Sustainable use of giant reed to produce industrialized enzymes.

The giant reed (Arundo donax) is a fast-growing plant adapted to different climatic and soil conditions; although its origin is Asian, the species has spread throughout the world. During its development, it consumes three times more water than typical native vegetation and is responsible for changing the landscape of riparian areas; the high biomass productivity and the annual harvest period make this crop an alternative to produce and/or extract industrial bioproducts. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the feasibility of using giant reed in a bioprocess that produces enzymes by a solid-state fermentation experiment, four fungal species were tested (Aspergillus niger GH1, Aspergillus niger PSH, Trichoderma harzianum, and Rhizopus oryzae); enzyme activities were performed using reported methodologies varying only reaction volumes. The A. niger GH1 and PSH strains were the best adapted to the plant material, A. niger GH1 was capable to produce 4 of the 5 evaluated enzymes (cellulase-endoglucanase (174.39 ± 19.62 U/L), xylanase (1313.31 ± 39.25 U/L), invertase (642.22 ± 23.55 U/L), and polyphenol oxidase (6094.01 ± 306.54) while A. niger PSH was able to produce 3 of the 5 evaluated enzymes (cellulase-endoglucanase (147.09 ± 13.88 U/L), xylanase (1307.76 ± 31.40 U/L), and invertase (603.92 ± 3.14 U/L).

Dynamics of coexisting rotating waves in unidirectional rings of bistable Duffing oscillators.

We study the dynamics of multistable coexisting rotating waves that propagate along a unidirectional ring consisting of coupled double-well Duffing oscillators with different numbers of oscillators. By employing time series analysis, phase portraits, bifurcation diagrams, and basins of attraction, we provide evidence of multistability on the route from coexisting stable equilibria to hyperchaos via a sequence of bifurcations, including the Hopf bifurcation, torus bifurcations, and crisis bifurcations, as the coupling strength is increased. The specific bifurcation route depends on whether the ring comprises an even or odd number of oscillators. In the case of an even number of oscillators, we observe the existence of up to 32 coexisting stable fixed points at relatively weak coupling strengths, while a ring with an odd number of oscillators exhibits 20 coexisting stable equilibria. As the coupling strength increases, a hidden amplitude death attractor is born in an inverse supercritical pitchfork bifurcation in the ring with an even number of oscillators, coexisting with various homoclinic and heteroclinic orbits. Additionally, for stronger coupling, amplitude death coexists with chaos. Notably, the rotating wave speed of all coexisting limit cycles remains approximately constant and undergoes an exponential decrease as the coupling strength is increased. At the same time, the wave frequency varies among different coexisting orbits, exhibiting an almost linear growth with the coupling strength. It is worth mentioning that orbits originating from stronger coupling strengths possess higher frequencies.

Enhanced photocatalytic performance and reusability of N-doped carbon dots/zinc oxide hybrid nanostructures.

We report the fabrication of nitrogen-doped carbon dots-zinc oxide hybrid (NCDs-ZnO) nanostructures utilizing simple chemical procedures. The role of NCDs in ZnO nanostructured matrix has been analyzed through XRD, SEM, FTIR and PL characterization techniques. The introduction of NCDs was found to modify not only their aspect ratio, observed by a reduction in the preferredc-axis growth compared to thea- andb-axis, but also induced an additional emission around 441 nm, which is typical of NCDs. The hybrid nanostructures were utilized as catalyst for methylene blue dye degradation showing a 95% degradation after 2 h of UV irradiation in comparison to the ∼70% degradation obtained by utilizing pristine ZnO, while the dye half-life (t1/2) was reduced by ∼65% by utilizing NCDs-ZnO hybrid nanostructures when compared to the pristine ZnO. The reusability of the fabricated hybrid structures was tested up to eight times with no significant loss in their photocatalytic performance (>90%). The stability of the hybrid structures was verified through Z-potential measurements prior and after reutilization. Excellent reusability and simple processing presented by NCDs-ZnO hybrid nanostructures makes them promising for industrial level photocatalyst for the waste water treatment.

Large liver abscess and cholecystogastric fistula / Secondary to emphysematous cholecystitis

BACKGROUND: Emphysematous cholecystitis is a rare variant of acute cholecystitis. The association of emphysematous cholecystitis with a liver abscess is rare, and its association with cholecystogastric fistula is exceptional.Case Presentation. An 81-year-old woman with a long history of 2-type diabetes and systemic arterial hypertension presented to the emergency department with a 12-day course of antibiotic treatment for liver abscess and emphysematous cholecystitis without receiving surgical treatment. CT scan showed a large liver abscess in segment IV b and V, gallbladder with wall thickening. Surgical treatment was performed, finding large hepatic abscess and cholecystogastric fistula secondary to emphysematous cholecystitis. E. coli was obtained in the culture, and the findings were confirmed in the histopathological report. CONCLUSION: The cholecystogastric fistula with a large hepatic abscess in a patient with emphysematous cholecystitis is exceptional

