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1.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 78(9)1-15 may 2024. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-CR-367

ABSTRACT

Introducción El ictus isquémico agudo es una de las principales causas globales de morbimortalidad. La trombectomía mecánica ha mejorado el pronóstico funcional de esta patología; sin embargo, la transformación hemorrágica es una complicación frecuente. La tomografía computarizada (TC) de tecnología espectral, como prueba de neuroimagen de control, diferencia la extravasación de contraste de la transformación hemorrágica gracias al diferente comportamiento de los materiales a la energía dual, y esta distinción es de utilidad en su manejo clinicoterapéutico. Material y métodos. Estudio unicéntrico, observacional y retrospectivo, en el cual se investigó, mediante el acceso a una base de datos disociada y a la historia clínica, la presencia de una serie de variables clínicas, radiológicas y terapéuticas en los pacientes con ictus isquémico agudo que fueron tratados con trombectomía mecánica en nuestro hospital entre julio de 2022 y marzo de 2023.ResultadosDe los 155 pacientes incluidos, se realizó una TC craneal espectral en 63 y convencional en 75. En el grupo de TC espectral se detectaron 21 imágenes hiperdensas y en el grupo de TC convencional fueron 28. En el 42,8% de los casos en los que se detectó una hiperdensidad en el grupo de TC convencional no se pudo distinguir entre extravasación de contraste y transformación hemorrágica, en comparación con el 4,8% del grupo de TC espectral (p < 0,001).ConclusionesLa TC espectral confiere una gran confianza diagnóstica al radiólogo para establecer el tipo de hiperdensidad detectada y, por ello, proporciona también una gran confianza terapéutica al neurólogo para reiniciar precozmente la anticoagulación. (AU)


Introduction. Acute ischemic stroke is one of the leading global causes of morbidity and mortality. Mechanical thrombectomy has improved the functional prognosis of this condition; however, hemorrhagic transformation is a common complication. Spectral computed tomography (CT) imaging, as a neuroimaging control test, distinguishes contrast extravasation from hemorrhagic transformation due to the differential behavior of materials at dual energy levels. This distinction is valuable in its clinical therapeutic management.Material and methods. A single-center, observational, retrospective study was conducted in which the presence of various clinical, radiological, and therapeutic variables in patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with mechanical thrombectomy at our hospital between July 2022 and March 2023 was investigated using access to a dissociated database and medical records.Results. Out of 155 included patients, spectral cranial CT was performed in 63, and conventional cranial CT in 75. In the spectral CT group, 21 hyperdense images were detected, compared to 28 in the conventional CT group. In 42.8% of cases where hyperdensity was detected in the conventional CT group, it was not possible to distinguish between contrast extravasation and hemorrhagic transformation, in contrast to the 4.8% in the spectral CT group (p < 0.001).Conclusions. Spectral CT provides high diagnostic confidence to the radiologist in identifying the type of detected hyperdensity, thereby offering significant therapeutic confidence to the neurologist in early resuming anticoagulation therapy. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Thrombectomy , Atrial Fibrillation
2.
Rev Neurol ; 78(9): 247-252, 2024 May 01.
Article in Spanish, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38682762

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Acute ischemic stroke is one of the leading global causes of morbidity and mortality. Mechanical thrombectomy has improved the functional prognosis of this condition; however, hemorrhagic transformation is a common complication. Spectral computed tomography (CT) imaging, as a neuroimaging control test, distinguishes contrast extravasation from hemorrhagic transformation due to the differential behavior of materials at dual energy levels. This distinction is valuable in its clinical therapeutic management. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A single-center, observational, retrospective study was conducted in which the presence of various clinical, radiological, and therapeutic variables in patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with mechanical thrombectomy at our hospital between July 2022 and March 2023 was investigated using access to a dissociated database and medical records. RESULTS: Out of 155 included patients, spectral cranial CT was performed in 63, and conventional cranial CT in 75. In the spectral CT group, 21 hyperdense images were detected, compared to 28 in the conventional CT group. In 42.8% of cases where hyperdensity was detected in the conventional CT group, it was not possible to distinguish between contrast extravasation and hemorrhagic transformation, in contrast to the 4.8% in the spectral CT group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Spectral CT provides high diagnostic confidence to the radiologist in identifying the type of detected hyperdensity, thereby offering significant therapeutic confidence to the neurologist in early resuming anticoagulation therapy.


