-MR) y enunciados positivos (PRCS-MR). La consistencia interna obtenida fue elevada (a= 0,89). El PRCS-M correlacionó con ambas subescalas de las “Autoverbalizaciones durante la situación de hablar en público” (SSPS-P r= -0,50; SSPS-N r= 0,55), la “Escala de evitación y malestar social” (r= 0,31) y el “Miedo a la evaluación negativa versión breve” (r= 0,35). Finalmente, se observaron diferencias significativas (F[2, 115]= 7,72, p< 0,005) en el PRCS-M entre los tres subtipos de fobia social (Heimberg, Holt, Schneier, Spitzer y Liebowitz, 1993) (AU)

The goal of this paper was to explore the psychometric properties of the PRCS-M (Personal Report of Confidence as Speaker-Modified; Bados, 1986) in a social phobic sample (N= 120). The 84.17% of the participants were women, with ages ranging from 17 to 48 (M= 24.06, SD= 5.16). Confirmatory factor analysis was calculated and we found that a bifactorial model adjusted quite well to data: positive statements (PRCS-MS) and negative statement (PRCS-MR). The internal consistency obtained was high (a= .89). The PRCS-M correlated with both SSPS subscales (Self-Statements During Public Speaking) (SSPS-P r= -.50; SSPS-N r= .55), the SAD (Social Avoidance and Distress Scale) (r= .31), and the BFNE (Brief version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale) (r= .35). Finally, there were significant differences (F [2, 115]= 7.72, p< .005) in the PRCS-M amongst the three social phobia subtypes (Heimberg, Holt, Schneier, Spitzer, & Liebowitz, 1993)

Propiedades psicométricas del inventario de situaciones de malestar acerca de la imagen corporal (SIBID) en la población española / Psychometric properties of the situational inventory of Body image Dysphoria (SIBID) in a Spanish

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue adaptar y validar a la población española el SIBID. Está formado por 48 ítems que indican la frecuencia que ciertas situaciones producen emociones negativas sobre la apariencia en una escala de 5 puntos. La escala fue aplicada a una muestra de 282 participantes (215 mujeres y 67 hombres) entre los 14 y 29 años, procedentes de escuelas, institutos y facultades universitarias. El análisis factorial extrajo un único factor que explicaba el 47,30% (muestra total) y el 45,93% (mujeres). La consistencia interna fue alta, tanto para hombres como para mujeres (0,97), y la estabilidad temporal (un mes) fue más elevada en las mujeres (0,89) que en los varones (0,51). El SIBID mostró una buena validez convergente y discriminante (en función de diversos criterios de agrupación en la población general). Además, el SIBID fue capaz de discriminar entre población general sin riesgo, subclínicos y pacientes diagnosticadas de un trastorno alimentario (N=30). Los resultados apoyan la validad y fiabilidad del SIBID en población española, así como su utilidad en la evaluación de la imagen corporal en los trastornos alimentarios

The main aim of this study to validate the SIBID to Spanish population. The scale consisted of 48 items assessing the frequency of dysphoric body image emotions depending on situational events, in a 5-pint rating scale. The questionnaire was administered to a sample of 282 participants 8215 women ad 67 men) aged 14 to 29, from primary and secondary schools and universities. Principal component analysis produced one factor which accounted for 47,30% of variance (global sample), and 45,93% (women). Internal consistency was high, both for women and men (0,97), and the test-retest (one month) was higher in women (0,89) that in men (0,51). The SIBID showed a good concurrent and discriminate validities (in function of several grouping criteria in general population). Moreover, the SIBID was able to differentiate between general population without risk, subrealiability and validity of the SIBID in Spanish populations. Its utility in the assessment to body image in the eating disorders has also been demonstrated

Dediazoniation in SDS/BuOH/H2O reverse micelles: structural parameters, kinetics, and mechanism of the reaction.

Dediazoniation of o-methylbenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate was investigated in SDS/BuOH/H2O (SDS = sodium dodecyl sulfate) reverse micelles, RMs, and, for comparison, in binary BuOH/H2O mixtures by employing a combination of spectrophotometric and chromatographic techniques. RMs were characterized by steady-state fluorescence; the data indicate that the aggregation number of the RMs increase upon increasing [SDS], while the radius of the water pool is mainly controlled by the amount of water in the system, and that the thickness of the interfacial region increases upon increasing the amount of BuOH in the system, in agreement with literature reports. Experimental evidence suggests that dediazoniation mainly takes place in the interfacial region of the RMs. Kinetic data show that a turnover from the heterolytic to the homolytic mechanism takes place about pH = 5; the variation of the observed rate constants, k(obs,) with pH following an S-shaped curve. At pH approximately 2, k(obs) values are insensitive to solvent composition both in RMs and in the binary mixture; however, k(obs) values in RMs are slightly lower than those in BuOH/H2O, probably due to the presence of SDS. High-performance liquid chromatography analyses of the reaction mixture indicate, in both RMs and in binary mixtures, the main dediazoniation products are the heterolytic ArOH and ArOBu, their yields depending on the composition of the system, and only small (<10%) amounts of the reduction ArH product were detected. The data at low pH are interpreted in terms of a DN + AN dediazoniation mechanism, i.e., a rate-limiting formation of an extremely reactive aryl cation that further reacts with available nucleophiles in the solvation shell.