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La necesidad de medir la motivación situacional en el contexto español de la educación física: Psicometría de la Situational Motivation Scale / The need to measure situational motivation in the Spanish Physical Education context: Psychometry of the Situational Motivation Scale / A neccesidade de medir a motivação situacional no contexto espanhol da educação física: Psicometria Situacional Motivacion Scale

El objetivo primario de este trabajo fue comparar la estructura factorial de las diversas versiones propuestas (SIMS-16, SIMS-15, SIMS-14 y SIMS-13), así como de explorar la posible sostenibilidad de una nueva estructura para la Situational Motivation Scale (SIMS) en el contexto español de la Educación Física. El objetivo secundario fue aportar evidencias que respalden la invariancia factorial, consistencia interna y validez externa de la mejor estructura factorial identificada. Participaron 644 estudiantes (344 hombres y 300 mujeres; Medad = 15,04, DT = 1,58) de educación secundaria obligatoria y bachillerato en clase de EF. El análisis factorial confirmatorio no respaldó psicométricamente las diferentes versiones (SIMS-16, SIMS-15, SIMS-14 y SIMS-13) identificadas por la investigación previa para la SIMS. No obstante, los hallazgos sustentaron psicométricamente un modelo factorial de cuatro factores correlacionados y 12 ítems, que permaneció invariante respecto al género y nivel educativo. El análisis correlacional apoyó la validez discriminante del instrumento y, a su vez, respaldó el continuum de auto-determinación. El análisis de consistencia interna reflejó adecuados valores para cada factor. Los resultados del modelo de ecuaciones estructurales respaldaron los asertos del Modelo Jerárquico de Motivación Intrínseca/ Extrínseca. Como conclusión, se recomienda la utilización de una nueva estructura factorial para la Situational Motivation Scale (modelo de cuatro factores correlacionados y 12 ítems) para el alumnado de EF de secundaria obligatoria y bachillerato en el contexto español

Based on Self-Determination Theory, the primary objective of this work was to compare the factor structure of the different versions proposed (SIMS-16, SIMS-15, SIMS-14 and SIMS-13), as well as to explore the possible sustainability of a new structure for the Situational Motivation Scale (SIMS) in the Spanish Physical Education context. The secondary objective was to provide evidences supporting measurement invariance, internal consistency and external validity for the best factor structure identified. A total of 644 Physical Education Post- Compulsory and Compulsory Secondary Education students (344 men y 300 women; Mage = 15.04, SDage = 1.58) participated. The confirmatory factor analyses did not support psychometrically the different versions (SIMS-16, SIMS-15, SIMS-14 y SIMS-13) found by the previous research for the SIMS. Nevertheless, the findings sustained psychometrically a 12-item 4-factor correlated model, which was invariant across gender and educational level. The correlational analysis supported the instrument’s discriminant validity and, in turn, underpinned the selfdetermination continuum. The internal consistency analysis reflected suitable values for each factor. The results of structural equation model supported the tenets of the hierarchical model of intrinsic/ extrinsic motivation. In conclusion, the use of a new factor structure for the Situational Motivation Scale (12-item 4-factor correlated model) was recommended in Physical Education Post-Compulsory and Compulsory Secondary students in the Spanish context

Baseado em Teoria da Autodeterminação, o objetivo primário desse trabalho foi comparar a estrutura fatorial das diversas versões propostas (SIMS-16, SIMS-15, SIMS-14 y SIMS-13), assim como, de explorar a possível sustentabilidade de uma nova estrutura para a Situational Motivation Scale (SIMS) no contexto espanhol da Educação Física. O objetivo secundário foi buscar evidências que respaldassem a invariância fatorial, consistência interna e validade externa da melhor estrutura fatorial identificada. Participaram 644 estudantes (344 homens e 300 mulheres; Midade = 15.04, DPidade = 1.58) de educação secundária obrigatória e bachillerato em aulas de EF. A análise fatorial confirmatória respaldou psicométricamente as diferentes versões (SIMS-16, SIMS-15, SIMS-14 y SIMS-13) identificadas pela investigação prévia para a SIMS. Não obstante, as descobertas sustentaram psicométricamente um modelo fatorial de quatro fatores correlacionados e 12 itens, que permaneceram invariantes com relação ao gênero e nível educativo. A análise correlacional apoiou a validade discriminante do instrumento que, por sua vez, respaldou o continuum de auto-determinação. A análise da consistência interna apresentou adequados valores para cada fator. Os resultados do modelo de equações estruturais respaldaram a assertiva do Modelo Hierárquico de Motivação Intrínseca/ Extrínseca. Como conclusão, se recomenda a utilização de uma nova estrutura fatorial para a Situational Motivation Scale (modelo de quatro fatores correlacionados e 12 itens) nos estudantes de EF de secundária obrigatória e bachillerato no contexto espanhol

Etapa de diagnóstico del Cáncer de Próstata ¿Estamos llegando a tiempo? / Prostate cancer stage at diagnosis. Are we running late?