TITLE: Aplicación clinicorradiológica del uso de la tomografía computarizada craneal de tecnología espectral en el manejo del ictus isquémico agudo tras trombectomía mecánica.Introducción. El ictus isquémico agudo es una de las principales causas globales de morbimortalidad. La trombectomía mecánica ha mejorado el pronóstico funcional de esta patología; sin embargo, la transformación hemorrágica es una complicación frecuente. La tomografía computarizada (TC) de tecnología espectral, como prueba de neuroimagen de control, diferencia la extravasación de contraste de la transformación hemorrágica gracias al diferente comportamiento de los materiales a la energía dual, y esta distinción es de utilidad en su manejo clinicoterapéutico. Material y métodos. Estudio unicéntrico, observacional y retrospectivo, en el cual se investigó, mediante el acceso a una base de datos disociada y a la historia clínica, la presencia de una serie de variables clínicas, radiológicas y terapéuticas en los pacientes con ictus isquémico agudo que fueron tratados con trombectomía mecánica en nuestro hospital entre julio de 2022 y marzo de 2023. Resultados. De los 155 pacientes incluidos, se realizó una TC craneal espectral en 63 y convencional en 75. En el grupo de TC espectral se detectaron 21 imágenes hiperdensas y en el grupo de TC convencional fueron 28. En el 42,8% de los casos en los que se detectó una hiperdensidad en el grupo de TC convencional no se pudo distinguir entre extravasación de contraste y transformación hemorrágica, en comparación con el 4,8% del grupo de TC espectral (p < 0,001). Conclusiones. La TC espectral confiere una gran confianza diagnóstica al radiólogo para establecer el tipo de hiperdensidad detectada y, por ello, proporciona también una gran confianza terapéutica al neurólogo para reiniciar precozmente la anticoagulación.


Subject(s)
Ischemic Stroke , Thrombectomy , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Humans , Ischemic Stroke/diagnostic imaging , Ischemic Stroke/surgery , Male , Retrospective Studies , Female , Aged , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Postoperative Complications/diagnostic imaging , Postoperative Complications/etiology
3.
Radiología (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 54(5): 401-409, sept.-oct. 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-106742

ABSTRACT

Las malformaciones cavernosas (cavernomas) son lesiones hamartomatosas formadas por espacios vasculares sinusoidales sin parénquima cerebral entre ellos. Las crisis son su presentación clínica más habitual. Son lesiones dinámicas en las cuales se producen cambios a lo largo del tiempo. La mayoría son de localización supratentorial, pero hasta un 20% de los casos se presentan en la fosa posterior. Tanto en la tomografía computarizada como en la resonancia magnética (RM) su presentación típica es como una lesión redondeada u ovoidea, bien definida, sin o con un mínimo efecto masa o edema, y con poco o ningún realce. Su apariencia en la RM dependerá del estadio de la hemorragia, siendo la secuencia más sensible el eco de gradiente T2. El cavernoma no es visible en la arteriografía. No obstante, ésta puede demostrar una anomalía del desarrollo venoso asociada. Los cavernomas pueden presentar características atípicas en cuanto a su tamaño, apariencia, localización y número (AU)