INTRODUCCIÓN: El cáncer de próstata es el segundo cáncer más diagnosticado en hombres en Chile y el mundo. El tamizaje modificó la etapa de diagnóstico, siendo actualmente en EE.UU. un 80 por cinto localizada, 12 por cinto compromiso regional y 4 por ciento metastásico. Tamizaje con APE no está considerado dentro de un programa nacional en Chile. El objetivo de este estudio es caracterizar a la población diagnosticada de cáncer de próstata en un Hospital público en Chile. MATERIALES Y MÉTODO: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo. Se revisaron todas las fichas de los pacientes ingresados al GES por Cáncer de Próstata en el Hospital Carlos Van Buren de Valparaíso desde el año 2014 a 2016. RESULTADOS: Se revisaron 259 fichas y se analizaron 226. Edad promedio fue 70,5 años. 46 por ciento presentó APE sobre 20 ng/dL. 31 por ciento presentó metástasis. 42 por ciento recibió tratamiento paliativo. 57 por ciento se realizó tratamiento curativo, con edad promedio 67,4 años. De estos, 31,8 por ciento a cirugía, 68 por ciento índice Gleason <6 y 90 por ciento APE <20. 68 por ciento a RDT con o sin HT, 44 por ciento índice Gleason <6, 75 por ciento APE <20. DISCUSIÓN: El tamizaje del cáncer de próstata es un tema en discusión. En Chile no hay un programa nacional para realizar APE. Centros de atención primaria con acceso a APE tienen mayor tasa de tamizaje. La etapa al diagnóstico en nuestro centro difiere a las series de países desarrollados, siendo considerablemente superior la etapa metastásica. Esto podría deberse a la poca cobertura para detección temprana. Parece ser necesario implementar un programa nacional con cobertura de tamizaje para cáncer de próstata.(AU)

INTRODUCTION: Prostate cancer is the second most diagnosed cáncer in Chile and the world. Screening modified the stage at diagnosis, beeing now in the US 80 pertcent localized, 12 pertcent with regional compromised and 4 pertcent metastatic. Screening with PSA isn't considerd within a national program in Chile. The objetive of this study is to caracterize men diagnosed with prostate cancer at a public hospital in Chile. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective and descriptive study. Every patient who entered GES because of prostate cancer at the Carlos Van Buren Hospital from Valparaiso between 2014 and 2016 was review. RESULTS: 259 clinical records were review and 226 analized. Mean age was 70,5 years. 46 pertcent had PSA above 20 ng/dL. 31 % had metástasis. 42 % received paliative treatment. 57 % had curative treatment with a mean age of 67,4 years.From this group 31,8 pertcent surgery with a Gleason index <6 and 90 pertcent PSA <20. 68 pertcent had EBRT with or without HT, 44 pertcent of this group had Gleason index <6 and 75 pertcent PSA <20. DISCUSSION: Prostate cancer screening it's a debated topic. In Chile there's no national program to do a PSA. Primary care centers with acces to PSA have more rate of screening. Stage at diagnosis in our center difers from developed countries series, beeing metastatic stage considerably superior. This could be because of the low screening rate for early diagnosis. It seems necesary to implement a national program for prostate cancer screening.(AU)

Relación del clima motivacional y miedo al fallo en jugadores de alto rendimiento en balonmano / Relacionamento clima motivacional e medo de jogadores falha de alta performance em handebol / Relationship of motivational climate and fear of failure in high performance players in handball

El propósito del estudio fue analizar la percepción del clima motivacional generado por el entrenador y el miedo al fallo en jugadores de balonmano, en función del sexo y los años de experiencia federados, así como evaluar la predicción del clima motivacional sobre el miedo al fallo. Para ello se utilizó un diseño no experimental, descriptivo y seccional donde los participantes respondieron el Cuestionario de Clima Motivacional Percibido en el Deporte y el Inventario de Evaluación del Error en el Rendimiento. La muestra estuvo formada por 479 jugadores de 16-17 años (M = 16.60; DT = .50), pertenecientes a las diferentes selecciones juveniles territoriales de Balonmano. Los resultados reflejaron que la mayoría de los jugadores percibían sobre todo un clima de maestría y que la principal causa aversiva del miedo al fallo fue la vergüenza. Así mismo, se demostró que los hombres perciben en mayor medida un clima de competición y miedo al fallo, mientras que las mujeres perciben, sobre todo, un clima de maestría y menos miedo al fallo que ellos. Además, los jugadores con mayor experiencia deportiva perciben sobre todo un clima de competición y mayor miedo al fallo. Finalmente, se demuestra que a mayor clima implicante hacia la maestría menor probabilidad de sentir miedo a perder el interés de otros, al contrario de un clima implicante hacia la competición donde existe mayor probabilidad de sentir miedo por vergüenza y devaluación de uno mismo (AU)

The aim of the study was to examine the motivational climate generated by the coach and the fear of failure in handball players, according to the sex and years of federated experience, as well as to evaluate the prediction of the motivational climate on fear of failure. For this, a non-experimental, descriptive and sectional design was used where the participants answered the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire and the Performance Failure Appraisal Inventory as measurement instruments. The sample consisted in 479 players aged 16-17 years (M = 16.60; SD = .50), belonging to the different youth teams of Handball. The results reflected that the majority of handball players perceived above all a climate of mastery and that the main aversive causes of fear of failure was shame. Regarding gender analysis, this showed that men perceive, to a greater extent than women, a climate of competition and fear of failure, whereas women perceive above all a climate of mastery and less fear of failure than them. In addition, players with greater sport experience perceive above all a climate of competition and greater fear of failure. Finally, it is shown that a mastery climate predicts the fear of losing the interest of others, and a climate competition fear for shame and devaluation of oneself (AU)

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a percepção do clima motivacional gerado pelo treinador e medo de jogadores fracasso de handebol, de acordo com sexo e anos de experiência federais e avaliar o clima motivacional previsão sobre o medo do fracasso. Isso requer um design não-experimental, descritivo e transversal, onde os participantes responderam ao questionário Percebida Motivacional Clima no Esporte e Avaliação de erro Inventory foi usado na performance. A amostra foi composta de 479 jogadores 16-17 anos (M = 16.60, SD = 0,50), pertencentes a diferentes categorias de base territorial de Handebol. Os resultados mostraram que a maioria dos jogadores percebida principalmente um clima de especialização e que a principal causa do medo aversivo de falha era constrangimento. Além disso, foi mostrado que os homens percebem maior medida um clima de competição e medo do fracasso, enquanto as mulheres percebem, acima de tudo, o clima de mestrado e menos medo do fracasso que eles. Além disso, os jogadores recebem mais experiência desportiva principalmente um clima de concorrência e maior medo do fracasso. Finalmente, é mostrado que as implica maiores maestria clima para uma menor probabilidade de estar com medo de perder o interesse dos outros, ao contrário de um clima implica para a concorrência onde mais propensos a sentir vergonha e medo de desvalorização existe self (AU)

Metas sociales, clima motivacional, disciplina y actitud del alumno según el docente / Social Goals, Motivational climate, discipline and attitudes of the student according to teacher

El objetivo ha sido analizar la relación existente entre el género y la experiencia laboral del profesorado con las metas sociales, el clima motivacional, las estrategias de disciplina y las actitudes hacia la Educación Física. La muestra estaba constituida por 970 chicos y 1032 chicas con edades comprendidas entre los 12-19 años. Se aplicó una batería de test compuesta por el EMSEF (Moreno, González-Cutre, y Sicilia, 2007), el LAPOPECQ (Cervelló, Jiménez, Moya, y Moreno, 2010), la SDSS (Gutiérrez, López, y Ruiz, 2009) y el CAEFP (Gutiérrez y Ruíz, 2009). Se analizaron Modelos Lineales de Regresión Múltiple. En los resultados, solo el tiempo de servicio del docente mantiene significatividad con el clima rendimiento y las razones intrínsecas de disciplina. En cambio, la edad del alumnado es significativa con las metas sociales, y el género con el clima rendimiento, ambas metas, las razones introyectadas y la indiferencia del profesor (AU)

The aim was to analyze the relationship between gender and work experience of teachers with social goals, motivational climate, discipline strategies and attitudes toward physical education. The sample consisted of 970 boys and 1032 girls aged 12-19. A battery of tests consisting of the EMSEF (Moreno, González-Cutre, and Sicilia, 2007), the LAPOPECQ (Cervelló, Jiménez, Moya, and Moreno, 2010), the SDSS (Gutiérrez, López, and Ruiz, 2009) was applied and CAEFP (Gutiérrez and Ruiz, 2009). Linear Regression Models were analyzed. In the results, only the service time faculty holds significance with performance climate and intrinsic reasons of discipline. In contrast, the age of students is significant to social goals, and gender with performance climate, both goals, introjected reasons and indifference of the teacher (AU)

Orientaciones de meta, satisfacción, creencias de éxito y clima motivacional en nadadores / Goal orientations, satisfaction, beliefs in sport success and motivational climate in swimmers

En el presente estudio se plantearon varios objetivos; comprobar las relaciones existentes entre las orientaciones de meta, la satisfacción, las creencias sobre las causas del éxito en el deporte y el clima motivacional percibido en nadadores; examinar el efecto que tiene la orientación de meta en las diferentes dimensiones analizadas; y, por último, predecir la orientación de meta. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 163 nadadores. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron las versiones validadas al castellano del TEOSQ, SSI, BACSSQ y PMCSQ-2. Se realizaron tres tipos de análisis estadísticos: análisis de correlaciones bivariadas, análisis multivariante (MANOVA 2x2) y análisis de regresión lineal múltiple multivariado por pasos. Los resultados mostraron que la capacidad y el aburrimiento son variables predictoras de la orientación de meta hacia el ego, mientras que el esfuerzo y la diversión lo son de las orientaciones de meta hacia la tarea (AU)

The present study had several objectives; to check the relationships between goal orientations, satisfaction, beliefs about the causes of success in sport and motivational climate perceived in swimmers; to examine the effect of goal orientation in different dimensions analyzed, and finally to predict goal orientation. The sample consisted of 163 swimmers. The instruments used were validated to Castilian versions of TEOSQ, SSI, BACSSQ and PMCSQ-2. There were three types of statistical analyzes: bivariate correlation analysis, multivariate analysis (MANOVA 2x2) and multiple linear regression analysis stepwise multivariate. The results showed that capacity and boredom are predictors of goal orientation towards the ego, while effort and fun are the goal orientations to the task (AU)

Semi-empirical chemical model for indirect advanced oxidation of Acid Orange 7 using an unmodified carbon fabric cathode for H2O2 production in an electrochemical reactor.