Cavernous malformations (cavernomas) are hamartomatous lesions formed by sinusoidal vascular spaces, with no cerebral parenchyma between them. Seizures are the most usual clinical presentation. They are dynamic lesions, producing changes throughout their evolution. The majority are located in the supratentorial region, but up to 20% of cases they are found in the posterior fossa. In computed tomography (CT) and in magnetic resonance (MR) their typical presentation is as a well defined round or oval lesion, with or without a minimal mass effect or oedema, with little or no contrast enhancement. Their appearance in MRI will depend on the stage of the haemorrhage, a T2 echo gradient being the most sensitive sequence. Angiography do not usually detect cavernomas. However, it may demonstrate a venous developmental anomaly. Cavernomas may present with atypical characteristics, as regards their size, appearance, location and number (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Meningeal Neoplasms/congenital , Meningeal Neoplasms , Hemangioma, Cavernous/congenital , Hemangioma, Cavernous , Angiography/methods , Angiography , /instrumentation , /methods , Magnetic Resonance Imaging
4.
Radiologia ; 54(5): 401-9, 2012.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22197483

ABSTRACT

Cavernous malformations (cavernomas) are hamartomatous lesions formed by sinusoidal vascular spaces, with no cerebral parenchyma between them. Seizures are the most usual clinical presentation. They are dynamic lesions, producing changes throughout their evolution. The majority are located in the supratentorial region, but up to 20% of cases they are found in the posterior fossa. In computed tomography (CT) and in magnetic resonance (MR) their typical presentation is as a well defined round or oval lesion, with or without a minimal mass effect or oedema, with little or no contrast enhancement. Their appearance in MRI will depend on the stage of the haemorrhage, a T2 echo gradient being the most sensitive sequence. Angiography do not usually detect cavernomas. However, it may demonstrate a venous developmental anomaly. Cavernomas may present with atypical characteristics, as regards their size, appearance, location and number.


Subject(s)
Central Nervous System Neoplasms/diagnosis , Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Neuroimaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Humans , Neuroimaging/methods
5.
Neurocirugia (Astur) ; 20(3): 265-71, 2009 Jun.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19575131

ABSTRACT

We report two cases of intracraneal brain haemorrhage secondary to developmental venous anomaly trombosis recently treated at our Department. First patient was a 28-year old woman on oral contraceptive treatment for a month who was referred to our Department with sudden-onset conscious level deterioration after presenting 24 hours previously with headache, vomits and hemiparesis. Computed Tomography revealed a predominant hypodense area containing hyperdense foci causing mild mass effect and midline-shift in keeping with a haemorrhagic infarction occupying almost completely the right frontal lobe. On CT, magnetic resonance (MR) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) there was a prominent tubular structure adjacent to the hematoma in keeping with a partly thrombosed vessel. Urgent craniotomy and partial hematoma evacuation was performed. Digital subtraction angiography confirmed the presence of a filling defect within the draining vein of a typical caputmedusae pattern developmental venous anomaly (DVA). Systemic anticoagulation was started and four days after surgery sedation was reversed and the patient awoke with normal conscious level although mild (4/5) hemiparesis persisted. Second patient was a 38-year old male evaluated in the Emergency Department due to tonic-clonic seizures in the left side followed by altered sensation in the same distribution. Initial CT revealed an intracranial bleed. After contrast administration there was an anomalous vessel in the same location that was confirmed angiographically represented a partly thrombosed DVA. Conservative management was favoured and the patient was discharged from hospital without clinical neurological deficits.


Subject(s)
Blood Vessels/abnormalities , Cerebrovascular Circulation , Intracranial Hemorrhages/etiology , Venous Thrombosis/complications , Adult , Female , Humans , Intracranial Hemorrhages/pathology , Magnetic Resonance Angiography , Male , Venous Thrombosis/pathology
6.
Neurocir. - Soc. Luso-Esp. Neurocir ; 20(3): 265-271, mayo-jun. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-60975