A commercial Unidirectional Carbon Fabric piece was used to design an electrode for the cathodic O2 reduction reaction in a divided (by a Nafion(®) 117 membrane) parallel plate reactor. The anode was a commercial stainless steel mesh. Under this approach it is feasible to produce H2O2 at low energy (2.08 kWh kg(-1) H2O2) in low ionic acidic medium. In the catholyte side the H2O2 can be activated with Fe(2+) to develop the Fenton reagent. It was found that Acid Orange 7 (AO7) indirect oxidation (in the concentration range of 0.12-0.24 mM) by Fenton chemistry follows a first order kinetic equation. The energy required for 0.24 mM AO7 degradation is 1.04 kWhm(-3). From each experimental AO7 oxidation the main parameters (a, mM and k, min(-1)) of the first order kinetic equation are obtained. These parameters can be correlated with AO7 concentration in the concentration range studied. Based on this method a semi-empirical chemical model was developed to predict the AO7 abatement, by means of Fenton chemistry. Good AO7 oxidation predictions can be made in the concentration range studied. A detailed discussion of the energy required for oxidizing AO7 and the accuracy of the chemical model to predict its oxidation is included in this paper.

Validación española de la versión corta del Physical Education Classroom Instrument para la medición de conductas disruptivas en alumnado de secundaria / Validação da versão curta espanhola do questionario em Educação Física para medir o comportamento disruptivo em estudantes do ensino médio / Validation of the short-form Spanish version of the Physical Education Classroom Instrument measuring secondary pupils’ disruptive behaviours

El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión española del Physical Education Classroom Instrument en una muestra de estudiantes de secundaria. Se pretende determinar si constituye un instrumento válido y fiable para medir las conductas disruptivas en Educación Física, así como para su utilización en futuras investigaciones. Fue administrado a un total de 758 estudiantes de secundaria de 12 a 18 años, analizándose la estructura del instrumento mediante procedimientos confirmatorios. Los análisis apoyan el modelo teórico hipotetizado de cinco factores. La versión española del instrumento se denomina Cuestionario para las Conductas Disruptivas en Educación Física y mostró niveles aceptables de consistencia interna y estabilidad temporal. La validez concurrente se exploró examinando la relación con la satisfacción/diversión con la escuela mediante modelos de ecuaciones estructurales. La irresponsabilidad y el bajo autocontrol personal se mostraron como los principales predictores negativos de la satisfacción con la escuela (AU)

The objective of this research was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Physical Education Classroom Instrument adapted in a Spanish sample of secondary pupils. It is intended to determine whether it constitutes a valid and reliable measure disruptive behaviors in Physical Education instrument and to be used in future research. It was administered to a total of 758 high school students from 12-18 years analysing the structure of the instrument by confirmatory procedures. The theoretical analyses support the hypothesized five-factor model. The Spanish version of the instrument is called Disruptive Behaviours Questionnaire for Physical Education and temporal stability showed acceptable levels of internal consistency. Concurrent validity was explored by examining the relationship satisfaction / fun with the school through structural equation models. The irresponsibility and low personal control were shown as the main negative predictors of satisfaction with the school (AU)

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar as propriedades psicométricas da versão curta espanhola do questionario em Educação Física em uma amostra de estudantes do ensino médio. Pretendeu-se determinar se constitui um instrumento válido e confiável para medir comportamentos disruptivos em educação física, asim como para a utilização em futruas pesquisas. Foi administrado a um total de 758 estudantes do ensino médio de 12 a 18 anos, analisou-se a estrutura do instrumento por meio de procedimentos confirmatórios. As análises apoiam o modelo teórico hipótetizado de cinco fatores. A versão em espanhol do instrumento leva por nome Questionário para as condutas disruptivas em Educação Física e, mostrou níveis aceitáveis de consistência interna e estabilidade temporal. A validez concorrente foi explorada testandose a relação entre satisfação / diversão com a escola por meio da modelagem de equações estruturais. A Irresponsabilidade e baixo autocontrol persoal foram mostrados como os principais preditores negativos da satisfação com a escola (AU)

Lack of association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and cervical human papillomavirus infection in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Our objective was to evaluate whether vitamin D deficiency is associated with cervical human papilloma virus (HPV) infection in women with SLE. This is a cross-sectional study of 67 women with SLE. A structured questionnaire was administered to ascertain the possible risk factors associated with cervical HPV infection. A gynaecological evaluation and cervical cytology screening were made. HPV detection and genotyping was made by PCR and linear array assay. Serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels were quantified by chemiluminescence immunoassay. Mean age and disease duration were 44.8 ± 10.6 and 42.5 ± 11.8 years, respectively. Demographic characteristics were similar in patients with and without deficiency (<20 ng/ml and ≥20 ng/ml). There were 28.4% of women with cervical HPV infection and 68.4% had high-risk HPV infections. Patients with 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels <20 ng/ml had a higher prevalence of cervical HPV infection than those with levels ≥20 ng/ml (30.7% vs. 25.8%; p = 0.72). We found no significant difference when high-risk HPV infection was evaluated (36.8% vs. 31.5%; p = 0.73). In conclusion, women with SLE have a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and cervical HPV infection. However, we found no association between vitamin D deficiency and cervical HPV.

Psychometric properties of the "sport satisfaction instrument (SSI)" in female athletes: predictive model of sport commitment.

The objective of this research was to assess the psychometric properties of the Sport Satisfaction Instrument (SSI) in a Spanish sample of female athletes in team sports federations, to decide whether it constitutes a valid and reliable instrument to be used in the context of female competitive sport in future research. The SSI was administered to a total of 615 athletes from 12 to 38 yr. of age. Confirmatory procedures and psychometric analysis supported the hypothesized theoretical model of two factors (Satisfaction/fun and Boredom). For female athletes, the 7-item model showed better goodness-of-fit indexes upon eliminating Item 2 from the Boredom subscale. Concurrent validity was explored through the correlations with the Perception of Success Questionnaire and Sport Commitment, obtaining positive correlations between Satisfaction/fun and Task Orientation and Sport Commitment, whereas Boredom correlated positively but less closely with Ego Orientation. The importance of Satisfaction/fun in the prediction of Sport Commitment, starting from task orientation, is emphasized.

Nucleotide and amino acid variations of tannase gene from different Aspergillus strains.

Tannase is an enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of ester bonds present in tannins. Most of the scientific reports about this biocatalysis focus on aspects related to tannase production and its recovery; on the other hand, reports assessing the molecular aspects of the tannase gene or protein are scarce. In the present study, a tannase gene fragment from several Aspergillus strains isolated from the Mexican semidesert was sequenced and compared with tannase amino acid sequences reported in NCBI database using bioinformatics tools. The genetic relationship among the different tannase sequences was also determined. A conserved region of 7 amino acids was found with the conserved motif GXSXG common to esterases, in which the active-site serine residue is located. In addition, in Aspergillus niger strains GH1 and PSH, we found an extra codon in the tannase sequences encoding glycine. The tannase gene belonging to semidesert fungal strains followed a neutral evolution path with the formation of 10 haplotypes, of which A. niger GH1 and PSH haplotypes are the oldest.

Perfiles motivacionales de apoyo a la autonomía, autodeterminación, satisfacción, importancia de la educación física e intención de práctica física en tiempo libre / Motivational profiles of autonomy support, self-determination, satisfaction, importance of physical education and intention to partake in leisure time physical activity / Perfiles motivacionais de apoio à autonomia, auto-determinação, satisfação, importância da educação física e intenção de prática física no tempo livre

El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar los perfiles motivaciones del alumnado de educación secundaria en EF y la inclusión del apoyo a la autonomía, satisfacción, importancia y utilidad a la Educación Física e intención de práctica futura de actividad física. La muestra fue de 758 alumnos de 13 a 18 años, que respondieron a un cuestionario compuesto por las escalas de apoyo a la autonomía, motivación, satisfacción, importancia de la Educación Física e intención de práctica física futura. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y de correlación entre las escalas, así como un análisis de clúster para los perfiles y un ANOVA para estudiar las diferencias por sexo y práctica física de los adolescentes. Destaca la existencia de dos clusters, un primer perfil (n=415) denominado "alta motivación" asociado a los varones, a los que practican actividad física más de tres horas/semana, caracterizado por altos valores en motivación, autonomía, satisfacción, importancia e intención de práctica física en tiempo libre; y un segundo perfil, llamado "baja motivación" (n=343), asociado mayormente a mujeres, y a quienes practican actividad física menos de 3 horas/semana, caracterizado por altos niveles de aburrimiento y bajo en el resto de variables. Este trabajo pone de manifiesto que los alumnos con motivación más alta son los que más actividad física practican y los que más posibilidades tienen de adquisición y adherencia de hábitos de práctica deportiva en tiempo de ocio (AU)

The aim of this study was to analyze the profiles of motivations of students in secondary education and the inclusion of EF autonomy support, satisfaction, importance and usefulness to physical education and future intention t o practice physical activity. The sample consisted of 758 students from 13 to 18, who answered a questionnaire consisting of scales of autonomy support, motivation, satisfaction, importance of physical education and intention of future physical practice. Descriptive and correlation analysis between scales and cluster analysis for profiling and ANOVA was performed to examine differences by sex and physical activities of adolescents. Highlights the existence of two clusters, a first profile (n=415) referred to as "high motivation" associated with men, who practice physical activity over three hours/week, characterized by high values in motivation, autonomy, satisfaction, importance and intention to practice physical time, and a second profile called "low motivation" (n=343), mostly associated with women, and those who practice physical activity less than 3 hours / week, characterized by high levels of boredom and low on the other variables. This study shows that students with higher motivation are the most physical activity practice and those most likely to purchase habits and adherence in sport leisure time