ABSTRACT

Presentamos dos casos de hemorragia cerebral secundaria a la trombosis de una anomalía venosa del desarrollo (AVD) recientemente tratados en nuestro servicio. La primera paciente era una mujer de 28 años que tomaba anticonceptivos orales desde hacía un mes, que ingresó tras deterioro agudo del nivel de conciencia precedido de hemiparesia, cefalea y vómitos de 24 horas de evolución. La tomografía computarizada (TC) realizada al ingreso demostró una imagen hipodensa con áreas de hiperdensidad en su interior y que ejercía efecto masa con desviación de la línea media. La lesión era sugestiva de un infarto hemorrágico que ocupaba casi la totalidad del lóbulo frontal derecho. Tanto en la TC, la resonancia magnética (RM) y la angioRM destacaba la existencia de una estructura tubular en el interior del hematoma compatible con un vaso con un trombo en su interior. La paciente fue sometida a una craneotomía urgente con evacuación parcial del hematoma. La arteriografía confirmó la existencia de un drenaje venoso anómalo (DVA) con un defecto de replección en su interior en el que desembocaba un penacho de venas con el patrón típico de "Cabeza de Medusa" por lo que, ante la sospecha de trombosis venosa, se procedió a la anticoagulación sistémica de la paciente. A los 4 días de la intervención se procede a la retirada progresiva de la sedación y de la intubación presentando la paciente un GCS de 15 con leve hemiparesia izquierda 4/5. El segundo caso fue un varón de 38 años que ingresó por un cuadro de crisis comicial tónico-clónica en hemicuerpo izquierdo seguida por una sensación de disestesia en la misma localización. La TC inicial mostraba una imagen de hemorragia intracraneal en la cual, al inyectar contraste, se apreciaba una imagen de vaso anómalo dilatado que, en el estudio angiográfico, resultó corresponder a un anomalía del desarrollo venoso trombosada. Se adoptó una actitud expectante con seguimiento angiográfico periódico de la lesión. El paciente fue dado de alta sin déficits neurológicos (AU)


We report two cases of intracraneal brain haemorrhage secondary to developmental venous anomaly trombosis recently treated at our Department. First patient was a 28-year old woman on oral contraceptive treatment for a month who was referred to our Department with sudden-onset conscious level deterioration after presenting 24 hours previously with headache, vomits and hemiparesis. Computed Tomography revealed a predominant hypodense area containing hyperdense foci causing mild mass effect and midline-shift in keeping with a haemorrhagic infarction occupying almost completely the right frontal lobe. On CT, magnetic resonance (MR) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) there was a prominent tubular structure adjacent to the hematoma in keeping with a partly thrombosed vessel. Urgent craniotomy and partial hematoma evacuation was performed. Digital subtraction angiography confirmed the presence of a filling defect within the draining vein of a typical caputmedusae pattern developmental venous anomaly (DVA). Systemic anticoagulation was started and four days after surgery sedation was reversed and the patient awoke with normal conscious level although mild (4/5) hemiparesis persisted. Second patient was a 38-year old male evaluated in the Emergency Department due to tonic-clonic seizures in the left side followed by altered sensation in the same distribution. Initial CT revealed an intracranial bleed. After contrast administration there was an anomalous vessel in the same location that was confirmed angiographically represented a partly thrombosed DVA. Conservative management was favoured and the patient was discharged from hospital without clinical neurological deficits (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Central Nervous System Venous Angioma/complications , Cerebral Hemorrhage/etiology , Intracranial Thrombosis/complications , Central Nervous System Venous Angioma/diagnosis , Central Nervous System Venous Angioma/surgery , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Intracranial Thrombosis/diagnosis
7.
Interv Neuroradiol ; 15(1): 53-9, 2009 Mar 31.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20465929

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: Angioplasty and stenting are emerging alternative treatments to endarterectomy for carotid stenosis. The increasing number of procedures performed carries an increased diagnosis rate of associated asymptomatic intracranial aneurysms, resulting in a clinical and therapeutic dilemma, not fully solved in the literature. When an incidental lesion is found, the first question is whether it is necessary to treat it or not? If treatment is decided, the next question is which should be treated first, the intra or the extracranial lesion? We review our experience and the literature and discuss our preferred approach of single-procedure carotid stenting and aneurysm coiling, which we believe is feasible, safe and effective constituting an option when confronted with this difficult therapeutic dilemma.

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