O objectivo deste trabalho foi analisar os perfis motivacionais dos alunos de educação secundária em Educação Física (EF) e a inclusão do apoio à autonomia, satisfação, importância e utilidade da EF e a intenção de prática futura de actividade física. A amostra foi composta por 759 alunos com idades entre os 13 e os 18 anos, que responderam a um questionário composto pelas escalas de apoio à autonomia, motivação, satisfação, importância a EF e intenção de prática física futura. Realizou-se uma análise descritiva e de correlação entre as escalas, assim como uma análise de clusters para os perfis e uma ANOVA para estudar as diferenças por sexo e prática física dos adolescentes. Destaca-se a existência de dois clusters, um primeiro perfil (n=415) denominado "alta motivação" associado aos homens e aos que praticam actividade física mais de três hora/semana, caracterizado por elevados valores de motivação, autonomia, satisfação, importância e intenção de prática física no tempo livre; e um segundo perfil, denominado de "baixa motivação" (n=343), associado maioritariamente às mulheres, e àqueles que praticam actividade física menos de 3 horas/semana, caracterizado por elevados níveis de aborrecimento e baixos níveis relativamente às restantes variáveis. Este trabalho enfatiza que os alunos com motivação mais elevada são os que praticam mais actividade física e os que mais possibilidades têm de aquisição e adesão a hábitos de prática desportiva no tempo de ócio

Modelo predictivo de la importancia y utilidad de la Educación Física / Predictive model of the importance and usefulness of Physical Education / Modelo preditivo da importância e utilidade da Educação Física

El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer como el apoyo a la autonomía percibida, motivación y satisfacción hacia la Educación Física, predicen la importancia y utilidad de dicha asignatura. La muestra fue de 758estudiantes (347 chicos y 411 chicas) de secundaria de la Región de Murcia, de entre 13 y 18 años. Se utilizó un cuestionario compuesto el Cuestionario de Clima de Aprendizaje, Escala de Motivación Deportiva, Escala de Satisfacción hacia la Educación Física y Escala de Importancia y Utilidad de la Educación Física. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, correlacionales y ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados indican una gran motivación y satisfacción hacia la asignatura, siendo siempre mayor en los chicos los resultados de todas las variables analizadas. El estudio demuestra la influencia del apoyo a la autonomía en la importancia de la Educación Física a través de la motivación intrínseca y la satisfacción del alumnado (AU)

The aim of this study was to understand how the perceived autonomy support, motivation and satisfaction towards Physical Education (PE), can predict the importance and usefulness of this subject. The sample consisted of 758 students (347 boys and 411 girls) of high school in the Region of Murcia, between 13 and 18 years old. The questionnaire was composed of Learning Climate Questionnaire, Sport Motivation Scale, Satisfaction Scale and Scale of Importance toward EF and EF Utility. It was performed descriptive and correlational analyzes and structural equations. The results indicate a strong motivation and satisfaction towards the subject, being always greater in boys the results of all the variables analyzed. The study demonstrates the influence of autonomy support in the importance of EF through intrinsic motivation and students satisfaction (AU)

O objectivo deste trabalho foi conhecer como o apoio à autonomia percebida, motivação e satisfação face à Educação Física, predizem a importância e utilidade dessa disciplina. A amostra foi constituída por 758 estudantes (347 rapazes e 411 raparigas) do ensino secundário da Região de Múrcia, com idades compreendidas entre os 13 e os 18 anos. Foi utilizado um questionário composto, o Questionário de Clima de Aprendizagem, Escala de Motivação Desportiva, Escala de Satisfação face à Educação Física e Escala de Importância e Utilidade da Educação Física. Realizaram-se análises descritivas, correlações e equações estruturais. Os resultados indicam uma elevada motivação e satisfação face à disciplina, sendo sempre mais elevada nos rapazes em todas as variáveis analisadas. O estudo demonstra a influência do apoio à autonomia na importância da Educação Física através da motivação intrínseca e da satisfação dos alunos

Individual differences in the forced swimming test and the effect of environmental enrichment: searching for an interaction.

Animals with low and high immobility in the forced swimming test (FST) differ in a number of neurobehavioral factors. A growing body of evidence suggests that the exposure to enriched environments mediates a number of changes in the brain. Therefore, we studied if animals' individuality can somehow modulate the response to environmental stimuli. Male rats were classified according to their immobility time scores in the FST test session as animals with low, medium or high immobility. Then, rats from groups with low and high immobility were randomly distributed in two groups to be reared in different housing conditions (i.e., enriched and standard conditions) during 8weeks. Animals were subjected to the open field test (OFT) before and 6weeks after the start of housing protocol. Rats with high immobility in the FST also showed high ambulation and high rearing time in the first OFT. Such findings were not observed in the second OFT. Conversely, an effect of environmental enrichment was found in the second OFT where enriched animals showed lower ambulation and higher grooming time than the standard control group. Rats were sacrificed after the housing protocol and neurochemical content and/or gene expression were studied in three different brain regions: the prefrontal cortex, the hippocampus and the nucleus accumbens. Rats with low immobility showed significantly higher accumbal 5-HT levels than animals with high immobility, whereas no neurochemical differences were observed between enriched and standard animals. Regarding expression data, however, an effect of enrichment on accumbal corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and its receptor 1 (CRFR1) levels was observed, and such effect depended on immobility levels. Thus, our results not only allowed us to identify a number of differences between animals with low and high immobility or animals housed in standard and enriched conditions, but also suggested that animals' individuality modulated in some way the response to environmental stimuli.

Bone mineral density in systemic lupus erythematosus women one year after rituximab therapy.

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of rituximab on bone mineral density (BMD) in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 1 year after treatment. Thirty active female SLE patients treated with rituximab were compared with 43 SLE women not treated with rituximab. BMD was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) before initiating biologic therapy and after 1 year. The mean age was 38.5 ± 2.1 years; median disease duration was 7 years. In the rituximab group, after 1 year of follow-up, BMD at the femoral neck (FN) decreased from 0.980 ± 0.130 g/cm(2) to 0.809 ± 0.139 g/cm(2) (-17.4%; p=0.001). Similarly, BMD at the lumbar spine (LS) decreased from 1.062 ± 0.137 g/cm(2) to 0.893 ± 0.194 g/cm(2) (-15.8%; p=0.001). In control subjects, BMD at the FN decreased from 0.914 ± 0.193 g/cm(2) to 0.890 ± 0.135 g/cm(2) (-2.6%; p=0.001), and BMD at the LS decreased from 0.926 ± 0.128 g/cm(2) to 0.867 ± 0.139 g/cm(2) (-6.2%; p=0.09). After 1 year, SLE patients had lower BMD at both the FN and LS, but the loss was greater in postmenopausal patients who had received rituximab therapy.

Cáncer mamario triple negativo: ¿cómo se ve en imágenes? / Triple receptor-negative breast cancer: how is it seen on imaging findings?

Introduction. Triple-negative cancers (TNC) refers to any breast cancer that does not express the genes for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) or human epidermal grow factor, receptor type 2. Herceptin (HER2). They tend to be more aggressive; often being diagnosed in young patients, sometimes as interval cancers, they can grow to be large in size and patients frequently present initially with axillary metastases. They show a worse prognosis compared to other breast cancer tumors, with an increased risk of distant recurrence and death, especially in the first 5 years after diagnosis. Patients and methods. We conducted a descriptive, retrospective observational study of TNC cases diagnosed at our institution between March 2005 and June 2012 in order to identify their imaging features. Results. TNC may not be seen on mammography (Mx) if the parenchyma is dense (ACR types 3 and 4), mainly because they appear as masses or focal asymmetries without microcalcifications. Both on mammography and ultrasound (US) they can evoke a benign lesion. On US studies they frequently manifest as a solid single nodule, markedly hypoechoic with posterior acoustic enhancement and well-defined contours. They appear hypo/ avascular on color Doppler examinations (or vascularized in the periphery without central vessels) and various afferent pedicles may be present. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) clearly identifies suspicious lesions with some characteristic features: mass preferably with posterior and prepectoral location, markedly hyperintense on T2- weighted images with a ring-like pattern of contrast agent uptake, presenting washout curve, sometimes with septa increased uptake in the lesion center. Conclusion. Triple receptor-negative cancers often exhibit imaging features that distinguish them from other types of tumors.

Introducción. Los cánceres triple negativo (CTN) son aquellos que no presentan receptores de estrógeno, progesterona ni human epidermal grow factor, receptor type 2. Herceptin (HER2). Tienden a ser más agresivos; a menudo se diagnostican en pacientes jóvenes, a veces como cánceres de intervalo, llegan a ser de gran tamaño y más frecuentemente presentan metástasis axilares al momento del diagnóstico. Su pronóstico es peor que otros cánceres mamarios, existiendo una mayor probabilidad de recurrencia a distancia y de muerte, especialmente en los primeros 5 años. Pacientes y métodos. Se efectuó una revisión retrospectiva descriptiva de los casos de CTN diagnosticados en nuestra institución (periodo entre marzo de 2005 y junio de 2012) con el fin de identificar sus características imaginológicas. Resultados. Los CTN pueden quedar ocultos en mamografía (Mx) si el parénquima es denso (tipo ACR 3 y 4), puesto que aparecen principalmente como masas o asimetrías focales, sin microcalcificaciones. Tanto en Mx como en ultrasonido (US) pueden evocar una lesión de morfología benigna. En US se manifiestan frecuentemente como un nódulo sólido único, marcadamente hipoecogénico con refuerzo posterior, de contornos bastante circunscritos y que aparece hipo/avascular al Doppler color (o vascularizado en la periferia sin vasos centrales) y varios pedículos aferentes. La resonancia magnética (RM) identifica hallazgos claramente sospechosos con algunos elementos característicos: masa cuya localización es preferentemente posterior, pre-pectoral, marcadamente hiperintensa en T2 que capta el contraste en anillo y presenta curva de lavado, a veces con septos hipercaptantes en el centro de la lesión. Conclusión. Los CTN presentan a menudo características en imágenes que los diferencian de otros tipos de tumores.